scholarly journals Tissue Engineered Strategies for Skeletal Muscle Injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umile Giuseppe Longo ◽  
Mattia Loppini ◽  
Alessandra Berton ◽  
Filippo Spiezia ◽  
Nicola Maffulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Skeletal muscle injuries are common in athletes, occurring with direct and indirect mechanisms and marked residual effects, such as severe long-term pain and physical disability. Current therapy consists of conservative management including RICE protocol (rest, ice, compression, and elevation), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and intramuscular corticosteroids. However, current management of muscle injuries often does not provide optimal restoration to preinjury status. New biological therapies, such as injection of platelet-rich plasma and stem-cell-based therapy, are appealing. Although some studies support PRP application in muscle-injury management, reasons for concern persist, and further research is required for a standardized and safe use of PRP in clinical practice. The role of stem cells needs to be confirmed, as studies are still limited and inconsistent. Further research is needed to identify mechanisms involved in muscle regeneration and in survival, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells.

Exosomes Isolated From Platelet-Rich Plasma and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Recovery of Function After Muscle Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 2277-2286
Author(s):  
Shama R. Iyer ◽  
Amanda L. Scheiber ◽  
Paul Yarowsky ◽  
R. Frank Henn ◽  
Satoru Otsuru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Recovery Of Function ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Novel Therapy

Background: Clinical use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has gained momentum as treatment for muscle injuries. Exosomes, or small cell–derived vesicles, could be helpful if they could deliver the same or better physiological effect without cell transplantation into the muscle. Hypothesis: Local delivery of exosomes derived from PRP (PRP-exos) or MSCs (MSC-exos) to injured muscles hastens recovery of contractile function. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: In a rat model, platelets were isolated from blood, and MSCs were isolated from bone marrow and expanded in culture; exosomes from both were isolated through ultracentrifugation. The tibialis anterior muscles were injured in vivo using maximal lengthening contractions. Muscles were injected with PRP-exos or MSC-exos (immediately after injury and 5 and 10 days after injury); controls received an equal volume of saline. Histological and biochemical analysis was performed on tissues for all groups. Results: Injury resulted in a significant loss of maximal isometric torque (66% ± 3%) that gradually recovered over 2 weeks. Both PRP-exos and MSC-exos accelerated recovery, with similar faster recovery of contractile function over the saline-treated group at 5, 10, and 15 days after injury ( P < .001). A significant increase in centrally nucleated fibers was seen with both types of exosome groups by day 15 ( P < .01). Genes involved in skeletal muscle regeneration were modulated by different exosomes. Muscles treated with PRP-exos had increased expression of Myogenin gene ( P < .05), whereas muscles treated with MSC-exos had reduced expression of TGF-β ( P < .05) at 10 days after muscle injury. Conclusion: Exosomes derived from PRP or MSCs can facilitate recovery after a muscle strain injury in a small-animal model likely because of factors that can modulate inflammation, fibrosis, and myogenesis. Clinical Relevance: Given their small size, low immunogenicity, and ease with which they can be obtained, exosomes could represent a novel therapy for many orthopaedic ailments.

Postinjury Exercise and Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapies Improve Skeletal Muscle Healing in Rats But Are Not Synergistic When Combined

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 2131-2141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Contreras-Muñoz ◽  
Joan Ramon Torrella ◽  
Xavier Serres ◽  
David Rizo-Roca ◽  
Meritxell De la Varga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Scar Formation ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Daily Exercise ◽  
Active Rehabilitation

Background: Skeletal muscle injuries are the most common sports-related injury and a major concern in sports medicine. The effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections on muscle healing is still poorly understood, and current data are inconclusive. Purpose: To evaluate the effects of an ultrasound-guided intramuscular PRP injection, administered 24 hours after injury, and/or posttraumatic daily exercise training for 2 weeks on skeletal muscle healing in a recently established rat model of skeletal muscle injury that highly mimics the muscle trauma seen in human athletes. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 40 rats were assigned to 5 groups. Injured rats (medial gastrocnemius injury) received a single PRP injection (PRP group), daily exercise training (Exer group), or a combination of a single PRP injection and daily exercise training (PRP-Exer group). Untreated and intramuscular saline–injected animals were used as controls. Muscle force was determined 2 weeks after muscle injury, and muscles were harvested and evaluated by means of histological assessment and immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: Both PRP (exhibiting 4.8-fold higher platelet concentration than whole blood) and exercise training improved muscle strength (maximum tetanus force, TetF) in approximately 18%, 20%, and 30% of rats in the PRP, PRP-Exer, and Exer groups, respectively. Specific markers of muscle regeneration (developmental myosin heavy chain, dMHC) and scar formation (collagen I) demonstrated the beneficial effect of the tested therapies in accelerating the muscle healing process in rats. PRP and exercise treatments stimulated the growth of newly formed regenerating muscle fibers (1.5-, 2-, and 2.5-fold increase in myofiber cross-sectional area in PRP, PRP-Exer, and Exer groups, respectively) and reduced scar formation in injured skeletal muscle (20%, 34%, and 41% of reduction in PRP, PRP-Exer, and Exer groups, respectively). Exercise-treated muscles (PRP-Exer and Exer groups) had significantly reduced percentage of dMHC-positive regenerating fibers (35% and 47% decrease in dMHC expression, respectively), indicating that exercise therapies accelerated the muscle healing process witnessed by the more rapid replacement of the embryonic-developmental myosin isoform by mature muscle myosin isoforms. Conclusion: Intramuscular PRP injection and, especially, treadmill exercise improve histological outcome and force recovery of the injured skeletal muscle in a rat injury model that imitates sports-related muscle injuries in athletes. However, there was not a synergistic effect when both treatments were combined, suggesting that PRP does not add any beneficial effect to exercise-based therapy in the treatment of injured skeletal muscle. Clinical Relevance: This study demonstrates the efficacy of an early active rehabilitation protocol or single intramuscular PRP injection on muscle recovery. The data also reveal that the outcome of the early active rehabilitation is adversely affected by the PRP injection when the two therapies are combined, and this could explain why PRP therapies have failed in randomized clinical trials where the athletes have adhered to postinjection rehabilitation protocols based on the principle of early, active mobilization.

scholarly journals Human platelet-rich plasma as a biological stimulant for proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-173
Author(s):  
Dewi Sukmawati ◽  
Helsy Junaidi ◽  
Rahimi Syaidah
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Human Mscs ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Fetal Bovine

Platelet is one of the cells within the blood that have potential in regenerative therapy. Recently platelet-related products got special attention due to the abundance of growth factors and easy availability and processing. With the robust in cell-based therapy, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been intensively studied for its potential to substitute the fetal bovine serum (FBS) as the supplement in cell culture. Our study aimed to investigate the use of human PRP in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) culture and its related effect on stem cell biology. We searched in vitro studies that used human PRP as a supplementing factor on human MSCs culture. From the initial 172 studies, 14 studies fulfilled the selection criteria and were analysed. The results showed that the sources of MSCs were varied, including adipose tissue, bone marrow, and dental tissue. The PRP concentration showing the best effects was ranged from 10 to 20%. In addition, most of the studies demonstrated the superiority of PRP to FBS in promoting the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs in vitro. Therefore, PRP could be an alternative to FBS in supporting a xeno-free culture system. Studies are needed to reveal the mechanism of PRP in maintaining the physiology of MSCs.

scholarly journals Stem Cells for the Treatment of Skeletal Muscle Injury

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres J. Quintero ◽  
Vonda J. Wright ◽  
Freddie H. Fu ◽  
Johnny Huard
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Injury

scholarly journals CARTILAGE AGEING AND TREATMENT POSSIBILITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1671-1675
Author(s):  
Jaromir Jarecki
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Cartilage Destruction ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Progressive Degeneration ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Hyaluronic Acids ◽  
Proinflammatory Factors

Osteoarthritis is the disease connected with aging which is characterised by progressive degeneration of all elements building the joint but also influencing the muscles constituting motor unit with the affected joint. The effective and unified therapy has not been yet introduced despite the broad multi-site studies concentrating on metabolic pathways responsible for the development of the disease. The reason of which is probably its multifactorial aetiology. The treatment methods are based on decreasing of cartilage destruction activity, retardation of proinflammatory factors activity and fighting with pain. Physiotherapy, movement rehabilitation, painkillers, anti-inflammatory drugs, glucosamine sulphates and hyaluronic acids are used as therapeutic strategies. The methods recently introduced are platelet rich plasma concentrates and stem cells injected directly into the affected joint. The aim of this review article was the presentation of differential therapeutic options offered to patients in different stages of osteoarthritis.

Immediate and delayed transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells improve muscle force after skeletal muscle injury in rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (S3) ◽  
pp. s60-s67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Winkler ◽  
Philipp von Roth ◽  
Piotr Radojewski ◽  
Alexander Urbanski ◽  
Sebastian Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Injury

Platelet-Rich Plasma Enhances Equine Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in a Bupivacaine-Induced Muscle Injury Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Fukuda ◽  
Taisuke Kuroda ◽  
Norihisa Tamura ◽  
Hiroshi Mita ◽  
Hirofumi Miyata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Injury Model

scholarly journals A Histoarchitectural Approach to Skeletal Muscle Injury: Searching for a Common Nomenclature

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 232596712090909 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ramon Balius ◽  
Marc Blasi ◽  
Carles Pedret ◽  
Xavier Alomar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Macroscopic Anatomy ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Injury ◽  
Tissue Structures ◽  
Definition Of

In recent years, different classifications for muscle injuries have been proposed based on the topographic location of the injury within the bone-tendon-muscle chain. We hereby propose that in addition to the topographic classification of muscle injuries, a histoarchitectonic (description of the damage to connective tissue structures) definition of the injury be included within the nomenclature. Thus, the nomenclature should focus not only on the macroscopic anatomy but also on the histoarchitectonic features of the injury.

Skeletal Muscle-Derived Stem Cells: Implications for Cell-Mediated Therapies

Medicina ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvydas Ūsas ◽  
Justinas Mačiulaitis ◽  
Romaldas Mačiulaitis ◽  
Neli Jakubonienė ◽  
Arvydas Milašius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Trophic Factors ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Myogenic Stem Cells

Current advances in stem cell research and innovative biological approaches in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine could eventually translate into prospective clinical applications. Various adult organs and tissues harbor stem and progenitor cells that could potentially be used to repair, regenerate, and restore a variety of different tissues following acute injury or tissue destructive diseases. Skeletal muscle is a very convenient and plentiful source of somatic stem cells. It contains several distinct populations of myogenic stem cells including satellite cells that are mainly responsible for muscle growth and regeneration, and multipotent muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs). Although both cell populations share some phenotypic similarities, MDSCs display a much greater differentiation potential in vitro and are capable of regenerating various tissues in vivo. Furthermore, these cells not only participate in the regeneration process by differentiating into tissue-specific cell types, but also promote endogenous tissue repair by secreting a multitude of trophic factors. In this article, we describe the biological aspects of MDSC isolation and characterization and provide an overview of potential therapeutic application of these cells for the treatment of cardiac and skeletal muscle injuries and diseases, urological dysfunction, and bone and cartilage defects. We also discuss major challenges and limitations currently faced by MDSC-based therapies that await resolution before these techniques can be applied clinically.

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