Nonviral Methods for Inducing Pluripotency to Cells

The concept of inducing pluripotency to adult somatic cells by introducing reprogramming factors to them is one that has recently emerged, gained widespread acclaim and garnered much attention among the scientific community. The idea that cells can be reprogrammed, and are not unidirectionally defined opens many avenues for study. With their clear potential for use in the clinic, these reprogrammed cells stand to have a huge impact in regenerative medicine. This realization did not occur overnight but is, however, the product of many decades worth of advancements in researching this area. It was a combination of such research that led to the development of induced pluripotent stem cells as we know it today. This review delivers a brief insight in to the roots of iPS research and focuses on succinctly describing current nonviral methods of inducing pluripotency using plasmid vectors, small molecules and chemicals, and RNAs.

Download Full-text

Selected small molecules as inductors of pluripotent stem cells

Acta Biochimica Polonica ◽

10.18388/abp.2016_1363 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Małgorzata Baranek ◽

Wojciech T Markiewicz ◽

Jan Barciszewski

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Nucleic Acids ◽

Small Molecules ◽

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

General Idea ◽

Patient Specific ◽

General Character ◽

Induced Pluripotent

The general idea of regenerative medicine is to fix or replace tissues or organs with alive and patient-specific implants. Pluripotent stem cells are capable of indefinite self-renewal and differentiation into all cell types of body with origin from the three germ layers of the developing embryo, therefore they have a potential to play a substantial role in regenerative medicine. Easily accessible source of induced pluripotent stem cells may allow obtaining and culturing tissues in vitro. Many improvements in the methods leading to obtain such cells have been made by various research groups in order to limit immunogenicity and tumorigenesis, increase efficiency and accelerate kinetics. One of the approaches affecting pluripotency is usage of small molecule compounds including RNA-derivatives – nucleosides analogues. It would be great to assess general character of such molecules and reveal their new derivatives or modifications to improve induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogramming efficiency. Understanding the epigenetic changes during cellular reprogramming will extend understanding of stem cell biology and lead to potential therapeutic approaches. In this digest of compounds found in literature as proven or putative inductors of cells’ reprogramming to pluripotency there are compounds that may substitute for transgenic nucleic acids delivery in order to improve time and efficiency of reprogramming. Nucleic acids’ derivatives or modifications of particular atoms or substitutes influence modulating activities of small molecules, especially their inhibiting activity. Due to dosage-dependent effect of small molecules influence on genes, their application concentration needs to be strictly determined.

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Parkinson's disease patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells free of viral reprogramming factors.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1160009.620274 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

John Mullins ◽

Linda Jane Mullins

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Disease Patient ◽

Reprogramming Factors ◽

Induced Pluripotent

Download Full-text

Biological importance of OCT transcription factors in reprogramming and development

Experimental & Molecular Medicine ◽

10.1038/s12276-021-00637-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kee-Pyo Kim ◽

Dong Wook Han ◽

Johnny Kim ◽

Hans R. Schöler

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Transcription Factors ◽

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Ectopic Expression ◽

Donor Cell ◽

Structural Components ◽

Oct4 Expression ◽

Reprogramming Factors ◽

Induced Pluripotent

AbstractEctopic expression of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc can reprogram somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Attempts to identify genes or chemicals that can functionally replace each of these four reprogramming factors have revealed that exogenous Oct4 is not necessary for reprogramming under certain conditions or in the presence of alternative factors that can regulate endogenous Oct4 expression. For example, polycistronic expression of Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc can elicit reprogramming by activating endogenous Oct4 expression indirectly. Experiments in which the reprogramming competence of all other Oct family members tested and also in different species have led to the decisive conclusion that Oct proteins display different reprogramming competences and species-dependent reprogramming activity despite their profound sequence conservation. We discuss the roles of the structural components of Oct proteins in reprogramming and how donor cell epigenomes endow Oct proteins with different reprogramming competences.

Download Full-text