scholarly journals Formal Modeling and Analysis of Fairness Characterization of E-Commerce Protocols

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Chengwei Zhang ◽  
Xiaohong Li ◽  
Jing Hu ◽  
Zhiyong Feng ◽  
Jiaojiao Song
Keyword(s):  
Formal Modeling ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Verification Method ◽  
Space Model ◽  
The Past

In the past, fairness verification of exchanges between the traders in E-commerce was based on a common assumption, so-called nonrepudiation property, which says that if the parties involved can deny that they have received or sent some information, then the exchanging protocol is unfair. So, the nonrepudiation property is not a sufficient condition. In this paper, we formulate a new notion of fairness verification based on the strand space model and propose a method for fairness verification, which can potentially determine whether evidences have been forged in transactions. We first present an innovative formal approach not to depend on nonrepudiation, and then establish a relative trader model and extend the strand space model in accordance with traders’ behaviors of E-commerce. We present a case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of our verification method.

Formal modeling and analysis of resource management for cloud architectures: an industrial case study using Real-Time ABS

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Albert ◽  
Frank S. de Boer ◽  
Reiner Hähnle ◽  
Einar Broch Johnsen ◽  
Rudolf Schlatte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Formal Modeling ◽  
Industrial Case Study ◽  
Modeling And Analysis

Monumentalizing landscape: From present perception to the past meaning of Galician megalithism (north-west Iberian Peninsula)

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Criado Boado ◽  
Victoria Villoch Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
North West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neolithic Europe

The study of landscape as social construction implies considering its economic and territorial dimensions, as much as its symbolic ones. A major topic in such kinds of studies is the reconstruction of the ways in which natural and social space was perceived by past societies. We ought to approach the project of building an archaeology of perception. One of the aims of such a research programme would be the evaluation of the effects of natural and artificial landscape features on past human observers. This paper will argue that a possible strategy for studying these dimensions of past landscapes could be based on the systematic analysis of the visual features of prehistoric monuments and in the characterization of the scenic effects and vistas related to them. A detailed analysis of the pattern of location of megalithic monuments and of their visibility and intervisibility allows us to recognize certain regularities which display an intention to take account of monuments by provoking dramatic artificial effects. In such a way, we could approach a phenomenology of prehistoric perception without falling into merely subjective solutions. This study is based on a systematic review of the megalithic monuments from Sierra de Barbanza (north-west Iberia). Its main aims are: (1) the proposal for a theoretical and methodological study of these phenomena, combined with; (2) a case-study to reconstruct those monumental strategies used to shape cultural landscapes in Neolithic Europe, and; (3) the explanation of continuities and changes of these traditions.

scholarly journals Dental corrosion in preindustrial societies: A case study of a child from “Pedra do Cachorro” dating to 1,470 BP, Northeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Elias Oliveira ◽  
Ana Solari ◽  
Sergio Francisco S.M. Silva ◽  
Gabriela Martin ◽  
Caio Belem Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linear Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Elevated Frequency ◽  
Harris Lines ◽  
Industrial Societies

Systemic vomiting resulting from mental disorders and the high intake of acidic beverage in industrial societies result in a relatively elevated frequency of dental corrosion. In the past, however, this type of chemical dental wear was rather rare. Here we describe the case of a 3-year-old child dated to 1470±30BP from the archaeological site of Pedra do Cachorro (northeastern Brazil) that presents a unique pattern of chemical wearing compatible with dental corrosion. We integrate this observation with a broader characterization of buccal health including caries, periapical lesions, dental calculus and periodontal bone resorption. Osteological markers of physiological imperilments such as linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) and transverse radiopaque lines (Harris lines) are also considered.

scholarly journals Formal Modeling and Analysis of an Audio/Video Protocol: An Industrial Case Study Using UPPAAL

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Havelund ◽  
Arne Skou ◽  
Kim G. Larsen ◽  
Kristian Lund
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Automatic Verification ◽  
Formal Modeling ◽  
Industrial Case Study ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Audio Video ◽  
Assembler Code

A formal and automatic verification of a real-life protocol is presented. The protocol, about 2800 lines of assembler code, has been used in products from the audio/video company Bang & Olufsen throughout more than a decade, and its purpose<br />is to control the transmission of messages between audio/video components over a single bus. Such communications may collide, and one essential purpose of the protocol is to detect such collisions. The functioning is highly dependent on<br />real-time considerations. Though the protocol was known to be faulty in that messages were lost occasionally, the protocol was too complicated in order for Bang & Olufsen to locate the bug using normal testing. However, using the real-time verification<br />tool UPPAAL, an error trace was automatically generated, which caused the detection of “the error” in the implementation. The error was corrected and the correction was automatically proven correct, again using UPPAAL. A future, and more automated, version of the protocol, where this error is fatal, will incorporate the correction. Hence, this work is an elegant demonstration of how model checking has had an impact on practical software development. The effort of modeling this protocol has in addition generated a number of suggestions for enriching the UPPAAL language. Hence, it’s also an excellent example of the reverse impact.

scholarly journals FORMAL MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF ENTITY FRAMEWORK USING ALLOY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Maria Belen Bonino ◽  
Ana Garis ◽  
Daniel Riesco
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Formal Modeling ◽  
Validation And Verification ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
C Language ◽  
Design Defects ◽  
Industrial Adoption ◽  
Agile Software

Formal methods provide multiple benefits when applied in the software development process. For instance, they enable engineers to verify and validate models before working on their implementation, leading to earlier detection of design defects. However, most of them lack flexibility to be applied in agile software development projects.   Alloy is a lightweight formal modeling language with a friendly tool that facilitates the agile approaches application. Unfortunately, its industrial adoption is hampered by the lack of methods and tools for current software development frameworks, such as Entity Framework. This platform is usually chosen by agile projects following the code-first approach that allows automatic generation of a database from domain classes coded in the C# language.  We present a new method and tool for the formal specification and analysis of Entity Framework projects with Alloy. The proposal allows engineers to start the software development using Alloy for modeling, validation and verification, automatically translate Alloy specifications to C# domain classes and then generate the corresponding database with Entity Framework. We validate our approach with a real case study: an application required by a gas supplier company.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Construction of plastic contact deformation maps on ceramics: a case study on aluminum nitride

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
D. L. Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bright Field Image ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Deformation Patterns

Modern polishing, precision machining and microindentation techniques allow the processing and mechanical characterization of ceramics at nanometric scales and within entirely plastic deformation regimes. The mechanical response of most ceramics to such highly constrained contact is not predictable from macroscopic properties and the microstructural deformation patterns have proven difficult to characterize by the application of any individual technique. In this study, TEM techniques of contrast analysis and CBED are combined with stereographic analysis to construct a three-dimensional microstructure deformation map of the surface of a perfectly plastic microindentation on macroscopically brittle aluminum nitride.The bright field image in Figure 1 shows a lg Vickers microindentation contained within a single AlN grain far from any boundaries. High densities of dislocations are evident, particularly near facet edges but are not individually resolvable. The prominent bend contours also indicate the severity of plastic deformation. Figure 2 is a selected area diffraction pattern covering the entire indentation area.

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