The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Microstructural Characterization of In Situ Reaction TiB2/Zn-30Al-1Cu Composites Prepared by Spray Deposition Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 1015 ◽  
pp. 688-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wang ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Bai Qing Xiong ◽  
Yong An Zhang ◽  
Hong Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Deposition Technique ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

An innovative spray deposition technique has been applied to produce in situ TiB2/Zn-30Al-1Cu composites. The microstructures of the spray-deposited composite were studied using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The results have shown that the TiB2particulates are formed in the microstructure. It was found that the TiB2particles were distributed in Zn-30Al-1Cu matrix uniformly, and the TiB2particles are about 2μm in size.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of BiFeO3 Polyhedral Crystallites

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 508-511
Author(s):  
Lin Lin Yang ◽  
Yong Gang Wang ◽  
Yu Jiang Wang ◽  
Xiao Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

BiFeO3 polyhedrons had been successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The as-prepared products were characterized by power X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The possible mechanisms for the formation of BiFeO3 polyhedrons were discussed. Though comparison experiments, it was found that the kind of precursor played a key role on the morphology control of BiFeO3 crystals.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of apatite silicated powders with wet precipitation method

2021 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 00106
Author(s):  
Houda Labjar ◽  
Hassan Chaair
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wet Precipitation ◽  
Scanning Electron

The synthesis of apatite silicated Ca10(PO4)6-x(SiO4)x(OH)2-x (SiHA) with 0≤x≤2 was investigated using a wet precipitation method followed by heat treatment using calcium carbonate CaCO3 and phosphoric acid H3PO4 and silicon tetraacetate SiC8H20O4 (TEOS) in medium of water ethanol, with three different silicate concentrations. After drying, the samples are ground and then characterized by different analytical techniques like X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron Microscopy (SEM) and chemical analysis.

Synthesis and Characterization of the PANI/ITO Conducting Nanocomposites

2010 ◽  
Vol 663-665 ◽  
pp. 542-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Jie Zhu ◽  
Xin Wei Wang ◽  
Mei Fang Zhu ◽  
Qing Hong Zhang ◽  
Yao Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doping Concentration ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Conductivity ◽  
Scanning Electron

The PANI/ITO conducting nanocomposites have been synthesized by in-situ polymerization. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction pattern, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared. Electrical conductivity measurements on the samples pressed into pellets showed that the maximum conductivity attained 2.0 ± 0.05 S/cm for PANI/ITO nanocomposites, at ITO doping concentration of 10 wt%. The results of the present work may provide a simple, rapid and efficient approach for preparing PANI/ITO nanocomposites.

Synthesis and characterization of homogeneous lead-substituted tin oxide with the (110) face of rutile structure

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2076-2079
Author(s):  
Chika Nozaki ◽  
Takashi Yamada ◽  
Kenji Tabata ◽  
Eiji Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rutile Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Synthesis of a rutile-type lead-substituted tin oxide with (110) face was investigated. The characterization was performed by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurements. The homogeneous rutile-type lead-substituted tin oxide was obtained until 4.1 mol% of tin was substituted with lead. The surface of obtained oxide had a homogeneously lead-substituted (110) face.

Morphology of Polyethylene/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Prepared by In Situ Polymerization

2013 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 244-247
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Li Guang Xiao ◽  
Hong Kai Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reflection Peak ◽  
Basal Reflection ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polyethylene/montmorillonite (PE/MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization. The morphology of MMT/MgCl2/TiCl4 catalyst and PE/MMT nanocomposites was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It can be seen that MMT/MgCl2/TiCl4 catalyst remained the original MMT sheet structures and many holes were found in MMT and the morphology of PE/MMT nanocomposites is part of the sheet in the form of existence, as most of the petal structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were carried out to characterize all the samples. XRD results reveal that the original basal reflection peak of PEI1 and PEI2 disappears completely and that of PEI3 become very weak. MMT/MgCl2/TiCl4 catalyst was finely dispersed in the PE matrix. Instead of being individually dispersed, most layers were found in thin stacks comprising several swollen layers.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Nanostructured Hollow MgO Spheres

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Jishuo Han ◽  
Guohua Li ◽  
Lin Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Template Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbon Microsphere ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Nanostructured hollow MgO microspheres were prepared by the template method. First, D-Anhydrous glucose was polymerized by the hydrothermal method to form a template. Second, a colorless solution was obtained by mixing magnesite with hydrochloric acid in a 1:2 proportion and heating in an 80 °C water bath for 2 h. Finally, the template from the first step was placed in the colorless solution, and the resulting precipitate was calcined at 550 °C for 2 h. The phase composition and microstructure of the calcined samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD results indicated that the main crystal is periclase. The SEM results indicates that the template carbon microsphere surface is smooth, and the its size is uniform and concentrated in the range of 100–200 nm. The diameters of the samples range from 60 to 90 nm, which is smaller than the size of the carbon microsphere. The TEM results indicates that the sample is hollow with a shell thickness of about 6–10 nm. The specific surface area of the calcined hollow sphere is 59.5 m²·g−1.

Effect of Au on the Performance of Porous Silicon/V2O5 Nanorods Heterojunctions to NO2 Gas

NANO ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (07) ◽  
pp. 1650079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Yan ◽  
Ming Hu ◽  
Jiran Liang ◽  
Dengfeng Wang ◽  
Yulong Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

A novel composite of Au-functionalized porous silicon (PS)/V2O5 nanorods (PS/V2O5:Au) was prepared to detect NO2 gas. PS/V2O5 nanorods were synthesized by a heating process of pure vanadium film on PS, and then the obtained PS/V2O5 nanorods were functionalized with dispersed Au nanoparticles. Various analytical techniques, such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), have been employed to investigate the properties of PS/V2O5:Au. Herein, the PS/V2O5:Au sample exhibited improved NO2-sensing performances in response, stability and selectivity at room temperature (25[Formula: see text]C), compared with the pure PS/V2O5 nanorods. These phenomena were closely related to not only the dispersed Au nanoparticles acting as a catalyst but also the p-n heterojunctions between PS and V2O5 nanorods. Whereas, more Au nanoparticles suppressed the improvement of response to NO2 gas.

Preparation and Characterization of Quaternary TiZrMnFe Gettering Compound

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 350-355
Author(s):  
Shu Qiu Wang ◽  
Fan Hao Zeng ◽  
Jiang Feng Song ◽  
Xiao Fen Tan ◽  
Lin Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Interplanar Spacing ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ti Content ◽  
Scanning Electron

The quaternary TixZr1-xMnFe gettering alloys (x =0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) were synthesized successfully by arc melting and their phase structures along with microstructures had been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It showed that the addition of Ti did not change the phase structure of ZrMnFe of C14 laves phase. XRD results showed that Ti successfully replaced part of the Zr and the decrease of interplanar spacing had a linear relationship with the increase of Ti content. The success of this trial preparation provides reference for nuclear industry gettering materials.

Microstructural Characterization of a Fe-Based Compostie Reinforced by TiC

2011 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 835-838
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Si Jing Fu ◽  
Hong Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Interfacial Structure ◽  
Synthesis Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Tic Particle ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present work reported the preparation of TiC/Fe-based composite by the synthesis reaction from Ti, C and Fe. The sintered composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. TiC, Fe3C and α-Fe were detected by X-ray diffraction analysis. The scanning and transmission electron micrographs revealed the morphology and distribution of the reinforcements, the microstructure of Fe matrix, the interfacial structure of TiC particle-to-Fe matrix. Moreover, the formation reason of the voids in composite was also discussed.

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