scholarly journals Pyrethroid as a Substance of Abuse

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Pravesh Sharma ◽  
Stephen Manning ◽  
Regina Baronia ◽  
Saira Mushtaq
Keyword(s):  
Urine Drug Screen ◽  
Hot Metal ◽  
Methamphetamine Dependence ◽  
Metal Sheets ◽  
Positive Urine ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hispanic Male ◽  
Substances Of Abuse

This is a case of a 22-year-old Hispanic male with a history of bipolar disorder and methamphetamine dependence who was admitted after presenting with suicidal ideations by slashing his throat with a machete. The patient had been smoking and inhaling “processed” pyrethroid for about eight weeks as an inexpensive methamphetamine substitute. He reported experiencing a “rush” similar to methamphetamine after using pyrethroid from liquid insecticide that had been heated (electrocuted) or sprayed on hot metal sheets until it crystallized. The patient presented with no significant physical markings or findings but claimed to have his suicidal ideations precipitated by concerns of ill effects of pyrethroid on his health. He also had positive urine drug screen for methamphetamine, which he admitted to using on the day of admission. We conclude that it is important for physicians to maintain a high level of suspicion for alternate and uncommon substances of abuse as well as risks for suicidal tendencies in these patients.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Outcomes of Cocaine-Related Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhages

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubakr A. Bajwa ◽  
Scott Silliman ◽  
James D. Cury ◽  
Vandana Seeram ◽  
Adil Shujaat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Drug Screen ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Urine Drug Screen ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Positive Urine ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhages

To date there is only one single-center study that has exclusively reported characteristics, location, and outcomes of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) among cocaine users. We aimed to describe the radiological location and characteristics along with clinical outcomes of spontaneous ICH in a similar population. We conducted a retrospective chart review of consecutive patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital, with a spontaneous ICH, who had a urine drug screen performed within 48 hours of admission. Exposure to cocaine was defined by a positive urine drug screen within 48 hours of hospital admission. Demographics, radiographic features of ICH, and short-term clinical outcomes of patients with a positive urine drug screen were analyzed and compared with the cocaine negative group. Among the 102 patients analyzed, 20 (19.6%) had documented exposure to cocaine. There was a predominance of males in both groups with significantly more Blacks in the cocaine positive group (). A statistically significant number of patients with cocaine use had ICH in a subcortical location () when compared to cocaine negative patients. There was no difference in GCS, ICH volume, intraventricular extension, ICU days, hospital days, hospital cost, mortality, and ICH score. ICH in cocaine use is more frequently seen in the subcortical location.

Cocaine Use in Women From a Defined Population: Prevalence at Delivery and Effects on Growth in Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Weathers ◽  
K. J. Sauvain ◽  
M. M. Crane ◽  
D. W. Blackhurst
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Drug Screen ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Urine Drug Screen ◽  
Urban Hospitals ◽  
Positive Urine ◽  
Urine Drug

Adverse health effects associated with intrauterine cocaine exposure (prematurity and its associated morbidity, intrauterine growth retardation, possible risk of sudden infant death syndrome) are based on studies from large urban hospitals, but few data exist from other sources. The current study, set in a community hospital, was designed to (1) estimate the prevalence of maternal cocaine use at delivery, (2) describe neonatal outcomes, and (3) evaluate physiological growth in exposed children. The study was conducted over 30 months (total births were 14 074) at The Children's Hospital of Greenville Memorial Hospital, the major source of neonatal care for Greenville County, South Carolina (1990 population: 320 000). A child was considered exposed to cocaine if there was documented evidence of use in the mother's medical record or if one member of the pair had a positive urine drug screen. Growth data were abstracted from clinical records. Overall prevalence of exposure was 1.0%. Of the 137 subjects (89, positive urine drug screen; 48 self-reported exposure), 21 (15%, 95% confidence interval, 9% to 21%) were premature (gestational age <37 weeks) and 2 died of sudden infant death syndrome. Mean age- and sex-adjusted percentiles for weight, length, and head circumference increased from 23%, 29%, and 18%, respectively, at birth to 43%, 49%, and 54% in children followed for 12 months; however, 50% of the cohort were lost to follow-up, and these children were smaller at birth than those under active follow-up. Rates of prematurity and infant death were similar to those reported in urban hospitals. These data support the concept that cocaine-exposed children can achieve expected growth levels by 1 year of age.

scholarly journals Phencyclidine Induced Oculogyric Crisis Responding Well to Conventional Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Hassan Tahir ◽  
Vistasp Daruwalla
Keyword(s):  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Urine Drug Screen ◽  
Oculogyric Crisis ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Illicit Drug Abuse ◽  
First Time ◽  
Upward Deviation

Background. Oculogyric crisis is a form of acute dystonic reaction characterized by involuntary upward deviation of eye ball. Its causes are broad with antipsychotics and antiemetics as the most common causes.Case Presentation. A 25-year-old man with the past medical history of marijuana use presented to ED with involuntary upward deviation of eye 1 day after using phencyclidine (PCP) for the first time. He did not have any other symptoms and was hemodynamically stable. All laboratory investigations were normal except urine drug screen which was positive for PCP. Patient was treated with IV diphenhydramine which improved his symptoms.Conclusion. Illicit drug abuse is a growing problem in our society with increasingly more patients presenting to ED with its complications. The differential diagnosis of acute dystonic reactions should be extended to include illicit drugs as the potential cause of reversible acute dystonias especially in high risk patients.

scholarly journals A Case of Levamisole-Induced Agranulocytosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thamer Kassim ◽  
Lakshmi Chintalacheruvu ◽  
Osman Bhatty ◽  
Mohammad Selim ◽  
Osama Diab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Drug Screen ◽  
Urine Drug Screen ◽  
Past Medical History ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
History Of ◽  
Quick Turnaround ◽  
Wbc Count

A sixty-eight-year-old male with a past medical history of recurrent cocaine use presented to the emergency department with recurrent diarrhea and was found to have a white blood cell (WBC) count of 1.9 × 109/L with agranulocytosis (absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 95 cell/mm3). At admission, the patient disclosed that he used cocaine earlier during the day, and a urine drug screen tested positive for this. On hospital day one, the patient was found to have a fever with a maximum temperature of 313.6 K. After ruling out other causes and noting the quick turnaround of his neutropenia after four days of cocaine abstinence, the patient’s neutropenia was attributed to levamisole-adulterated cocaine.

scholarly journals Mexiletine and False Positive Urine Drug Screen for Amphetamine: A Case Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Sumit Sohal ◽  
Mina Sous ◽  
Gauri Pethe ◽  
Shanmugha V. Padmanabhan ◽  
Rajesh Akbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Screen Test ◽  
Drug Screen ◽  
Urine Drug Screen ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Positive Urine ◽  
Urine Drug

Advanced heart failure patients commonly suffer from ventricular arrhythmias which can be managed by antiarrhythmic drugs like mexiletine. These ventricular arrhythmias can be complicated by illicit drug use which alter outcomes and can potentially impact the patient-physician relationship through countertransference. However, mexiletine can lead to false positive urine drug screen testing for amphetamine, and these false-positive urine drug screen test results can affect the decision-making process. Health care providers should be aware of this fact and should either use confirmatory testing or look for confounding compounds in patients who deny using illicit substances and have a positive urine drug screen. Our patient is 64 years old who arrived at the emergency department after experiencing a shock by his intracardiac defibrillator. The patient tested positive for amphetamine on his urine drug screen and was later ruled out by confirmatory quantitative testing.

scholarly journals Can tapentadol cause a false-positive urine drug screen result for amphetamine?

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1174-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schirin Tang ◽  
Michael E. Mullins ◽  
Benjamin M. Braun ◽  
Karl G. Hock ◽  
Mitchell G. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Drug Screen ◽  
Urine Drug Screen ◽  
Screen Result ◽  
Positive Urine ◽  
Urine Drug

Parental Administration of Chemical Agents: A Cause of Apparent Life-Threatening Events

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 772-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald B. Hickson ◽  
William A. Altemeier ◽  
Elaine D. Martin ◽  
Preston W. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Drug Screen ◽  
Urine Drug Screen ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urine Drug Screening

Nine infants with apparent life-threatening events that occurred as a result of poisoning by a caretaker are described. These episodes were characterized by apnea plus some combination of color change, choking or gagging, and abnormal muscle tone. Five of the infants responded to vigorous stimulation, and four required cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Most poisonings (seven infants) were detected by a urine drug screen. Medications detected included acetaminophen, amphetamine, benzodiazepines (two infants), cocaine, codeine, meperidine (two infants), Methadone, phenobarbital, and phenothiazines (three infants). Four infants received two or more drugs. Most perpetrators of the poisonings were mothers (seven) and five of the parents admitted administering the various agents. Reasons for the poisonings included an apparent attempt to harm an infant, the need to sedate a fussy infant, or a gross misunderstanding of the potential risk of various agents to infants. Because no history of drug administration was elicited at the time of hospital admission, six infants might have been discharged with a diagnosis of apnea of infancy had not an attempt been made to investigate the possibility of poisoning. These cases suggest that poisoning by a caretaker should be added to the differential diagnosis of any infant brought to medical attention because of an apparent lifethreatening event and that urine drug screening should be considered in the evaluation.

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