Effects of Various Antiepileptics Used to Alleviate Neuropathic Pain on Compound Action Potential in Frog Sciatic Nerves: Comparison with Those of Local Anesthetics

Antiepileptics used for treating neuropathic pain have various actions including voltage-gated Na+and Ca2+channels, glutamate-receptor inhibition, andGABAA-receptor activation, while local anesthetics are also used to alleviate the pain. It has not been fully examined yet how nerve conduction inhibitions by local anesthetics differ in extent from those by antiepileptics. Fast-conducting compound action potentials (CAPs) were recorded from frog sciatic nerve fibers by using the air-gap method. Antiepileptics (lamotrigine and carbamazepine) concentration dependently reduced the peak amplitude of the CAP (IC50=0.44and 0.50 mM, resp.). Carbamazepine analog oxcarbazepine exhibited an inhibition smaller than that of carbamazepine. Antiepileptic phenytoin (0.1 mM) reduced CAP amplitude by 15%. On the other hand, other antiepileptics (gabapentin, sodium valproate, and topiramate) at 10 mM had no effect on CAPs. The CAPs were inhibited by local anesthetic levobupivacaine (IC50=0.23 mM). These results indicate that there is a difference in the extent of nerve conduction inhibition among antiepileptics and that some antiepileptics inhibit nerve conduction with an efficacy similar to that of levobupivacaine or to those of other local anesthetics (lidocaine, ropivacaine, and cocaine) as reported previously. This may serve to know a contribution of nerve conduction inhibition in the antinociception by antiepileptics.

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Inhibition by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs of compound action potentials in frog sciatic nerve fibers

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.041 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 103 ◽

pp. 326-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rika Suzuki ◽

Tsugumi Fujita ◽

Kotaro Mizuta ◽

Eiichi Kumamoto

Keyword(s):

Sciatic Nerve ◽

Action Potentials ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Compound Action Potentials ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Frog Sciatic Nerve ◽

Compound Action

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Contribution of auditory nerve fibers to compound action potential of the auditory nerve.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718409458.793532897 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

M Charles Liberman

Keyword(s):

Action Potential ◽

Auditory Nerve ◽

Compound Action Potential ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Auditory Nerve Fibers ◽

Compound Action

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Bispectral de-noising of the compound action potential for estimation of the nerve conduction velocity distribution

Medical Engineering & Physics ◽

10.1016/s1350-4533(99)00070-3 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 21 (6-7) ◽

pp. 499-505 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

F.A. Papadopoulou ◽

S.M. Panas

Keyword(s):

Action Potential ◽

Velocity Distribution ◽

Conduction Velocity ◽

Nerve Conduction ◽

Nerve Conduction Velocity ◽

Compound Action Potential ◽

Conduction Velocity Distribution ◽

Compound Action

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Bisphenol A depresses compound action potential of frog sciatic nerve in vitro involving Ca2+-dependent mechanisms

Neuroscience Letters ◽

10.1016/j.neulet.2012.04.044 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 517 (2) ◽

pp. 128-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Abhay K. Pandey ◽

Shripad B. Deshpande

Keyword(s):

Sciatic Nerve ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Action Potential ◽

Compound Action Potential ◽

Frog Sciatic Nerve ◽

Compound Action

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Comparison of Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential Thresholds and Loudness Estimates for the Stimuli Used to Program the Advanced Bionics Cochlear Implant

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology ◽

10.3766/jaaa.21.1.3 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 21 (01) ◽

pp. 016-027 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Eun Kyung Jeon ◽

Carolyn J. Brown ◽

Christine P. Etler ◽

Sara O'Brien ◽

Li-Kuei Chiou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cochlear Implant ◽

Dynamic Range ◽

Compound Action Potential ◽

Behavioral Measures ◽

Speech Processor ◽

Compound Action Potentials ◽

Evoked Compound Action Potential ◽

The Individual ◽

The Relationship ◽

Compound Action

Background: In the mid-1990s, Cochlear Corporation introduced a cochlear implant (CI) to the market that was equipped with hardware that made it possible to record electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) from CI users of all ages. Over the course of the next decade, many studies were published that compared ECAP thresholds with levels used to program the speech processor of the Nucleus CI. In 2001 Advanced Bionics Corporation introduced the Clarion CII cochlear implant (the Clarion CII internal device is also known as the CII Bionic Ear). This cochlear implant was also equipped with a system that allowed measurement of the ECAP. While a great deal is known about how ECAP thresholds compare with the levels used to program the speech processor of the Nucleus CI, relatively few studies have reported comparisons between ECAP thresholds and the levels used to program the speech processor of the Advanced Bionics CI. Purpose: To explore the relationship between ECAP thresholds and behavioral measures of perceptual dynamic range for the range of stimuli commonly used to program the speech processor of the Advanced Bionics CI. Research Design: This prospective and experimental study uses correlational and descriptive statistics to define the relationship between ECAP thresholds and perceptual dynamic range measures. Study Sample: Twelve postlingually deafened adults participated in this study. All were experienced users of the Advanced Bionics CI system. Data Collection and Analysis: ECAP thresholds were recorded using the commercially available SoundWave software. Perceptual measures of threshold (T-level), most comfortable level (M-level), and maximum comfortable level (C-level) were obtained using both “tone bursts” and “speech bursts.” The relationship between these perceptual and electrophysiological variables was defined using paired t-tests as well as correlation and linear regression. Results: ECAP thresholds were significantly correlated with the perceptual dynamic range measures studied; however, correlations were not strong. Analysis of the individual data revealed considerable discrepancy between the contour of ECAP threshold versus electrode function and the behavioral loudness estimates used for programming. Conclusion: ECAP thresholds recorded from Advanced Bionics cochlear implant users always indicated levels where the programming stimulus was audible for the listener. However, the correlation between ECAP thresholds and M-levels (the primary metric used to program the speech processor of the Advanced Bionics CI), while statistically significant, was quite modest. If programming levels are to be determined on the basis of ECAP thresholds, care should be taken to ensure that stimulation is not uncomfortably loud, particularly on the basal electrodes in the array.

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Contribution of auditory nerve fibers to compound action potential of the auditory nerve

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00738.2013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 112 (5) ◽

pp. 1025-1039 ◽

Cited By ~ 109

Author(s):

Jérôme Bourien ◽

Yong Tang ◽

Charlène Batrel ◽

Antoine Huet ◽

Marc Lenoir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Action Potential ◽

Auditory Nerve ◽

Computational Simulation ◽

Round Window ◽

Hearing Threshold ◽

Compound Action Potential ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Auditory Nerve Fibers ◽

Round Window Niche ◽

Compound Action

Sound-evoked compound action potential (CAP), which captures the synchronous activation of the auditory nerve fibers (ANFs), is commonly used to probe deafness in experimental and clinical settings. All ANFs are believed to contribute to CAP threshold and amplitude: low sound pressure levels activate the high-spontaneous rate (SR) fibers, and increasing levels gradually recruit medium- and then low-SR fibers. In this study, we quantitatively analyze the contribution of the ANFs to CAP 6 days after 30-min infusion of ouabain into the round window niche. Anatomic examination showed a progressive ablation of ANFs following increasing concentration of ouabain. CAP amplitude and threshold plotted against loss of ANFs revealed three ANF pools: 1) a highly ouabain-sensitive pool, which does not participate in either CAP threshold or amplitude, 2) a less sensitive pool, which only encoded CAP amplitude, and 3) a ouabain-resistant pool, required for CAP threshold and amplitude. Remarkably, distribution of the three pools was similar to the SR-based ANF distribution (low-, medium-, and high-SR fibers), suggesting that the low-SR fiber loss leaves the CAP unaffected. Single-unit recordings from the auditory nerve confirmed this hypothesis and further showed that it is due to the delayed and broad first spike latency distribution of low-SR fibers. In addition to unraveling the neural mechanisms that encode CAP, our computational simulation of an assembly of guinea pig ANFs generalizes and extends our experimental findings to different species of mammals. Altogether, our data demonstrate that substantial ANF loss can coexist with normal hearing threshold and even unchanged CAP amplitude.

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Inhibition of Fast Nerve Conduction Produced by Analgesics and Analgesic Adjuvants—Possible Involvement in Pain Alleviation

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph13040062 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

Eiichi Kumamoto

Keyword(s):

Action Potential ◽

Nerve Conduction ◽

Compound Action Potential ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

K Channels ◽

Nociceptive Transmission ◽

Voltage Gated ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Antinociceptive Effects ◽

Nociceptive Information

Nociceptive information is transmitted from the periphery to the cerebral cortex mainly by action potential (AP) conduction in nerve fibers and chemical transmission at synapses. Although this nociceptive transmission is largely inhibited at synapses by analgesics and their adjuvants, it is possible that the antinociceptive drugs inhibit nerve AP conduction, contributing to their antinociceptive effects. Many of the drugs are reported to inhibit the nerve conduction of AP and voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels involved in its production. Compound action potential (CAP) is a useful measure to know whether drugs act on nerve AP conduction. Clinically-used analgesics and analgesic adjuvants (opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, α2-adrenoceptor agonists, antiepileptics, antidepressants and local anesthetics) were found to inhibit fast-conducting CAPs recorded from the frog sciatic nerve by using the air-gap method. Similar actions were produced by antinociceptive plant-derived chemicals. Their inhibitory actions depended on the concentrations and chemical structures of the drugs. This review article will mention the inhibitory actions of the antinociceptive compounds on CAPs in frog and mammalian peripheral (particularly, sciatic) nerves and on voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels involved in AP production. Nerve AP conduction inhibition produced by analgesics and analgesic adjuvants is suggested to contribute to at least a part of their antinociceptive effects.

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