scholarly journals Estimating the Occurrence of Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling Associated with “Aoshio” on the Northeast Shore of Tokyo Bay, Japan: An Analytical Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongfan Zhu ◽  
Jingshan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Simple Analytical Model ◽  
Aquatic Animals ◽  
Bottom Oxygen ◽  
Layered Fluid

“Aoshio” in Tokyo Bay is a hydroenvironmental phenomenon in which seawater appears milky blue due to reflection of sunshine off surface water which contains lots of sulfur particles. Its appearance is due to coastal upwelling of bottom oxygen-depleted water, which causes many deaths of shellfish and other aquatic animals around the bay. In this study, we derived some analytical solutions in the context of a two-layered fluid and used them to make a simple analytical model to estimate the occurrence of “Aoshio” phenomenon on the northeast shore of Tokyo Bay. Comparison with observation data suggested that this model was valid to a certain degree.

Qualitative Discussion of Influences of some Factors on the Occurrence of Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling Associated with “Aoshio” on the Northeast Shore of Tokyo Bay Using the Developed Analytical Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 1040-1045
Author(s):  
Zhong Fan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Wind Shear ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Interfacial Friction ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Shear Effect ◽  
Stratification Effect ◽  
Northeasterly Wind ◽  
Qualitative Discussion

An analytical model based on some solutions in the context of a two-layered fluid was developed to estimate the occurrence of northeasterly wind-driven coastal upwelling associated with “Aoshio” on the northeast shore of Tokyo Bay, and its validity was verified by comparing with observation data [1]. In this study, influences of all of the factors incorporated into this analytical model (including densities and thicknesses of the upper and lower layers, the parameter expressing the influences of interfacial friction and bottom friction) on the model are analyzed. The analytical model is found to express the competition between the wind-shear effect and the stratification effect: when the former dominates over the latter, Aoshio will occur on the northeast shore of the bay. The parameter that can be used to characterize the stratification effect can be simply expressed in terms of the product of density contrast and the square of thickness of the upper layer. Using different values of this parameter corresponding to different months in the model can simply estimate in which months it is easy for Aoshio phenomenon to happen on the northeast shore of the bay, and the result is roughly consistent with an observation phenomenon that Aoshio was frequently observed on the northeast shore of the bay in September and May and relatively less observed in June and July during 1978-2010.

The Optimal Wind Direction for the Occurrence of Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling Associated with “Aoshio” on the Southeast Shore of Tokyo Bay

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 1046-1050
Author(s):  
Zhong Fan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Coriolis Force ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Long Channel ◽  
Layered Fluid

Whether the optimal wind direction for the occurrence of wind-driven coastal upwelling associated with "Aoshio" on the southeast shore of Tokyo Bay exists was not clear. In this study, Tokyo Bay was assumed to be a narrow, infinitely long channel with only the southeast shore and the northwest shore being its two boundaries, and the optimal wind direction for coastal upwelling associated with "Aoshio" on the southeast shore of this idealized channel was discussed. It is found that the optimal wind direction varies with wind duration. If wind duration is very short, the optimal wind direction is almost across the channel while, with the increasing wind duration, the optimal wind direction approaches gradually to be along-channel. This transition is attributed to the increasingly important role that played by the Coriolis force in the motion of the two-layered fluid with the increasing wind duration.

scholarly journals Applying a Simple Analytical Solution to Modelling Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling of Two-Layered Fluid at the Head of Tokyo Bay, Japan

Water ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongfan Zhu ◽  
Xiaomei Bai ◽  
Jie Dou ◽  
Pengfei Hei
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Layered Fluid

Convective Losses From Cavity Solar Receivers—Comparisons Between Analytical Predictions and Experimental Results

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Clausing
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Simple Analytical Model ◽  
Refined Model ◽  
Wall Area

Cavity solar receivers are generally believed to have higher thermal efficiencies than external receivers due to reduced losses. A simple analytical model was presented by the author which indicated that the ability to heat the air inside the cavity often controls the convective loss from cavity receivers. Thus, if the receiver contains a large amount of inactive hot wall area, it can experience a large convective loss. Excellent experimental data from a variety of cavity configurations and orientations have recently become available. These data provided a means of testing and refining the analytical model. In this manuscript, a brief description of the refined model is presented. Emphasis is placed on using available experimental evidence to substantiate the hypothesized mechanisms and assumptions. Detailed comparisons are given between analytical predictions and experimental results. Excellent agreement is obtained, and the important mechanisms are more clearly delineated.

Crypto-steady supersonic pressure exchange: A simple analytical model

2008 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongfang Zhang ◽  
Charles A. Garris
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Simple Analytical Model ◽  
Pressure Exchange

Shear transfer strength of uncracked interfaces: A simple analytical model

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 366-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhan Ahmad ◽  
Pradeep Bhargava ◽  
Ajay Chourasia
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Simple Analytical Model ◽  
Shear Transfer

scholarly journals CONTRACTING-OUT OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE COLLECTION SERVICES IN JAPAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (02) ◽  
pp. 443-455
Author(s):  
NORIMICHI MATSUEDA ◽  
JUN’ICHI MIKI
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Simple Analytical Model ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Contracting Out ◽  
Contract Price ◽  
Set Up

We first report three empirical findings from our survey on the contracting-out of municipal waste collection services in Japan: (1) the rate of contracting-out and the contract price are inversely related, (2) this inverse relationship tapers out as the contracting rate becomes sufficiently high, and the contract price even tends to go up as the contracting rate approaches 100% and (3) there is a significant disparity in the contracting rates between the eastern and western parts of Japan. In order to account for these observations, we then set up a simple analytical model and examine its implications. Also, we discuss the issues that a potential hold-up situation could give rise to when the services are completely contracted out to private firms.

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