Transportation of heat and mass of nonlinear mixed convective boundary flow of Casson fluid with generalized Fourier’s and Fick’s laws and stratification effect

The under-consideration article discloses the features of nonlinear mixed convective boundary layer flow of radiative Casson fluid along non-uniform heat source or sink. The generalized Fourier’s and Fick’s laws and thermophoretic effect are taken to analyze the transportation of heat and mass. The stratification and suction/injection effect are also implemented on the boundary of the sheet. The flow modeled equations are converted into system of coupled nonlinear ODEs by adopting similarity variables. These coupled equations are numerically computed with built-in Bvp4c technique. The developing parameters are described graphically via velocity profile, temperature, and concentration distribution. It is worth revealing that the higher values of the Casson fluid parameter and magnetic field parameter retarded the fluid velocity. It is also noticed that strong temperature is achieved for the higher estimation of non-uniform heat source/sink parameter. Further, enhancement is occurred in the shear stresses, by the enlargement of mixed convection and buoyancy ratio parameter.

Assessment of the Design Spectrum with Aggravation Factors by 2D Nonlinear Numerical Analyses: A Case Study in Gemlik Basin, Turkey

The response spectra of multidimensional analyses are compared with the one-dimensional (1D) local models to couple the irregular soil stratification effect in a site. In recent studies, the surface motion spectra ratios of 2D/1D or 3D/1D are defined as spectral aggravation factors for each region in a site. Particularly in alluvial basins, where the soil media is typically formed by fault ruptures or topographic depressions filled with sediments, the inclination of the rock outcrop in the edge of the basin has a considerable effect on the site response, and such effect has not yet been taken into consideration of recent seismic building codes and general engineering applications. In this study, the natural alluvial basin near the North Anatolian Fault in Gemlik, Maramara Region, Turkey, was investigated by 40 seismic site tests and 4 validation borings. The 2D and 1D nonlinear response history analyses in north-south and east-west directions of the Gemlik basin were performed by numerical model on finite difference scheme considering nonlinear elasto-plastic material behaviors and geometric discontinuities. 22 strong ground motions recorded on rock site are excited vertically as SH waves. The numerical results exhibited the narrow basin effects are derived not only by reflection, refraction, and shifting behavior but also by focusing and superposition of the seismic waves propagating from both opposite basin edges. As a result, the site-specific spectral aggravation factors, SAF2D/1D defined by the ratio between the 2D and 1D acceleration response spectra for each period and any location on the site, were proposed for the Gemlik basin. The variations of the aggravation factors were observed as increasing values to 1.2–2.2 on the near edge and basin center.

Evaluation to Prognostic Staging System of Multiple Myeloma in Novel Agent Era

Purpose This study was to evaluate existing staging system of multiple myeloma (MM) in the real world. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 886 newly diagnosed MM from two institutions. Results The overall survival (OS) of eligible patients was 61.0 months. R-ISS held a larger receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) area (0.603) than that of ISS (0.573) and DS staging system (0.567). In the group of immunomodulatory agents-based regimens, the median OS was 92.0 months in R-ISS I, 63.0 months in R-ISS II and 18.0 months in R-ISS III (p<0.0001). In the group of proteasome inhibitors-based regimens, the median OS was 102.0 months in R-ISS I, 63.0 months in R-ISS II and 22.0 months in R-ISS III (p<0.0001). In different subgroups grouped according to Age, HGB, CREA and Ca, R-ISS also had a good stratification effect. Patients in R-ISS II were further analyzed, which accounted for 69.9% of all R-ISS patients. Using univariable and multivariable Cox analysis, Age>65 years (p=0.001), HGB<100g/L (p<0.001), elevated LDH (p=0.001) and Ca (p=0.010) were independent factors indicating worse prognosis for R-ISS II. Conclusion R-ISS remains a valuable staging system in the real world of new drug era. But patients classified in R-ISS II still have large heterogeneity.

E2JSL: Energy Efficient Joint Time Synchronization and Localization Algorithm Using Ray Tracing Model

In underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs), localization and time synchronization are vital services that have been tackled independently. By combining localization and time synchronization, could save nodes energy and improve accuracy jointly. Therefore, it is of great significance to study joint synchronization and localization of underwater sensors with low energy consumption. In this paper, we propose the energy-efficient joint framework of localization and time synchronization, in which the stratification effect is considered by using a ray-tracing approach. Based on Snell’s law, ray tracing is applied to compensate for the variation of sound speed, this is one of the contributions of this article. Another contribution of this article is the iteration process which is used to improve the accuracy of localization and time synchronization. Simulation results show that the proposed joint approach outperforms the existing approaches in both energy efficiency and accuracy. This study also calculates Cramer-Rao lower bound to prove the convergence of the proposed technique along with the calculation of complexity of the proposed algorithm to show that the provided study takes less running time compared to the existing techniques.

Compensatory School Effects and Social Capital

The aim of this study is to explore whether and how school-based social capital (SSC) may increase or reduce inequalities in the academic achievement and well-being of students from different backgrounds (class, gender, and ethnicity). SSC here refers to those qualities of social relationships and the degree of interconnectedness between students, teachers, and parents that can support the educational attainment and social adjustment of young people. As the results of our ethnographic studies indicate, there is a significant association between SSC and school composition—i.e., the class and ethnic background of students in a school. The association indicates the stratification effect of social capital in schools as a predominant pattern. In a school with students from higher socio-economic backgrounds, we observed more qualified and motivated teachers, an intensive parental involvement, and, consequently, more constructive and friendly relationships among students. In contrast, in a school located in a disadvantaged area, the social relations were quite the reverse. We then found a third category. In a school with children from lower social class backgrounds placed in an immigrant-dense area, highly committed school staff were able to create an emotional closeness and trust between them, the pupils, and their parents. School-based social capital in this context introduced a sense of solidarity and created a pro-educational climate.

Model development for simulating mudslide and the case study of the failure of the gypsum tailings dam in East Texas in 1966

Mudslides, avalanches, and mine dam-breaks can be serious disasters and cause severe damages but the detailed flow field description has not been completed yet. This paper developed a modified Bi-viscosity model (MBM) to solve the mudslide flow by adopting Bingham model (BM) and the conventional Bi-viscosity model (CBM). In both CBM and MBM, a yield strain rate is used to identify the plug and liquefied rheological prosperities. In the MBM, an extremely high plug viscosity adopted to represent the stratification effect. BM, CBM, and MBM are integrated into the Splash3D model, which solves Navier-Stokes equations with PLIC-VOF surface-tracking algorithm. The viscosity term is solved by implicit iteration. The model is carefully validated with theoretical results and laboratory data with good agreements. The Splash3D model is then used to study the failure of the gypsum tailings dam in East Texas in 1966, briefed as FGT66. A series of sensitivity analyses on the yield strain rate and grid resolution is performed. The results show that the predicted flood distance and flood speed by MBM is very close to the field data. The MBM results illustrate the process that the plug zone and liquefied zone is developed. The simulations show the initiation of the mudslide flow, the development of the slip surface, the flooding process, and the velocity ceasing process. The slip surface is developed automatically without empirical equations. By comparing the results of BM, CBM, and MBM to the field data, we conclude that the liquefied tailings are under the effect of stratification, and the stratification effect is presented in the extremely high plug viscosity in the Splash3D model.