scholarly journals A Correlated Model for Evaluating Performance and Energy of Cloud System Given System Reliability

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongli Zhang ◽  
Panpan Li ◽  
Zhigang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Task Completion Time ◽  
Hardware Failure ◽  
And Task

The serious issue of energy consumption for high performance computing systems has attracted much attention. Performance and energy-saving have become important measures of a computing system. In the cloud computing environment, the systems usually allocate various resources (such as CPU, Memory, Storage, etc.) on multiple virtual machines (VMs) for executing tasks. Therefore, the problem of resource allocation for running VMs should have significant influence on both system performance and energy consumption. For different processor utilizations assigned to the VM, there exists the tradeoff between energy consumption and task completion time when a given task is executed by the VMs. Moreover, the hardware failure, software failure and restoration characteristics also have obvious influences on overall performance and energy. In this paper, a correlated model is built to analyze both performance and energy in the VM execution environment given the reliability restriction, and an optimization model is presented to derive the most effective solution of processor utilization for the VM. Then, the tradeoff between energy-saving and task completion time is studied and balanced when the VMs execute given tasks. Numerical examples are illustrated to build the performance-energy correlated model and evaluate the expected values of task completion time and consumed energy.

scholarly journals Energy Saving Schemes for Scalable Mobile Computing Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Alnoman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Mobile Users ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Network Scalability

With the growing popularity of smart applications that contain computing-intensive tasks, the provision of radio and computing resources with high quality is becoming more and more challenging. Moreover, supporting network scalability is crucial to accommodate the massive numbers of connected devices. In this thesis, we present effective energy saving strategies that consider the utilization of network elements such as base stations and virtual machines, and implement on/off mechanisms taking into account the quality of service (QoS) required by mobile users. Moreover, we investigate the performance of a NOMA-based resource allocation scheme in the context of Internet of Things aiming to improve network scalability and reduce the energy consumption of mobile users. The system model is mainly built upon the M/M/k queueing system that has been widely used in most relevant works. First, the energy saving mechanism is formulated as a 0-1 knapsack problem where the weight and value of each small base station is determined by the utilization and proportion of computing tasks at that base station, respectively. The problem is then solved using the dynamic programming approach which showed significant energy saving performance while maintaining the cloud response time at desired levels. Afterwards, the energy saving mechanism is applied on edge computing to reduce the amount of under-utilized virtual machines in edge devices. Herein, the square-root staffing rule and the Halfin-Whitt function are used to determine the minimum number of virtual machines required to maintain the queueing probability below a threshold value. On the user level, reducing energy consumption can be achieved by maximizing data rate provision to reduce the task completion time, and hence, the transmission energy. Herein, a NOMA-based scheme is introduced, particularly, the sparse code multiple access (SCMA) technique that allows subcarriers to be shared by multiple users. Not only does SCMA help provide higher data rates but also increase the number of accommodated users. In this context, a power optimization and codebook allocation problems are formulated and solved using the water-filling and heuristic approaches, respectively. Results show that SCMA can significantly improve data rate provision and accommodate more mobile users with improved user satisfaction.

Effects of Brake Pedal Horizontal Location of Hospital Beds on Force Exertions and Work Efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009
Author(s):  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Neal Wiggermann
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Brake Pedal ◽  
Work Efficiency ◽  
Task Completion Time ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
Hospital Bed ◽  
And Task

The brake pedal on hospital beds is critical during bed maneuvering, however, substantial force and awkward postures are usually required during pedal engagement tasks. Nine professional caregivers were recruited to investigate how brake pedal horizontal location affected maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force, acceptable force to engage the pedal (AFE), force efficiency and task completion time. The results demonstrated reduced MVC, AFE and force efficiency whereas increased task completion time with greater pedal depths. Pedal depth was significantly correlated with MVC, force efficiency and task completion time and these correlations are moderate (0.25≤r<0.50) or good (0.50≤r<075). These findings provide important information for hospital bed design.

Age-Related Decrements in Automobile Instrument Panel Task Performance

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Hayes ◽  
Ko Kurokawa ◽  
Walter W. Wierwille
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Instrument Panel ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Task Completion Time ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Instrumented Vehicle ◽  
And Task

This research was undertaken, in part, to determine the magnitudes of performance decrements associated with automotive instrument panel tasks as a function of driver age. Driver eye scanning and dwell time measures and task completion measures were collected while 24 drivers aged 18 to 72 performed a variety of instrument panel tasks as each drove an instrumented vehicle along preselected routes. The results indicated a monotonically increasing relationship between driver age and task completion time and the number of glances to the instrument panel. Mean glance dwell times, either to the roadway or the instrument, were not significantly different among the various age groups. The nature of these differences for the various task categories used in the present study was examined.

A Taxonomy for Secondary In-Vehicle Tasks Based on Eye Glance and Task completion Time

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (22) ◽  
pp. 1975-1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myra Blanco ◽  
Jonathan M. Hankey ◽  
Jacqueline A. Chestnut
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Task Completion Time ◽  
And Task

The objective of this research was to develop an initial taxonomy that grouped similar secondary in-vehicle tasks based on driving-related performance measures. This type of taxonomy would be useful to system designers when developing in-vehicle tasks and to researchers. Research was conducted using 2 infotainment systems, 17 tasks, and 89 participants to develop and validate an initial taxonomy. The results indicate that the 17 tasks could be parsed into four distinct groups ranging from selecting an AM band to destination entry. The groupings are based on number of glances and task completion time, which provided the best separation between the groups and consistent results for both static and dynamic testing.

Energy and task completion time trade-off for task offloading in fog-enabled IoT networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 101395
Author(s):  
Om-Kolsoom Shahryari ◽  
Hossein Pedram ◽  
Vahid Khajehvand ◽  
Mehdi Dehghan TakhtFooladi
Keyword(s):  
Completion Time ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Task Completion Time ◽  
And Task ◽  
Task Offloading

scholarly journals A Pilot Study of the Effects of Pulley Location and Design Parameters on Hand Movements during Pulley Threading Operations

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 908-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin M. Haney ◽  
Mary Owczarczak ◽  
Clive D’Souza ◽  
Monica L. H. Jones ◽  
Matthew P. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Completion Time ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Task Completion Time ◽  
Hand Motion ◽  
Motion Trajectories ◽  
And Task

Three healthy individuals participated in a laboratory experiment that required routing a thin continuous thread through a series of pulleys mounted on a vertical work surface. Task precision demand was manipulated by altering pulley outer diameter (38 mm, 76 mm, and 152 mm) and groove width (3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm). The target location of each destination pulley relative to the origin at the mid-sagittal plane was also manipulated. These factors were hypothesized to influence hand motion trajectories, peak speed, and task completion time. Smaller pulley diameters and larger groove widths, representing lower precision demands, were associated with smoother trajectories and a faster task completion time. These preliminary findings suggest a systematic influence of task precision demands on movement kinematics and task performance.

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