scholarly journals Dramatic Increase in Cerebral Blood Flow following Soman Intoxication If Signs of Symptoms Can Be Seen

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Göransson Nyberg ◽  
Gudrun E. Cassel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Organophosphate Poisoning ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Anaesthetized Rats ◽  
Compound Exposure ◽  
Treat All ◽  
Blood Flow Measurements

Organophosphate poisoning is associated with adverse effects on the central nervous system such as seizure/convulsive activity and long term changes in neuronal networks. This study report an investigation designed to assess the consequences of Soman, a highly toxic organophosphorus compound, exposure on regional blood flow in the rat brain and peripheral organs. We performed repeated blood flow measurements in the same animal, using the microspheres technique, to characterize changes in regional blood flow at different times after Soman intoxication. In addition, the cardiopulmonary effects of Soman were followed during the intoxication. Administration of Soman (1 LD50; 90 µg/kg, s.c.) to anaesthetized rats produced a decrease in blood acetylcholinesterase activity in all animals tested. Although, only six out of ten rats showed signs of poisoning like a decrease in respiratory rate, the results show that only animals with significant signs of poisoning demonstrated an increase in cerebral blood flow. We conclude that it is of great importance to treat all data individually. An overall mean can easily be misinterpreted and conceal important effects. We also conclude that the increase in cerebral blood flow has an important role in the effect on respiration and that this effect is independent of the blood acetylcholinesterase activity.

Clinical Utility of Quantitative Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements during Internal Carotid Artery Test Occlusions

Neurosurgery ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 996-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph S. Marshall ◽  
Ronald M. Lazar ◽  
William L. Young ◽  
Robert A. Solomon ◽  
Shailendra Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Blood Flow Measurements

Hybrid blood flow probe for simultaneous H2 clearance and laser-Doppler velocimetry

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (4) ◽  
pp. G573-G581 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. DiResta ◽  
J. W. Kiel ◽  
G. L. Riedel ◽  
P. Kaplan ◽  
A. P. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Laser Doppler Velocimetry ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Doppler Velocimetry ◽  
Flow Probe ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Blood Flow Measurements ◽  
Light Guides ◽  
The Relationship

To perform two independent regional blood flow measurements in tissue volumes of similar dimensions, we designed a hybrid blood flow probe capable of measuring regional perfusion by both laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and H2 clearance. The probe consisted of two fiber-optic light guides to conduct light between the surface of tissue of interest and a laser-Doppler blood flowmeter. Also contained within the probe were a platinum 25-microns H2-sensing electrode and a 125-microns H2-generating electrode. The probe can thus be used to measure local perfusion with H2 clearance. The H2 can either be inhaled or can be generated electrochemically at the locus of interest. Evaluation of the probe in the canine gastric mucosa indicated 1) that the relationship between mucosal flow measurements made simultaneously with H2 clearance and LDV was highly significant and linear and 2) that H2 clearance could potentially be used to calibrate the laser-Doppler blood flowmeter in absolute units. The methods of constructing the flow probes are discussed in detail.

Cerebral Vasoreactivity Assessed With Transcranial Doppler and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements

Stroke ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2302-2306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arve Dahl ◽  
David Russell ◽  
Kjell Rootwelt ◽  
Rolf Nyberg-Hansen ◽  
Emilia Kerty
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Transcranial Doppler ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Blood Flow Measurements ◽  
Cerebral Vasoreactivity

scholarly journals Improved brain perfusion after electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation

EP Europace ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Gardarsdottir ◽  
Sigurdur Sigurdsson ◽  
Thor Aspelund ◽  
Valdis Anna Gardarsdottir ◽  
Lars Forsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Flow Measurements

Abstract Aims Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been associated with reduced brain volume, cognitive impairment, and reduced cerebral blood flow. The causes of reduced cerebral blood flow in AF are unknown, but no reduction was seen in individuals without the arrhythmia in a previous study. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that brain perfusion, measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), improves after cardioversion of AF to sinus rhythm (SR). Methods and results All patients undergoing elective cardioversion at our institution were invited to participate. A total of 44 individuals were included. Magnetic resonance imaging studies were done before and after cardioversion with both brain perfusion and cerebral blood flow measurements. However, 17 did not complete the second MRI as they had a recurrence of AF during the observation period (recurrent AF group), leaving 17 in the SR group and 10 in the AF group to complete both measurements. Brain perfusion increased after cardioversion to SR by 4.9 mL/100 g/min in the whole brain (P < 0.001) and by 5.6 mL/100 g/min in grey matter (P < 0.001). Cerebral blood flow increased by 58.6 mL/min (P < 0.05). Both brain perfusion and cerebral blood flow remained unchanged when cardioversion was unsuccessful. Conclusion In this study of individuals undergoing elective cardioversion for AF, restoration, and maintenance of SR for at least 10 weeks after was associated with an improvement of brain perfusion and cerebral blood flow measured by both arterial spin labelling and phase contrast MRI. In those individuals where cardioversion was unsuccessful, there was no change in perfusion or blood flow.

Usefulness of Intravascular Doppler Flow Measurements in Cerebral Endovascular Treatment

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fukui ◽  
M. Negoro ◽  
I. Takahashi ◽  
K. Fukasaku ◽  
K. Nakabayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Sonography ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Doppler Flow ◽  
Carotid Stenoses ◽  
Blood Flow Measurements ◽  
Carotid Cavernous Fistulas

Measurement of cerebral blood flow in cerebral endovascular procedures is useful for the assessment of treatment effects. We used transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) and Doppler guide wires (SmartWire®, Cardiometrics Co.) in intravascular treatment. The cases were 6 brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM), 2 carotid cavernous fistulas (CCF), 2 facial angiomas, and 2 carotid stenoses. Intravascular cerebral blood flow measurements with the SmartWire were performed during the endovascular procedure. TCD was used pre- and post-endovascular treatment, and velocity, pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) were compared with the SmartWire. For both TCD and SmartWire, blood velocity of the main artery decreased, and PI and RI were improved after embolisation of AVM. In angioplasty cases, post stenotic flow velocity, as measured by SmartWire, was improved, and the flow of MCA measured with TCD was also improved after treatment. The SmartWire is useful to assess cerebral blood flow changes during the neuroendovascular procedure. Combined with repeated follow up with TCD, Doppler flow measurements are useful to assess the effect of endovascular treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document