scholarly journals Insects’ RNA Profiling Reveals Absence of “Hidden Break” in 28S Ribosomal RNA Molecule of Onion Thrips,Thrips tabaci

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaline Wanjiru Macharia ◽  
Fidelis Levi Ombura ◽  
Erick Onyango Aroko
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Rna Integrity ◽  
Rna Profiling ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Banding Profile ◽  
Rrna Sequences

With an exception of aphids, insects’ 28S rRNA is thought to harbor a “hidden break” which cleaves under denaturing conditions to comigrate with 18S rRNA band to exhibit a degraded appearance on native agarose gels. The degraded appearance confounds determination of RNA integrity in laboratories that rely on gel electrophoresis. To provide guidelines for RNA profiles, RNA from five major insect orders, namely, Diptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera, was compared under denaturing and nondenaturing conditions. This study confirmed that although present in most of insect’s RNA, the “hidden break” is absent in the 28S rRNA of onion thrips,Thrips tabaci. On the other hand, presence of “hidden break” was depicted in whiteflies’ 28S rRNA despite their evolutionary grouping under same order with aphids. Divergence of 28S rRNA sequences confirms variation of both size and composition of gap region among insect species. However, phylogeny reconstruction does not support speciation as a possible source of the hidden break in insect’s 28S rRNA. In conclusion, we show that RNA from a given insect order does not conform to a particular banding profile and therefore this approach cannot be reliably used to characterize newly discovered species.

scholarly journals Investigations of Thrips tabaci and Aeolothrips intermedius population dynamics in tobacco plantations

2018 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Szilvia Orosz ◽  
László Bujdos ◽  
Lajos Varga ◽  
Tibor Fekete
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Proper Timing ◽  
Yellow Sticky Traps

Studies were conducted between 2015 and 2017 with yellow sticky traps in seven tobacco plantations. The purpose was to determine when and in what numbers onion thrips individuals can settle into tobacco plantations. The primary objective of the study was to determine the proper timing of chemical treatments, furthermore, the determination of crucial factors that can influence the population dynamics of Thrips tabaci.

scholarly journals Computational discovery of hidden breaks in 28S ribosomal RNAs across eukaryotes and consequences for RNA Integrity Numbers

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paschalis Natsidis ◽  
Philipp H. Schiffer ◽  
Irepan Salvador-Martínez ◽  
Maximilian J. Telford
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Ribosomal Rnas ◽  
Rna Integrity ◽  
Computational Discovery

AbstractIn some eukaryotes, a ‘hidden break’ has been described in which the 28S ribosomal RNA molecule is cleaved into two subparts. The break is common in protostome animals (arthropods, molluscs, annelids etc.), but a break has also been reported in some vertebrates and non-metazoan eukaryotes. We present a new computational approach to determine the presence of the hidden break in 28S rRNAs using mapping of RNA-Seq data. We find a homologous break is present across protostomes although it has been lost in a small number of taxa. We show that rare breaks in vertebrate 28S rRNAs are not homologous to the protostome break. A break is found in just 4 out of 331 species of non-animal eukaryotes studied and, in three of these, the break is located in the same position as the protostome break suggesting a striking instance of convergent evolution. RNA Integrity Numbers (RIN) rely on intact 28S rRNA and will be consistently underestimated in the great majority of animal species with a break.

Determination of beginning of bulb enlargement time in shallot, Allium cepa var aggregatum for managing onion thrips ( Thrips tabaci )

2017 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tebkew Damte ◽  
Getachew Tabor ◽  
Mesfin Haile ◽  
Geteneh Mitiku ◽  
Tewodros Lulseged
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Onion Thrips

scholarly journals Computational discovery of hidden breaks in 28S ribosomal RNAs across eukaryotes and consequences for RNA Integrity Numbers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paschalis Natsidis ◽  
Philipp H. Schiffer ◽  
Irepan Salvador-Martínez ◽  
Maximilian J. Telford
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Ribosomal Rnas ◽  
Rna Integrity ◽  
Computational Discovery

ABSTRACTIn some eukaryotes, a ‘hidden break’ has been described in which the 28S ribosomal RNA molecule is cleaved into two subparts. The break is common in protostome animals (arthropods, molluscs, annelids etc.) but a break has also been reported in some vertebrates and non-metazoan eukaryotes. We present a new computational approach to determine the presence of the hidden break in 28S rRNAs using mapping of RNA-Seq data. We find a homologous break is present across protostomes although has been lost in a small number of taxa. We show that rare breaks in vertebrate 28S rRNAs are not homologous to the protostome break. A break is found in just 4 out of 331 species of non-animal eukaryotes studied and three of these are located in the same position as the protostome break suggesting a striking instance of convergent evolution. RNA Integrity Numbers (RIN) rely on intact 28s rRNA and will be consistently underestimated in the great majority of animal species with a break.

Eliminating Thrips in Microshoot Cultures

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 506d-506
Author(s):  
Robert R. Tripepi ◽  
Holly J. Schwager ◽  
Mary W. George ◽  
Joseph P. McCaffrey
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Tissue Culture Media ◽  
Plant Tissue Cultures

Two insecticides, acephate or azadirachtin, were added to tissue culture media to determine their effectiveness in controlling onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman.) and to determine if these insecticides could damage the plant shoot cultures. To test for insecticide phytotoxicity, microshoots from European birch (Betula pendula), American elm (Ulmus americana), `Pink Arola' chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora), `America' rhododendron (Rhododendron catawbiense), `Golden Emblem' rose (Rosa hybrida), and `Gala' apple (Malus domestica) were placed in 130-ml baby food jars containing 25 ml of medium supplemented with 6.5, 13, or 26 mg/l Orthene® (contained acephate) or 0.55, 1.1, or 2.2 ml/l Azatin® (contained azadirachtin). Control jars lacked insecticide. To test for thrips control, 13 mg/l Orthene® or 0.55 ml/l Azatin® was added to Murashige and Skoog medium, and 10 thrips were placed on `Gala' apple microshoots in each jar. Jars were sealed with plastic wrap. In both studies, microshoot dry weight and heights were determined. In the second study, the total number of thrips per jar was also determined 3 weeks after inoculation. Microshoots on Orthene®-treated media lacked phytotoxicity symptoms, regardless of the concentration used. In contrast, Azatin® hindered plant growth, decreasing shoot height or dry weight by up to 85% depending on the species. Both insecticides prevented thrips populations from increasing, since less than 10 thrips were found in jars with insecticide-treated medium. Control jars, however, contained an average of almost 70 thrips per jar. This study demonstrated that both Orthene® and Azatin® were effective for eradicating thrips from plant tissue cultures, but Orthene® should probably be used because Azatin® was phytotoxic to all species tested.

Phylogenetic assessment of five filamentous bacteria isolated from bulking activated sludges

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Howarth ◽  
I. M. Head ◽  
R. F. Unz
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probe ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Common Ancestry ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Axenic Strains ◽  
Rrna Sequences

Nearly complete 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences were determined for fully characterised axenic strains of Thiothrix, Eikelboom type O21N, and Eikelboom type 1701 originally isolated from bulking activated sludges. Thiothrix strains formed a monophyletic group (100% bootstrap support) with previously described Thiothrix nivea strain JP2 and Thiothrix ramosa. Eikelboom type O21N strain AP3 revealed a sufficiently strong relationship to the Thiothrix group to suggest a common ancestry for the two organism although it was not possible to designate type 021N as a species of Thiothrix. Eikelboom type 1701 contained within its sequence the target sequence of an oligonucleotide probe for the detection of Sphaerotilus natans.

Phylogeny of hymenolepidids (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) from mammals: sequences of 18S rRNA and COI genes confirm major clades revealed by the 28S rRNA analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Neov ◽  
G.P. Vasileva ◽  
G. Radoslavov ◽  
P. Hristov ◽  
D.T.J. Littlewood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Host Switching ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Rapid Radiation ◽  
18S Rrna Genes

Abstract The aim of the study is to test a hypothesis for the phylogenetic relationships among mammalian hymenolepidid tapeworms, based on partial (D1–D3) nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, by estimating new molecular phylogenies for the group based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and nuclear 18S rRNA genes, as well as a combined analysis using all three genes. New sequences of COI and 18S rRNA genes were obtained for Coronacanthus integrus, C. magnihamatus, C. omissus, C. vassilevi, Ditestolepis diaphana, Lineolepis scutigera, Spasskylepis ovaluteri, Staphylocystis tiara, S. furcata, S. uncinata, Vaucherilepis trichophorus and Neoskrjabinolepis sp. The phylogenetic analyses confirmed the major clades identified by Haukisalmi et al. (Zoologica Scripta 39: 631–641, 2010): Ditestolepis clade, Hymenolepis clade, Rodentolepis clade and Arostrilepis clade. While the Ditestolepis clade is associated with soricids, the structure of the other three clades suggests multiple evolutionary events of host switching between shrews and rodents. Two of the present analyses (18S rRNA and COI genes) show that the basal relationships of the four mammalian clades are branching at the same polytomy with several hymenolepidids from birds (both terrestrial and aquatic). This may indicate a rapid radiation of the group, with multiple events of colonizations of mammalian hosts by avian parasites.

Asian Betylobraconinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), with description of a new genus and phylogenetic affinities of the tribe Facitorini

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Sáez ◽  
Kaoru Maeto ◽  
Alejandro Zaldivar-Riverón ◽  
Sergey Belokobylskij
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Rrna Sequences

AbstractThe taxonomy of the Asian genera of the subfamily Betylobraconinae, a small and understudied group within the hymenopteran family Braconidae, is revised. A new genus exclusively from the Asian region, Asiabregma gen. nov., containing three species (A. ryukyuensis sp. nov. (type species, Japan and Malaya), A. makiharai sp. nov. (Japan) and A. sulaensis (van Achterberg), comb. nov. (Indonesia)) is described. One new species of Aulosaphobracon, A. striatus sp. nov. from Vietnam, and one of Facitorus, F. amamioshimus sp. nov. from Japan, are also described. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses using COI mtDNA and 28S rRNA sequences, the three genera previously placed in the tribe Facitorini, Facitorus, Conobregma and Jannya, together with Asiabregma gen. nov., are transferred to the rogadine tribe Yeliconini.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document