scholarly journals Unexplained Portal Gas in a Patient with an Esophageal Ulcer

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Samiksha Gupta ◽  
Balaram Krishna Surapaneni ◽  
Rakesh Vinayek ◽  
Sudhir K. Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Past History ◽  
Esophageal Ulcer ◽  
Portal Venous Gas ◽  
Abdomen Ct ◽  
Emphysematous Gastritis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gastric Emphysema

Emphysematous gastritis is the infection of gastric mucosa by gas producing microorganisms. It is a rare infection with less than 100 cases reported in the literature. The association of portal venous gas along with emphysematous gastritis is a rare entity. The concomitant portal venous gas worsens the outcome and warrant for surgical treatment. Our case has portal venous gas on CT scan along with suspicion of emphysematous gastritis and an esophageal ulcer on upper GI endoscopy. Medical treatment was given in our case of portal venous gas with the esophageal ulcer. Our case is unique because our patient responded to the conservative management. The patient presented with past history of polysubstance abuse and chronic kidney disease presented with symptoms of acute abdomen. CT scan revealed portal venous gas and suspicion of gastric emphysema. In addition, few foci of gas are seen along the vessels traversing between the stomach and liver. Endoscopy with gastric mucosa biopsy showed Candida albicans. Subsequently, antifungals were started. There was improvement in clinical condition of the patient. We, hereby, also summarize all the reported cases of emphysematous gastritis with treatment and outcome in each case. There has been change in trend from surgical to medical treatment.

scholarly journals Congenital Toxoplasmosis presenting as multiple ring enhancing lesions in brain on neuroimaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2020
Author(s):  
Pareshkumar A. Thakkar ◽  
Aakashi Shah ◽  
Bakul B. Javadekar ◽  
Saurabh Modasia
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Past History ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Cellular Reaction ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Elevated Protein ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiple Ring

We report a case of congenital toxoplasmosis in a male child who presented at 1 month 21 days of life. He had a past history of meningitis on third day of life which resolved with intravenous antibiotics. This time, the child presented with progressive enlargement of head and CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) showed elevated protein levels with cellular reaction and CT scan showed dilated ventricular system with aqueductal obstruction and multiple ring-enhancing lesions in bifrontal and bioccipital regions with a right porencephalic cyst. Repeat CSF after 14 days of intravenous antibiotics showed elevated protein with no cellular reaction. Fundus examination was normal. Toxoplasma blood serology (IgG and IgM) in baby and mother were positive. The child received treatment with Pyrimethamine, Clindamycin, Folinic acid and Prednisolone. CSF parameters got normalized and multiple ring-enhancing lesions disappeared on repeat CT scan. He underwent a Ventriculo-Peritoneal shunt surgery for the hydrocephalus and was discharged in a stable condition.

scholarly journals Resection of a colonic mass following trauma: a diagnostic dilemma

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Burchard ◽  
Alan A Thomay
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Abdomen Ct ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mitotic Figures ◽  
The Right

Abstract A 53-year-old Caucasian male presented with a 2-week history of abdominal distension, pain, nausea and lethargy. His symptoms began 1 day after an all-terrain vehicle accident during which he suffered blunt-force trauma to his mid-right abdomen. CT scan demonstrated abnormal thickening of the ascending colon and terminal ilium with surrounding inflammation within the retroperitoneum and colonic mesentery. Given his likely mechanism and symptomatic improvement, he was initially managed conservatively. However, he was readmitted with recurrence of symptoms, and a repeat CT scan demonstrated no interval improvement. An exploratory laparotomy was performed and a firm, fixed mass of the right-colon and colonic mesentery was found. Final histopathology of the mass revealed a diffuse lymphoid infiltrate with numerous mitotic figures and apoptotic cells. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD45, CD20, CD10, and BCL-6 and negative for CD3, TdT, and BCL-2, indicating a diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma.

scholarly journals Symptomatic, radiological profile of patients with endobronchial aspergilosis: a descriptive study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3598
Author(s):  
Abdul Azeez A. M. ◽  
Deepak U. G.
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Past History ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Tracheobronchial Tree ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Fibreoptic Bronchoscopy ◽  
Fungus Ball ◽  
Rare Manifestation ◽  
Respiratory Pathology ◽  
History Of

Background: Aspergillosis is a common presentation, involving respiratory system and is usually seen as a fungus ball that colonizes and grows into a pre-existing lung cavity, in the majority of cases secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis (PT). An endobronchial aspergilloma (EBA) is a rare disease, and another, but unusual, presentation of aspergillosis, characterized by the growth of Aspergillus species into the bronchial lumen. These two different presentations of aspergillosis can co-exist in the same patient. endobronchial aspergillosis, a variant of invasive aspergillus tracheobronchitis, a rare manifestation, where disease is limited to tracheobronchial tree without invasion of lung parenchyma and in many cases incidentally diagnosed, in a patient who had undergone a bronchoscopy to investigate haemoptysis, or for another reason.Methods: Patients who were attending respiratory OPD with symptoms of cough with expectoration with immune compromised status or previous history of tuberculosis with abnormal chest X-ray were subjected to chest CT scan, with abnormal endobronchial mass in CT scan were further investigated with fibreoptic bronchoscopy and histopathological examination.Results: 16 patients were diagnosed as endobronchial aspergilloma of which 11 patients were having past history of tuberculosis, 9 patients were having type 2 diabetes mellitus on treatment, 2 were having cardiac disease.Conclusions: IATB is a rare manifestation caused by Aspergillus species affecting people with immunocompromised status or previous respiratory pathology like tuberculosis leading to formation of mass like growth obstructing the airway lead to respiratory distress and it should be taken as differential diagnosis in patients with previous respiratory pathology presented with mass like growth in bronchi.

scholarly journals Vomiting-Induced Gastric Emphysema and Hepatoportal Venous Gas: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malav P. Parikh ◽  
Muhammed Sherid ◽  
Venu Ganipisetti ◽  
Venu Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Maria Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Benign Disease ◽  
Radiological Sign ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Surgical Exploration ◽  
Emphysematous Gastritis ◽  
Gastric Emphysema

Gastric pneumatosis is the presence of air within the wall of the stomach. It represents a spectrum of conditions ranging from benign disease to septic shock and death. Etiopathologically, it can be classified into emphysematous gastritis or gastric emphysema (GE). Along with hepatoportal venous gas (HPVG), it was considered as an ominous radiological sign and warranted an emergent surgical exploration; however, with widespread use of computerized tomographic (CT) scan, an increasing number of benign causes of GE and HPVG have been reported in the literature, where patients can be managed by noninvasive and conservative measures. We hereby describe a case where recurrent episodes of vomiting led to development of GE and HPVG and the patient was managed successfully by conservative measures.

PREVALENCE AND RELATED FACTORS OF POSTNATAL DEPRESSION IN HIV INFECTED WOMEN

2014 ◽  
pp. 140-152
Author(s):  
Manh Hoan Nguyen ◽  
Ngoc Thanh Cao
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Past History ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

Background and Objective: HIV infection is also a cause of postpartum depression, however, in Vietnam, there has not yet the prevalence of postpartum depression in HIV infected women. The objective is to determine prevalence and related factors of postpartum depression in HIV infected women. Materials and Methods: From November 30th, 2012 to March 30th, 2014, a prospective cohort study is done at Dong Nai and Binh Duong province. The sample includes135 HIV infected women and 405 non infected women (ratio 1/3) who accepted to participate to the research. We used “Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) as a screening test when women hospitalized for delivery and 1 week, 6weeks postpartum. Mother who score EPDS ≥ 13 are likely to be suffering from depression. We exclude women who have EPDS ≥ 13 since just hospitalize. Data are collected by a structural questionaire. Results: At 6 weeks postpartum, prevalence of depression in HIV infected women is 61%, in the HIV non infected women is 8.7% (p < 0.001). There are statistical significant differences (p<0.05) between two groups for some factors: education, profession, income, past history of depression, child’s health, breast feeding. Logistical regression analysis determine these factors are related with depression: late diagnosis of HIV infection, child infected of HIV, feeling guilty of HIV infected and feeling guilty with their family. Multivariate regression analysis showed 4 factors are related with depression: HIV infection, living in the province, child’s health, past history of depression. Conclusion: Prevalence of postpartum depression in HIV infected women is 61.2%; risk of depression of postnatal HIV infected women is 6.4 times the risk of postnatal HIV non infected women, RR=6.4 (95% CI:4.3 – 9.4). Domestic women have lower risk than immigrant women from other province, RR=0.72 (95% CI:0.5 – 0.9). Past history of depression is a risk factor with RR=1.7 (95% CI:1.02 – 0.9. Women whose child is weak or die, RR=1.7(95% CI:0.9 – 3.1). Keywords: Postpartum depression, HIV-positive postpartum women

Nonlocal Gravity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahram Mashhoon
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Gravitational Lensing ◽  
Past History ◽  
Lorentz Invariance ◽  
Minkowski Spacetime ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Local Principle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
Nearby Galaxies

A postulate of locality permeates through the special and general theories of relativity. First, Lorentz invariance is extended in a pointwise manner to actual, namely, accelerated observers in Minkowski spacetime. This hypothesis of locality is then employed crucially in Einstein’s local principle of equivalence to render observers pointwise inertial in a gravitational field. Field measurements are intrinsically nonlocal, however. To go beyond the locality postulate in Minkowski spacetime, the past history of the accelerated observer must be taken into account in accordance with the Bohr-Rosenfeld principle. The observer in general carries the memory of its past acceleration. The deep connection between inertia and gravitation suggests that gravity could be nonlocal as well and in nonlocal gravity the fading gravitational memory of past events must then be taken into account. Along this line of thought, a classical nonlocal generalization of Einstein’s theory of gravitation has recently been developed. In this nonlocal gravity (NLG) theory, the gravitational field is local, but satisfies a partial integro-differential field equation. A significant observational consequence of this theory is that the nonlocal aspect of gravity appears to simulate dark matter. The implications of NLG are explored in this book for gravitational lensing, gravitational radiation, the gravitational physics of the Solar System and the internal dynamics of nearby galaxies as well as clusters of galaxies. This approach is extended to nonlocal Newtonian cosmology, where the attraction of gravity fades with the expansion of the universe. Thus far only some of the consequences of NLG have been compared with observation.

scholarly journals Symptomatic Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa in Distal Esophagus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avnish Kumar Seth ◽  
Mahesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Gursimran Kaur ◽  
Priti Jain ◽  
Rinkesh Kumar Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Narrow Band Imaging ◽  
Distal Esophagus ◽  
Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Retrosternal Pain ◽  
Gastric Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mass Lesions

Abstract Introduction Heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) in esophagus is commonly noted as an inlet patch at endoscopy. We describe a rare patient with symptomatic distal esophageal HGM. Case Report A 40-year-old male presented with retrosternal pain and marked odynophagia for the last 4 weeks without any history of ingestion of antibiotics, foreign body, or corrosive. Endoscopy showed abrupt circumferential transition to salmon pink mucosa at 35 cm from incisors. From 35 to 41 cm, there were areas of polypoid edematous thickening with few superficial ulcers of 1 to 3 mm. Squamous epithelium was visualized at narrow band imaging from 41 cm to the Z-line at 43 cm with no hiatus hernia. Biopsy showed gastric-type mucosa with parietal cells without dysplasia. Serology for cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus was negative. He was managed with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and prokinetics and improved symptomatically. Follow-up endoscopy at 3 months demonstrated healing of ulcers with persistence of HGM and pseudopolyps. He remains well on maintenance with PPI at 1-year follow-up. Conclusion Symptomatic HGM in distal esophagus is rare and can be differentiated from Barrett’s esophagus histologically and by presence of squamous epithelium between HGM and stomach. Inflammatory mass lesions may develop and mimic esophageal malignancy. Symptoms are largely due to acid production and usually respond to PPI.

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