scholarly journals Apolipoproteins A and B and PCSK9: Nontraditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Chronic Kidney Disease and in End-Stage Renal Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana-Elena Vlad ◽  
Liliana Foia ◽  
Roxana Popescu ◽  
Iuliu Ivanov ◽  
Mihaela Catalina Luca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Esrd Patients

Purpose. Nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors as apolipoprotein A (ApoA), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) increase the prevalence of cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) or in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) through quantitative alterations. This review is aimed at establishing the biomarker (ApoA, ApoB, and PCSK9) level variations in uremic patients, to identify the studies showing the association between these biomarkers and the development of cardiovascular events and to depict the therapeutic options to reduce cardiovascular risk in CKD and ESRD patients. Methods. We searched the electronic database of PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, and Cochrane CENTRAL for studies evaluating apolipoproteins and PCSK9 in CKD and ESRD. Randomized controlled trials, observational studies (including case-control, prospective or retrospective cohort), and reviews/meta-analysis were included if reference was made to those keys and cardiovascular outcomes in CKD/ESRD. Results. 18 studies met inclusion criteria. Serum ApoA-I has been significantly associated with the development of new cardiovascular event and with cardiovascular mortality in ESRD patients. ApoA-IV level was independently associated with maximum carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and was a predictor for sudden cardiac death. The ApoB/ApoA-I ratio represents a strong predictor for coronary artery calcifications, cardiovascular mortality, and myocardial infarction in CKD/ESRD. Plasma levels of PCSK9 were not associated with cardiovascular events in CKD patients. Conclusions. Although the “dyslipidemic status” in CKD/ESRD is not clearly depicted, due to different research findings, ApoA-I, ApoA-IV, and ApoB/ApoA-I ratio could be predictors of cardiovascular risk. Serum PCSK9 levels were not associated with the cardiovascular events in patients with CKD/ESRD. Probably in the future, the treatment of dyslipidemia in CKD/ESRD will be aimed at discovering new effective therapies on the action of these biomarkers.

Management of Chronic Kidney Disease and its Complications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Hundert ◽  
Ajay K Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Management of early renal failure helps in the reduction or prevention of end-stage renal disease. The monitoring of renal function is discussed, and the chapter includes a table that shows commonly used methods for monitoring. Risk factors for chronic renal failure include stroke and cardiac disease. Risk factors for renal disease progression are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, proteinuria, smoking, protein intake, and hyperlipidemia. Complications of chronic renal failure that are addressed include sodium and water imbalance, potassium imbalance, acidosis, calcium and phosphorus imbalance, and anemia. There is also a section that discusses the case for early referral to a nephrologist. Tables present the equations used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR); stages of chronic kidney disease and the appropriate steps in their management; risk factors for chronic kidney disease in which the testing of proteinuria and estimation of GFR are indicated; appropriate diet for patients who have chronic kidney disease; and guidelines for diagnosing and treating anemia resulting from chronic kidney disease. An algorithm outlines the steps in management of calcium and phosphate in patients with kidney disease. This review contains 3 figures, 10 tables and 50 references Key Words End-stage renal disease, chronic kidney disease, glomerular filtration rate, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease, Proteinuric renal disease, Hyperuricemia

Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease Are Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes of Clostridium difficile Infection: A Meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. S919-S920
Author(s):  
Parkpoom Phatharacharukul ◽  
Charat Thongprayoon ◽  
Wisit Cheungpasitporn ◽  
Peter J. Edmonds ◽  
Quanhathai Kaewpoowat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Abstract MP071: A Healthy Cardiovascular Risk Factor Profile is Associated With Lower Incidence of End-stage Renal Disease Among US Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Muntner ◽  
Suzanne E Judd ◽  
Liyan Gao ◽  
Orlando Gutierrez ◽  
Dana Rizk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Life’S Simple 7 ◽  
Life's Simple 7 ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

The American Heart Association’s (AHA) Life’s Simple 7 measure of cardiovascular health includes biological and behavioral factors (cigarette smoking, physical activity, diet, body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose). We determined the association of health factors in the AHA Life’s Simple 7 metric with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence among participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD; estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) from the population-based REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study (n=30,239). Each of the AHA Life’s Simple 7 components was assessed at baseline and categorized as poor (1 point), intermediate (2 points) or ideal (3 points). At baseline, 3,093 participants had CKD. The mean age of the study sample was 72.2 years, 42% were African American and 45% were men. Amongst this group, 162 participants developed ESRD over a median 4 years of follow-up. For each Life’s Simple 7 component except cholesterol, a graded association was present with a lower incidence of ESRD among participants with better health factor levels. After adjustment for age, race, sex, geographic region of residence, income, and education and compared to individuals with 0 or 1 ideal health factors, the hazard ratios for ESRD among those with 2, 3, and 4 ideal health factors were 0.62 (95% CI: 0.43 - 0.89), 0.54 (95% CI: 0.35 - 0.83), and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.24 - 0.88), respectively. No cases of ESRD occurred among participants with 5-7 ideal health factors. On a scale from 7 (all 7 factors poor) to 21 (all 7 factors ideal), each one point higher Life’s Simple 7 score was associated with a 22% lower ESRD risk (hazard ratio 0.78; 95% CI: 0.72 - 0.85). When biologic and behavioral health factors were evaluated separately, similar patterns of lower ESRD risk with better risk factor profiles were present. In the current study, a strong, graded association was present between a better cardiovascular risk factor profile and lower ESRD risk.

Management of Chronic Kidney Disease and its Complications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Hundert ◽  
Ajay K Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Management of early renal failure helps in the reduction or prevention of end-stage renal disease. The monitoring of renal function is discussed, and the chapter includes a table that shows commonly used methods for monitoring. Risk factors for chronic renal failure include stroke and cardiac disease. Risk factors for renal disease progression are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, proteinuria, smoking, protein intake, and hyperlipidemia. Complications of chronic renal failure that are addressed include sodium and water imbalance, potassium imbalance, acidosis, calcium and phosphorus imbalance, and anemia. There is also a section that discusses the case for early referral to a nephrologist. Tables present the equations used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR); stages of chronic kidney disease and the appropriate steps in their management; risk factors for chronic kidney disease in which the testing of proteinuria and estimation of GFR are indicated; appropriate diet for patients who have chronic kidney disease; and guidelines for diagnosing and treating anemia resulting from chronic kidney disease. An algorithm outlines the steps in management of calcium and phosphate in patients with kidney disease. This review contains 3 figures, 10 tables and 50 references Key Words End-stage renal disease, chronic kidney disease, glomerular filtration rate, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease, Proteinuric renal disease, Hyperuricemia

Management of Chronic Kidney Disease and its Complications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Hundert ◽  
Ajay K Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Management of early renal failure helps in the reduction or prevention of end-stage renal disease. The monitoring of renal function is discussed, and the chapter includes a table that shows commonly used methods for monitoring. Risk factors for chronic renal failure include stroke and cardiac disease. Risk factors for renal disease progression are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, proteinuria, smoking, protein intake, and hyperlipidemia. Complications of chronic renal failure that are addressed include sodium and water imbalance, potassium imbalance, acidosis, calcium and phosphorus imbalance, and anemia. There is also a section that discusses the case for early referral to a nephrologist. Tables present the equations used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR); stages of chronic kidney disease and the appropriate steps in their management; risk factors for chronic kidney disease in which the testing of proteinuria and estimation of GFR are indicated; appropriate diet for patients who have chronic kidney disease; and guidelines for diagnosing and treating anemia resulting from chronic kidney disease. An algorithm outlines the steps in management of calcium and phosphate in patients with kidney disease. This review contains 3 figures, 10 tables and 50 references Key Words End-stage renal disease, chronic kidney disease, glomerular filtration rate, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease, Proteinuric renal disease, Hyperuricemia

Management of Chronic Kidney Disease and its Complications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Hundert ◽  
Ajay K Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Management of early renal failure helps in the reduction or prevention of end-stage renal disease. The monitoring of renal function is discussed, and the chapter includes a table that shows commonly used methods for monitoring. Risk factors for chronic renal failure include stroke and cardiac disease. Risk factors for renal disease progression are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, proteinuria, smoking, protein intake, and hyperlipidemia. Complications of chronic renal failure that are addressed include sodium and water imbalance, potassium imbalance, acidosis, calcium and phosphorus imbalance, and anemia. There is also a section that discusses the case for early referral to a nephrologist. Tables present the equations used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR); stages of chronic kidney disease and the appropriate steps in their management; risk factors for chronic kidney disease in which the testing of proteinuria and estimation of GFR are indicated; appropriate diet for patients who have chronic kidney disease; and guidelines for diagnosing and treating anemia resulting from chronic kidney disease. An algorithm outlines the steps in management of calcium and phosphate in patients with kidney disease. This review contains 3 figures, 10 tables and 50 references Key Words End-stage renal disease, chronic kidney disease, glomerular filtration rate, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease, Proteinuric renal disease, Hyperuricemia

Markers of Arterial Stiffness Are Risk Factors for Progression to End-Stage Renal Disease among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 4 and 5

2007 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. c177-c181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten W. Taal ◽  
Mhairi K. Sigrist ◽  
Apostolos Fakis ◽  
Richard J. Fluck ◽  
Christopher W. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Disease Stages
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