scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Foveal Microvascular Differences in Diabetic Macular Edema with and without Subfoveal Neuroretinal Detachment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Jian ◽  
Xu Ya Jing ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Liu Lun
Keyword(s):  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
The Difference

Purpose. This study is aimed at quantifying the difference of the foveal microvasculature in the eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) with and without subfoveal neuroretinal detachment (SND+ and SND-, respectively). Methods. This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 48 eyes from 42 patients with DME (20 SND+ and 28 SND- eyes). Data collection included fundus color photographs, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and best-corrected visual acuity. The following parameters were evaluated with OCTA: foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters and vessel density in a width of 300 μm around the FAZ, superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillary plexus. The number of retinal hyperreflective spots (HRS) and the area of SND in the central 3 mm were evaluated at 0 degrees using B-scans. Results. Parafoveal vessel densities of DCP were significantly lower in SND+ than in SND- eyes (p<0.001). The number of HRS was significantly higher in SND+ than in SND- eyes (p<0.001). A statistically significant negative correlation between parafoveal vessel density in DCP and the number of HRS in all eyes was found (Spearman’s correlation, r=0.389, p=0.006). Conclusion. DME with SND correlated with larger numbers of HRS and significant macular microvascular impairment in the DCP. The pathophysiology of decline of parafoveal vessel density in the DCP with an increase in the number of HRS in the eyes with DME with SND needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of vessel density in disorganization of retinal inner layers after resolved diabetic macular edema using optical coherence tomography angiography

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244789
Author(s):  
Gilda Cennamo ◽  
Daniela Montorio ◽  
Federica Fossataro ◽  
Claudia Fossataro ◽  
Fausto Tranfa
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Capillary Plexus

Purpose To evaluate the retinal vessel density (VD) in the macular region and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with and without disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRILs) after resolution of diabetic macular edema. Methods Thirty-seven eyes of 37 DRIL patients (mean age 63 ± 13.97 years), 30 eyes of 30 no DRIL patients and 35 eyes of 35 controls were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the VD in the macular region of superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP) and FAZ area. Results DRIL and no DRIL groups showed decreased VD in SCP and DCP (p<0.05) and a larger FAZ area (p<0.001) compared to controls. However, DRIL patients revealed a statistically significant reduction in VD of SCP (p = 0.041) and a greater FAZ area (p<0.001) with respect to no DRIL patients. We found a significant negative correlation between the VD of the foveal SCP (r = -0.414, p = 0.011), foveal DCP (r = -0.358, p = 0.025) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in DRIL group. Moreover there was a significant positive correlation between the FAZ area (r = 0.425, p = 0.034) and BCVA. Therefore, in presence of DRILs lower VD values of SCP and DCP and a larger FAZ area correlated with a worse visual acuity. In no DRILs group, there was a significant negative correlation between the VD of the foveal DCP and BCVA. Conclusion OCTA highlights the role of retinal vascular ischemia in the pathogenesis of DRILs. This parameter could represent an important functional predictive factor in diabetic patients.

Unmeasurable small size superficial and deep foveal avascular zone in nanophthalmos: the Collaborative Nanophthalmos OCTA Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1173-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad M Mansour ◽  
Michael W Stewart ◽  
Salma W Yassine ◽  
Carl-Joe Z Mehanna ◽  
Antonio Marcelo B Casella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

AimTo study the macular structure and vasculature in consecutive nanophthalmic eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography.MethodsThis is a prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional study of patients with nanophthalmos (one or both eyes). The superficial and deep foveal avascular zones (FAZ) were measured both manually and with the machine’s built-in automated measurement tool. Correlations between best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) and subfoveolar choroidal thickness (SFCT) were calculated.ResultsSixty-five eyes of 35 subjects (16 men and 19 women) with a mean age of 37.4 years were analysed. The mean±SD of refractive error was 14.3±3.2 dioptres, axial length was 16.4±1.6 mm, CMT was 410.2±128.3 µm and SFCT was 450.1±108.3 µm. FAZ was unmeasurable small size in both the superficial and deep capillary plexus in all eyes, along with tortuosity of the superficial foveal capillaries and large vessels. Foveal folds were present in 29 eyes. Disc drusen was detected in 27 eyes and was absent in 31 eyes, while fundus autofluorescence was positive in 17 and negative in 24 eyes. BCVA varied from 20/20 to 20/800, with a mean of 20/76. Using Spearman’s correlation, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution BCVA correlated negatively with axial length (r=−0.30; p=0.015).ConclusionsFAZ attenuation, capillary tortuosity, foveal folds and thickened subfoveal choroid characterise the nanophthalmic macula. These findings may result from a redundant retina and the absence of apoptotic foveolar retraction because of developmental arrest of the optic vesicle after closure of the embryonic fissure.

scholarly journals Quantification of macular perfusion in healthy children using optical coherence tomography angiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Ghassemi ◽  
Vahid Hatami ◽  
Farhad Salari ◽  
Fatemeh Bazvand ◽  
Hadi Shamouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus

Abstract Background This study aimed at defining the variance of vessel density (VD) characteristics in the macula of children with normal eyes. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in which subjects with normal eyes aged 3–18 years were enrolled. The macula was scanned by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Four age groups as under 7 years, 7–10 years, 11–14 years and more than 14 years of age were defined. The influences of age, gender, and body mass index on VD were analyzed. Results A total of 108 normal eyes from 54 participants with a mean age of 10.9 years were enrolled in the study. At the superficial and deep retina capillary plexus (SCP and DCP) and choriocapillaris (CC), respectively, the mean VD of the fovea was 20.10%, 36.99%, and 75.67%; at parafovea, these measurements were 53.12%, 55.81%, and 69.76%; and at perifovea, these measures were 51.38%, 52.46%, and 73.47%. The median foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was 0.30 mm2. No significant differences between superior-hemi VD and inferior-hemi VD were found in the studied plexuses. The VD at parafovea and perifovea CC differed significantly between groups. There was no variation in VD of macular retina and CC between eyes or sex. FAZ areas were different between genders. Conclusions No difference between eyes and genders in the retina and CC VD of macular area was noted. FAZ area was larger in male. Even though this is not a longitudinal study, it may provide us with hints about macular vascular development during puberty and clinical implications of OCTA in children.

scholarly journals Automated measurement of the foveal avascular zone in healthy eyes on Heidelberg Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Gutierrez-Benitez ◽  
Yolanda Palomino ◽  
Noe Casas
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Healthy Eyes

PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate an automated method to measure the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in healthy eyes on Heidelberg Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (HS-OCTA). This method is referred to as the modified Kanno-Saitama macro (mKSM). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 29 eyes of 25 healthy volunteers who underwent HS-OCTA at the macular area twice at the same time. Regardless of the quality of the images, all of them were included. Macular data on the superficial vascular plexus, intermediate capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus were processed by mKSM. The FAZ area was measured twice automatically using the mKSM and twice manually by two independent examiners. RESULTS: Intrascan intraclass coefficient ranged from 0,948 to 0,993 for manual measurements and was 1 for mKSM method. Interscan intraclass coefficients ranged from 0,925 to 0,973 for manual measurements and from 0,770 to 0,902 for mKSM method. Despite that the difference between human examiners is smaller than between human examiners and mKSM according to Bland-Altman plots, the scatterplots show a strong correlation between human and automatic measurements. The best results are obtained in intermediate capillary plexus. CONCLUSIONS: Automated determination of the FAZ area in HS-OCTA is feasible and less human-dependent by mKSM even if the image is not perfectly centred or has artefacts. The mKSM processing could contribute to our understanding of the three vascular plexuses.

scholarly journals Distance between the center of the foveal avascular zone measured automatically and the highest foveal bulge using OCT angiography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuhei Shoji ◽  
Hirokazu Ishii ◽  
Junji Kanno ◽  
Takanori Sasaki ◽  
Yuji Yoshikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Ocular Disorders ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Foveal Center

Abstract The center of the fovea, termed the foveola, is the area of highest visual acuity, has the highest density of cone photoreceptors, and is the center of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ). We investigated the distance between the automatically-determined center of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and the manually-determined highest foveal bulge (FB) point using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). This cross-sectional study included 49 eyes of 49 individuals (34 women and 15 men; median age: 68 years) with no history of ocular disorders. The FAZ in the superficial capillary plexus was automatically determined using the Kanno-Saitama Macro method, and the center of the FAZ was automatically determined using ellipse approximation. The foveal center was manually identified as the highest FB point on B-scan OCTA images. The center of the FAZ was more likely to be located inferior to the highest FB point. In participants with a combined distance of more than 50 µm between the center of the FAZ and the highest FB point, the displacement was significantly more in the horizontal direction than in the vertical direction (p = 0.017). These results can be applicable to further studies regarding the spatial relationships between the center of the FAZ and the highest FB point in various macular diseases or previously-treated eyes.

scholarly journals Quantification of Macular Perfusion in Healthy Children Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Ghassemi ◽  
Vahid Hatami ◽  
Farhad Salari ◽  
Fatemeh Bazvand ◽  
Hadi Shamouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus

Abstract Background: Variations in vessel density (VD) patterns of the macula in children of different ages are unknown.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, subjects with normal eyes aged 3–18 years were enrolled. The macula was scanned by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Four age groups as under 7 years, 7-10 years, 11-14 years and more than 14 years of age were defined. The influences of age, gender, and body mass index on VD were analyzed.Results: A total of 108 normal eyes from 54 participants with a mean age of 10.9 years were enrolled in the study. At the superficial and deep retina capillary plexus (SCP and DCP) and choriocapillaris (CC), the mean VD of the fovea was 20.10%, 36.99%, and 75.67%, respectively; at parafovea, these measurements were 53.12%, 55.81%, and 69.76%, respectively; and at perifovea, these measures were 51.38%, 52.46%, and 73.47%, respectively. The median foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was 0.28 mm2. No significant differences were found between the superior-hemi and inferior-hemi VD of the studied plexuses. The VD at CC parafovea and perifovea differed significantly between groups. Neither age nor sex affected the VD of macular retina or CC. FAZ areas were different between genders.Conclusions: No difference between eyes and genders in the retina and CC VD of macular area was noted. FAZ area was larger in male. While this study is not a longitudinal study but may give us a hint for the macular vascular development during puberty and clinical applications of OCTA in children.

Optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1418-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Furino ◽  
Grazia Montrone ◽  
Maria Vittoria Cicinelli ◽  
Stefania Balestra ◽  
Maria Oliva Grassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Purpose: To investigate a subset of diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy with optical coherence tomography angiography, assessing the differences in macular perfusion between diseased eyes and healthy controls. Methods: Monocentric cross-sectional study, including 86 eyes from 43 diabetic patients with no clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy and 78 eyes from 39 controls. Patients underwent 3.0 × 3.0 mm and 4.5 × 4.5 mm swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Vessel density (%), foveal avascular zone area (mm2), and avascular density (%) were provided for the superficial capillary plexus and the deep capillary plexus. Results: The foveal avascular zone area at the superficial capillary plexus was larger in the study group compared to controls, irrespective of the area of the slab considered. A meaningful difference was found in the vessel density at the deep capillary plexus of the 3.0 × 3.0 mm slab (p = 0.03). Almost all the variables considered in the study showed a significant within-subject effect. Age significantly correlated with vessel density of superficial capillary plexus on 4.5 × 4.5 mm in both control and diabetic eyes. Conclusion: Diabetic patients with subclinical diabetic retinopathy feature a larger foveal avascular zone at the superficial capillary plexus compared with controls, as well as relative reduction of the vessel density at the deep capillary plexus. These findings might serve as the basis for screening between normal and diabetic subjects.

scholarly journals The Difference in Repeatability of Automated Superficial Retinal Vessel Density according to the Measurement Area Using OCT Angiography

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hyung Bin Lim ◽  
Tae Seen Kang ◽  
Yeo Kyoung Won ◽  
Jung Yeul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Retinal Vessel ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Retinal Vessel Density ◽  
Perfusion Density ◽  
Measurement Area ◽  
Central Fovea

Purpose. To evaluate the difference in the repeatability of automated superficial retinal vessel density and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) metrics according to the measurement area of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods. A total of 127 normal eyes from 127 healthy subjects were included. Macular angiography images were acquired from all subjects using the Zeiss Cirrus 5000 with AngioPlex™ OCTA software. Scans of 3 × 3 mm and 6 × 6 mm were each performed twice in a randomly arranged sequence. Vessel density (VD), perfusion density (PD), and FAZ metrics of the superficial capillary plexus were calculated automatically for all scans, and the repeatabilities for both scan patterns were assessed based on intraclass correlation (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), and coefficient of repeatability (CR) parameters. The average measured values in the two scan patterns were also compared. Results. VD was significantly greater in the 3 × 3 mm scan than in the 6 × 6 mm scan according to all parameters, whereas PD was significantly less in the 3 × 3 mm scan than in the 6 × 6 mm scan. The ICCs for VDs in the central fovea were 0.826 and 0.741 for the 3 × 3 and 6 × 6 mm scans, respectively, and the CVs were 8.00% and 12.75%. For PDs, the ICCs were 0.839 and 0.762 and the CVs were 9.32% and 14.90%. The FAZ metrics in the 3 × 3 mm scan showed good repeatability with an ICC >0.75 and a CV <10.0%. However, all ICCs for the 6 × 6 mm scans were <0.75, and the CVs were all >10%. Conclusions. The 6 × 6 mm macular angiography scans resulted in lower repeatabilities than the 3 × 3 mm scans according to all OCTA parameters, particularly in the central fovea and FAZ metrics. The 3 × 3 mm scan was more suitable than the 6 × 6 mm scan for analyzing macular microvascular density and FAZ metrics.

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