scholarly journals Severe Pharyngodynia Followed by Migratory Polyarthritis and High Fever in Young Immigrants: Remember That Rheumatic Fever Is Still Relevant in 2020!

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kalliopi Azariadis ◽  
George Giannoulis ◽  
Stella Gabeta ◽  
Anastasia Michail ◽  
Kalliopi Zachou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Streptococcal Infection ◽  
High Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Group A ◽  
Migratory Polyarthritis ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is the immune-mediated sequelae of untreated group-A streptococcal infection. In this regard, rheumatic heart disease is the most prominent manifestation with devastating long-term complications. In the postantibiotic era, ARF is extremely rare in high-income countries; thus, its diagnosis might escape the clinicians’ notice. However, its incidence remains high not only in certain low- and middle-income regions with poor public health systems but also in socioeconomically vulnerable populations residing in high-income countries. Herein, we report two cases of ARF in young immigrant adults in order to highlight the need for increased clinical suspicion to establish a prompt and timely diagnosis of ARF and describe in detail its differential diagnosis and approach to treatment.

scholarly journals Rheumatic Heart Disease and Its Association with H. pylori Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghadeer Turki Aloutaibi ◽  
Abdulrahman L. Al-Malki ◽  
Maha J. Balgoon ◽  
Saud A. Bahaidarah ◽  
Said Salama Moselhy
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Group A ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) triggered by Group A streptococcus bacterium due to post-infectious and non-supportive pharyngeal infection. Depending on certain conditions, such as genetic predisposition to the disease, the prevalence of various cases of rheumatism and socioeconomic status in different regions, ARF can have different clinical manifestations. The disease typically manifested by one or more acute episodes, whereas 30-50% of all repeated ARF status can result in chronic rheumatic heart disease (RHD) with gradual and irreversible heart valve damage and also have been found to be correlated with a raised risk of myocardial infarction (MI), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dyslipidemia. The RHD is the only long-term consequence of ARF and the most serious. The development to chronic RHD is determined by many factors, most notably the frequent episodes of rheumatic fever (RF). The RHD is known socially and economically as being the most frequent heart disease in vulnerable populations. H.pylori infection has been proposed to be involved RHD greater than that of the normal healthy people. H.pylori can be considered as one of the probable risk factor for RHD.It was concluded that patients with H. Pylori should be advised to follow up in cardiology clinics to avoid any complications.

scholarly journals Streptococcal infection in a Junior Detention Centre: a five-year study

1980 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Colling ◽  
Ida Kerr ◽  
W. R. Maxted ◽  
Jean P. Widdowson
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Streptococcal Infection ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Acute Tonsillitis ◽  
Detention Centre ◽  
Group A ◽  
Penicillin Prophylaxis ◽  
Positive Results

SUMMARYIn 1972 more than 20% of boys admitted to a closed community (Junior Detention Centre) developed acute tonsillitis and group-A streptococci were isolated from more than 40% of all boys at some time during their stay of two months. The most common serotype was M-type 5, which has frequently been associated with rheumatic fever in other epidemics; four cases of rheumatic fever occurred between 1972 and 1977. Various methods were tried to eliminate the infection, but only full penicillin prophylaxis (0·25 g oral penicillin 4 times a day for 10 days) to all boys on entry appeared to be effective.In a sample of cases of acute tonsillitis, group-A haemolytic streptococci were isolated from 31·7% by the use of dry swabs or unenriched transport medium, but with enrichment medium duplicate swabs, 77·0% yielded positive results. We question the current practice in some laboratories of reporting positive cultures only when more than ten colonies of β-haemolytic streptococci are present. In this survey viruses did not appear to be an important cause of acute tonsillitis.High titres of streptococcal antibodies (antistreptolysin O, anti-desoxyribonuclease B and anti-M associated protein) were found, not only in cases and carriers, but in boys on entry to the centre. This supports epidemiological evidence that adolescent boys on entry to the centre. This supports epidemiological evidence that adolescent boys are particularly prone to streptococcal throat infections.

scholarly journals Cumulative incidence of rheumatic fever in an endemic region: a guide to the susceptibility of the population?

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. CARAPETIS ◽  
B. J. CURRIE ◽  
J. D. MATHEWS
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Acute Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Aboriginal Australians ◽  
Group A ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Aboriginal Australians in northern Australia are subject to endemic infection with group A streptococci, with correspondingly high rates of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. For 12 communities with good ascertainment, the estimated lifetime cumulative incidence of acute rheumatic fever was approximately 5·7%, whereas over the whole population, with less adequate ascertainment, the cumulative incidence was only 2·7%. The corresponding prevalences of established rheumatic heart disease were substantially less than the cumulative incidences of acute rheumatic fever, at least in part because of poor ascertainment. The cumulative incidence of acute rheumatic fever estimates the proportion of susceptible individuals in endemically exposed populations. Our figures of 2·7–5·7% susceptible are consistent with others in the literature. Such comparisons suggest that the major part of the variation in rheumatic fever incidence between populations is due to differences in streptococcal exposure and treatment, rather than to any difference in (genetic) susceptibility.

Investigating Tourette Syndrome as a Neurologic Sequela of Rheumatic Fever

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Kurlan
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Streptococcal Infection ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Neurologic Sequela ◽  
Immune Mediated

AbstractSydenham's chorea is currently recognized as the only neurologic sequela of rheumatic fever. Recent evidence suggests that there may be a spectrum of neurobehavioral disturbances, particularly including tics and obsessive-compulsive disorder, that develops following streptococcal infection by the process of molecular mimicry, whereby antibodies directed against bacterial antigens cross-react with brain targets. This proposed postinfectious, immune-mediated condition has been termed “pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders after streptococcal infection” (PANDAS). This article reviews research evidence in favor and also against the PANDAS concept and discusses the implications of the hypothesis.

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