scholarly journals Tryptophan Metabolism, Regulatory T Cells, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Mini Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyan Ding ◽  
Peng Bin ◽  
Wenwen Wu ◽  
Yajie Chang ◽  
Guoqiang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Treg Differentiation

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract resulting from the homeostasis imbalance of intestinal microenvironment, immune dysfunction, environmental and genetic factors, and so on. This disease is associated with multiple immune cells including regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs are a subset of T cells regulating the function of various immune cells to induce immune tolerance and maintain intestinal immune homeostasis. Tregs are correlated with the initiation and progression of IBD; therefore, strategies that affect the differentiation and function of Tregs may be promising for the prevention of IBD-associated pathology. It is worth noting that tryptophan (Trp) metabolism is effective in inducing the differentiation of Tregs through microbiota-mediated degradation and kynurenine pathway (KP), which is important for maintaining the function of Tregs. Interestingly, patients with IBD show Trp metabolism disorder in the pathological process, including changes in the concentrations of Trp and its metabolites and alteration in the activities of related catalytic enzymes. Thus, manipulation of Treg differentiation through Trp metabolism may provide a potential target for prevention of IBD. The purpose of this review is to highlight the relationship between Trp metabolism and Treg differentiation and the role of this interaction in the pathogenesis of IBD.

Comparison of Bacterial Composition, Concentration, and Metabolism of Short Chain Fatty Acid in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 5978-5984
Author(s):  
David Nugraha ◽  
Natasya Ariesta Selyardi Putri ◽  
Visuddho Visuddho ◽  
Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which consists of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the intestine. The etiology is heterogeneous and multifactorial, including genetic susceptibility, immune-mediated tissue damage, and changes of lumen microenvironment, especially short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria. Several studies reported a decrease in SCFA concentration in both CD and UC. In fact, SCFAs has important roles in accelerating disease remission. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the changes in SCFA concentration, the composition of SCFA-producing bacteria, and SCFA metabolism in IBD. A literature search was conducted via PubMed, Scopus, and CENTRAL by selecting studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality and risk of bias assessment were performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Overall, 160 UC and 127 CD patients from 5 studies were reviewed. The SCFA concentration was significantly reduced (p <0.05) in both PC and UC. Moreover, there was a decrease in major SCFA-producing bacteria. Clostridium coccoides were significantly decreased in the feces of active UC (p = 0.015) and CD (p = 0.04). Clostridium leptum was decreased on intestinal mucosal biopsy of active CD and UC (p <0.0001). Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were decreased in active CD faeces (p <0.0001) and UC (p = 0.0001). Butyrate oxidation rate was also reported to decrease in UC compared to control (p<0.0001). In conclusion, the ability of major SCFA-producing bacterial production in IBD was diminished, which implies a decreased protective and anti-inflammatory effect of SCFA that altered its metabolism.

Increased frequency of regulatory T cells in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease at diagnosis: a compensative role?

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Vitale ◽  
Caterina Strisciuglio ◽  
Serena Vitale ◽  
Marianna Santopaolo ◽  
Dario Bruzzese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals Defects in CD8+Regulatory T Cells in the Lamina Propria of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 174 (9) ◽  
pp. 5814-5822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Brimnes ◽  
Matthieu Allez ◽  
Iris Dotan ◽  
Ling Shao ◽  
Atsushi Nakazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals Renal involvement in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mutalib
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Extraintestinal Manifestation ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Renal Manifestation ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and inflammatory bowel disease unclassified, is a chronic inflammatory disorder that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and has a rising incidence in both children and adults. Symptoms are caused by inappropriate inflammatory response triggered by interaction between the environment, gut microbiome and host immune system in a genetically susceptible individual. Extranintestinal manifestations of IBD are common and can affect any body system outside the gut; they can precede or run parallel to GI inflammation. Renal involvement in IBD is uncommon and can be part of extraintestinal manifestation or metabolic complications of IBD. Many medications used to treat IBD can cause renal damage. Renal manifestation in children with IBD can range from asymptomatic biochemical abnormalities to variable stages of renal impairment with significant morbidity and even mortality burden.

scholarly journals Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells, Th17 Effector Cells, and Cytokine Environment in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Eastaff-Leung ◽  
Nicholas Mabarrack ◽  
Angela Barbour ◽  
Adrian Cummins ◽  
Simon Barry
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel
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