scholarly journals Fel d1 Blocking Antibodies: A Novel Method to Reduce IgE-Mediated Allergy to Cats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ebenezer Satyaraj ◽  
Peichuan Sun ◽  
Scott Sherrill
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Binding Ability ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Blocking Antibodies

Fel d1 is an important allergen produced by cats that causes IgE reactions in up to 95% of cat-allergic adults. Immunotherapy to reduce human allergy to cats has demonstrated that people have the capacity to produce allergen-specific neutralizing antibodies that block IgE-mediated allergic responses. We wished to determine if “blocking” antibodies could be used to reduce the IgE binding ability of cat allergens prior to their exposure to humans. Here, we describe the characterization of Fel d1-specific antibodies. We demonstrated the efficacy of a rabbit polyclonal and an allergen-specific chicken IgY to bind to Fel d1 in cat saliva and block Fel d1-IgE binding and IgE-mediated basophil degranulation. Fel d1 blocking antibodies offer a new and exciting approach to the neutralization of cat allergens.

scholarly journals Cultivation and Serological Characterization of a Human Theiler's-Like Cardiovirus Associated with Diarrheal Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 4407-4414 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Chiu ◽  
A. L. Greninger ◽  
E. C. Chen ◽  
T. D. Haggerty ◽  
J. Parsonnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Serological Characterization ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
Blocking Antibodies

ABSTRACT Cardioviruses (e.g., Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus [TMEV]) are members of the Picornaviridae family that cause myocarditis and encephalitis in rodents. Recently, several studies have identified human cardioviruses, including Saffold virus (SAFV) and a related virus named human TMEV-like cardiovirus (HTCV). At least eight cardiovirus genotypes are now recognized, with SAFV and most strains of HTCV belonging to genotypes 1 and 2, respectively; genotype 2 strains are the most common in the population. Although a genotype 3 cardiovirus has recently been cultured (SAFV-3), the genotype 1 and 2 cardioviruses have been difficult to propagate in vitro, hindering efforts to understand their seroprevalence and pathogenicity. Here we present the isolation and characterization of a genotype 2 human cardiovirus (HTCV-UC6). Notably, successful cultivation of HTCV-UC6 from stool required the addition of cytokine-blocking antibodies to interrupt downstream antiviral pathways. Unlike SAFV-3, HTCV-UC6 exhibited slow replication kinetics and demonstrated only a moderate cytopathic effect. Serologic assays revealed that 91% of U.S. adults carry antibodies to the genotype 2 cardioviruses, of which 80% generate neutralizing antibodies, in agreement with previous data showing that cardiovirus infection is widespread in humans. We also demonstrate an acute cardiovirus seroconversion event in a child with diarrhea and vomiting, thus reporting for the first time evidence linking cardiovirus infection to diarrheal disease in humans.

scholarly journals The Nuts and Bolts of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Heterologous Expression

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1812
Author(s):  
Mariano Maffei ◽  
Linda Celeste Montemiglio ◽  
Grazia Vitagliano ◽  
Luigi Fedele ◽  
Shaila Sellathurai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Binding Ability ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
293 Cells

COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease caused by a newly emerged coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that has rapidly progressed into a pandemic. This unprecedent emergency has stressed the significance of developing effective therapeutics to fight the current and future outbreaks. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 surface Spike protein is the main target for vaccines and represents a helpful “tool” to produce neutralizing antibodies or diagnostic kits. In this work, we provide a detailed characterization of the native RBD produced in three major model systems: Escherichia coli, insect and HEK-293 cells. Circular dichroism, gel filtration chromatography and thermal denaturation experiments indicated that recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD proteins are stable and correctly folded. In addition, their functionality and receptor-binding ability were further evaluated through ELISA, flow cytometry assays and bio-layer interferometry.

scholarly journals The nuts and bolts of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domain heterologous expression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Maffei ◽  
Linda C Montemiglio ◽  
Grazia Vitagliano ◽  
Luigi Fedele ◽  
Shaila Sellathurai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Binding Ability ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
293 Cells

COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease caused by a newly emerged coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that has rapidly progressed into a pandemic. This unprecedent emergency has stressed the significance of developing effective therapeutics to fight current and future outbreaks. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 surface Spike protein is the main target for vaccines and represents a helpful tool to produce neutralizing antibodies or diagnostic kits. In this work, we provide a detailed characterization of the native RBD produced in three major model systems: Escherichia coli, insect and HEK-293 cells. Circular dichroism, gel filtration chromatography and thermal denaturation experiments indicated that recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD proteins are stable and correctly folded. In addition, their functionality and receptor-binding ability were further evaluated through ELISA, flow cytometry assays and bio-layer interferometry.

scholarly journals Characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in COVID-19 patients reveals highly potent neutralizing IgA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihong Zeng ◽  
Huan Ma ◽  
Chengchao Ding ◽  
Yunru Yang ◽  
Yong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antibodies

scholarly journals A glycoside analog of mammalian oligomannose formulated with a TLR4-stimulating adjuvant elicits HIV-1 cross-reactive antibodies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Bruxelle ◽  
Tess Kirilenko ◽  
Nino Trattnig ◽  
Yiqiu Yang ◽  
Matteo Cattin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Envelope Protein ◽  
Protein Sequence ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Human Antibody ◽  
Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Strong Binding ◽  
Hiv Envelope ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractThe occurrence of oligomannose-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) has spurred efforts to develop immunogens that can elicit similar antibodies. Here, we report on the antigenicity and immunogenicity of a CRM197-conjugate of a previously reported oligomannose mimetic. Oligomannose-specific bnAbs that are less dependent on interactions with the HIV envelope protein sequence showed strong binding to the glycoconjugates, with affinities approximating those reported for their cognate epitope. The glycoconjugate is also recognized by inferred germline precursors of oligomannose-specific bnAbs, albeit with the expected low avidity, supporting its potential as an immunogen. Immunization of human-antibody transgenic mice revealed that only a TLR4-stimulating adjuvant formulation resulted in antibodies able to bind a panel of recombinant HIV trimers. These antibodies bound at relatively modest levels, possibly explaining their inability to neutralize HIV infectivity. Nevertheless, these findings contribute further to understanding conditions for eliciting HIV-cross-reactive oligomannose-specific antibodies and inform on next steps for improving on the elicited response.

scholarly journals Creation of Ionically Crosslinked Tri-Layered Chitosan Membranes to Simulate Different Human Skin Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1807
Author(s):  
Rocío Guerle-Cavero ◽  
Blanca Lleal-Fontàs ◽  
Albert Balfagón-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Snow Crab ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Cosmetic Industry ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Chitosan Membranes

In 2023, new legislation will ban the use of animals in the cosmetic industry worldwide. This fact, together with ethical considerations concerning the use of animals or humans in scientific research, highlights the need to propose new alternatives for replacing their use. The aim of this study is to create a tri-layered chitosan membrane ionically crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) in order to simulate the number of layers in human skin. The current article highlights the creation of a membrane where pores were induced by a novel method. Swelling index, pore creation, and mechanical property measurements revealed that the swelling index of chitosan membranes decreased and, their pore formation and elasticity increased with an increase in the Deacetylation Grade (DDA). Additionally, the results demonstrate that chitosan’s origin can influence the elastic modulus value and reproducibility, with higher values being obtained with seashell than snow crab or shrimp shells. Furthermore, the data show that the addition of each layer, until reaching three layers, increases the elastic modulus. Moreover, if layers are crosslinked, the elastic modulus increases to a much greater extent. The characterization of three kinds of chitosan membranes was performed to find the most suitable material for studying different human skin properties.

Characterization of human type II procollagen and collagen-specific antibodies and their application to the study of human type II collagen processing and ultrastructure

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio A. Jimenez ◽  
Leena Ala-Kokko ◽  
Darwin J. Prockop ◽  
Carmen F. Merryman ◽  
Nora Shepard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Human Type
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