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Author(s):  
Zsolt Datki ◽  
Evelin Balazs ◽  
Bence Galik ◽  
Rita Sinka ◽  
Lavinia Zeitler ◽  
...  
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2022 ◽  
pp. 109646
Author(s):  
Chunhua Zhou ◽  
Yao Lei ◽  
Shuai Zhao ◽  
Qinhua Shi ◽  
Shan Ouyang ◽  
...  
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2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-289
Author(s):  
O. N. Rimskaya ◽  
I. V. Anokhov ◽  
V. S. Kranbikhler

The purpose of the article is to explore digital technologies that impose new requirements on the system of human capital formation, especially education. The authors have updated the concept of «human capital». They propose a scheme of its development as a successive transition from natural talents and gifts to higher values and meanings, accumulated individually throughout life. It is argued that digitalization has an increasing influence on this process: after the digitization of external physical objects and communications of the “man-technique” type, it is rapidly subordinating all communications of the “man-human” type and claims to digitize the functions of man himself. In this situation, man (if he wants to preserve his subjectivity) is required to develop personally ahead of the rapid evolution of the technosphere. As a result, man will find himself in a situation where he can only deal with values and meanings, while physical production will be carried out by the autonomous technosphere.The Government needs to promote the development of human capital with fundamentally new professional competencies codified by law. Training, in addition to professional sectoral knowledge, should be directed towards the development of digital competences and future metanautics. Access to digital information is governed by dynamic legal aspects of law.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nolan R. McGrady ◽  
Silvia Pasini ◽  
Robert O. Baratta ◽  
Brian J. Del Buono ◽  
Eric Schlumpf ◽  
...  

Optic neuropathies are a major cause of visual disabilities worldwide, causing irreversible vision loss through the degeneration of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons, which comprise the optic nerve. Chief among these is glaucoma, in which sensitivity to intraocular pressure (IOP) leads to RGC axon dysfunction followed by outright degeneration of the optic projection. Current treatments focus entirely on lowering IOP through topical hypotensive drugs, surgery to facilitate aqueous fluid outflow, or both. Despite this investment in time and resources, many patients continue to lose vision, underscoring the need for new therapeutics that target neurodegeneration directly. One element of progression in glaucoma involves matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) remodeling of the collagen-rich extracellular milieu of RGC axons as they exit the retina through the optic nerve head. Thus, we investigated the ability of collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) representing various single strand fractions of triple helix human type I collagen to protect RGC axons in an inducible model of glaucoma. First, using dorsal root ganglia maintained in vitro on human type I collagen, we found that multiple CMPs significantly promote neurite outgrowth (+35%) compared to vehicle following MMP-induced fragmentation of the α1(I) and α2(I) chains. We then applied CMP to adult mouse eyes in vivo following microbead occlusion to elevate IOP and determined its influence on anterograde axon transport to the superior colliculus, the primary RGC projection target in rodents. In glaucoma models, sensitivity to IOP causes early degradation in axon function, including anterograde transport from retina to central brain targets. We found that CMP treatment rescued anterograde transport following a 3-week +50% elevation in IOP. These results suggest that CMPs generally may represent a novel therapeutic to supplement existing treatments or as a neuroprotective option for patients who do not respond to IOP-lowering regimens.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
SAIFULLAH SAIFULLAH

The polemic in the discussion of women's domestic and public roles is the inaccurate interpretation of gender in the perspective of social, economic, legal, political and religious construction. As a result, one of the sexes is marginalized and subordinated. Women and men are not placed as human beings who have equal opportunities. The error in interpreting the two roles of the human type is called gender bias. It is a must to carry out reinterpretation so that there is a shared awareness that there are equal opportunities and treatment in carrying out their duties as servants of God.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253277
Author(s):  
Jim McGetrick ◽  
Lisa Poncet ◽  
Marietta Amann ◽  
Johannes Schullern-Schrattenhofen ◽  
Leona Fux ◽  
...  

Domestic dogs have been shown to reciprocate help received from conspecifics in food-giving tasks. However, it is not yet known whether dogs also reciprocate help received from humans. Here, we investigated whether dogs reciprocate the receipt of food from humans. In an experience phase, subjects encountered a helpful human who provided them with food by activating a food dispenser, and an unhelpful human who did not provide them with food. Subjects later had the opportunity to return food to each human type, in a test phase, via the same mechanism. In addition, a free interaction session was conducted in which the subject was free to interact with its owner and with whichever human partner it had encountered on that day. Two studies were carried out, which differed in the complexity of the experience phase and the time lag between the experience phase and test phase. Subjects did not reciprocate the receipt of food in either study. Furthermore, no difference was observed in the duration subjects spent in proximity to, or the latency to approach, the two human partners. Although our results suggest that dogs do not reciprocate help received from humans, they also suggest that the dogs did not recognize the cooperative or uncooperative act of the humans during the experience phase. It is plausible that aspects of the experimental design hindered the emergence of any potential reciprocity. However, it is also possible that dogs are simply not prosocial towards humans in food-giving contexts.


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