Aim: Typical features of human osteosarcoma are highly invasive and migratory capacities. Our study aimed to investigate the roles of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) in human osteosarcoma metastasis. Methods: GSK3β expressions in clinical osteosarcoma tissues with or without metastasis were examined by immunohistochemical staining. The expressions of GSK3β, p-GSK3βSer9, and p-GSK3βTyr216 in human osteoblast cells (hFOB1.19) and human osteosarcoma cells (MG63, SaOS-2 and U2-OS) were detected by western blotting. The GSK3β activity was measured by non-radio isotopic in vitro kinase assay. Migration and invasion abilities of MG-63 cells treated with small-molecular GSK3β inhibitors were respectively examined by monolayer-based wound-healing assay and transwell assay. The mRNA expressions of GSK3β, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, phosphatase with tensin homology (PTEN), and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were detected after siRNA transfection for 72 h. Meanwhile, protein expressions of GSK3β, FAK, p-FAKY397, PTEN, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were measured by western blotting. Results: Clinical osteosarcoma tissues with metastasis showed higher GSK3β expressions. MG63 and U2-OS cells which were easy to occur metastasis showed significantly higher expressions and activities of GSK3β than SaOS-2 cells. Inhibition of GSK3β with small-molecular GSK3β inhibitors in MG63 cells significantly attenuated cell migration and invasion. These effects were associated with reduced expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Moreover, increased PTEN and decreased p-FAKY397 expressions were observed following GSK3b knock-down by siRNA transfection. Conclusion: GSK3β might promote osteosarcoma invasion and migration via pathways associated with PTEN and phosphorylation of FAK.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Sustains Invasion of Glioblastoma via the Focal Adhesion Kinase, Rac1, and c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase-Mediated Pathway
