scholarly journals Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Attenuates Virulence and Modulates Microbial Ecology of Saliva-Derived Polymicrobial Biofilms

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebu Philip ◽  
Shaneen J. Leishman ◽  
H.M.H.N. Bandara ◽  
Laurence J. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Ecological Effects ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptide

Background: Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) acts as a salivary biomimetic that provides bioavailable calcium and phosphate ions to augment fluoride-mediated remineralisation of early caries lesions. However, there are indications that it may also have beneficial ecological effects on the oral microbiome. Objective: This in vitro study investigated whether CPP-ACP could influence microbial counts, acidogenicity, and the relative abundance of specific caries- and health-associated bacterial ­species in polymicrobial biofilms. Methods: Saliva-derived polymicrobial biofilms were grown for 96 h in a cariogenic environment and treated every 12 h with 2% CPP-ACP or vehicle control. Colony forming units (CFUs) and acidogenicity were estimated from the treated biofilms. Microbial ecological effects of CPP-ACP were assessed based on the relative abundance of 14 specific caries- and health-associated ­bacterial species using a real-time quantitative PCR assay. ­Results: CPP-ACP-treated biofilms showed relatively modest, but significant, reductions in microbial CFUs (21% reduction, p = 0.008) and acidogenicity (33% reduction, p < 0.001), compared to the control-treated biofilms. The CPP-ACP treated biofilms also exhibited significantly lower bacterial loads of cariogenic Scardovia wiggsiae (fold change 0.017, p < 0.001) and Prevotella denticola(fold change 0.005, p < 0.001), and higher bacterial loads of commensal Streptococcus sanguinis(fold change 30.22, p < 0.001), S. mitis/oralis(fold change 9.66, p = 0.012), and S. salivarius/thermophilus(fold change 89.35, p < 0.001) than the control-treated biofilms. Conclusions: The results indicate that CPP-ACP has virulence-attenuating attributes that can influence a beneficial microbial ecological change in the biofilm.

scholarly journals Randomized Controlled Study to Evaluate Microbial Ecological Effects of CPP-ACP and Cranberry on Dental Plaque

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
N. Philip ◽  
S.J. Leishman ◽  
H.M.H.N. Bandara ◽  
D.L. Healey ◽  
L.J. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptide

Introduction: Ecological approaches to dental caries prevention play a key role in attaining long-term control over the disease and maintaining a symbiotic oral microbiome. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the microbial ecological effects of 2 interventional dentifrices: a casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) dentifrice and the same dentifrice supplemented with a polyphenol-rich cranberry extract. Methods: The interventional toothpastes were compared with each other and with an active control fluoride dentifrice in a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis was used to determine changes in the bacterial loads of 14 key bacterial species (8 caries associated and 6 health associated) in the dental plaque of trial participants after they used the dentifrices for 5 to 6 wk. Results: From the baseline to the recall visit, significant differences were observed between the treatment groups in the bacterial loads of 2 caries-associated bacterial species ( Streptococcus mutans [ P < 0.001] and Veillonella parvula [ P < 0.001]) and 3 health-associated bacterial species ( Corynebacterium durum [P = 0.008], Neisseria flavescens [ P = 0.005], and Streptococcus sanguinis [ P < 0.001]). Compared to the fluoride control dentifrice, the CPP-ACP dentifrice demonstrated significant differences for S. mutans ( P = 0.032), C. durum ( P = 0.007), and S. sanguinis ( P < 0.001), while combination CPP-ACP–cranberry dentifrice showed significant differences for S. mutans ( P < 0.001), V. parvula ( P < 0.001), N. flavescens ( P = 0.003), and S. sanguinis ( P < 0.001). However, no significant differences were observed in the bacterial load comparisons between the CPP-ACP and combination dentifrices for any of the targeted bacterial species ( P > 0.05). Conclusions: Overall, the results indicate that dentifrices containing CPP-ACP and polyphenol-rich cranberry extracts can influence a species-level shift in the ecology of the oral microbiome, resulting in a microbial community less associated with dental caries (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ANZCTR 12618000095268). Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this randomized controlled trial indicate that dentifrices containing casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and polyphenol-rich cranberry extracts were able to beneficially modulate the microbial ecology of dental plaque in a group of high caries-risk patients. This could contribute toward lowering the risk of developing new caries lesions, an important goal sought by patients, clinicians, and policy makers.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Efficacy of Different Fluoride Varnishes on Dentin Remineralization During a Critical pH Exposure Using Quantitative X-Ray Microtomography

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. E308-E316
Author(s):  
A Sleibi ◽  
A Tappuni ◽  
D Mills ◽  
GR Davis ◽  
A Baysan
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Voxel Size ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptide

SUMMARY Objectives: The objective of this in vitro study was to quantify the amount of mineral change in demineralized dentin at pH 5.5 after the application of dental varnishes containing fluoride with casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate, fluoride and bioglass, or fluoride alone. Methods and Materials: A total of 12 extracted human sound mandibular premolar root samples were coated with an acid-resistant varnish, leaving a 2 × 3 mm window at the outer root surface. These root specimens were then randomly divided into four groups and separately subjected to the demineralizing cycle at a pH of 4.8 for five days to create artificial caries-like lesions in dentin. Subsequently, each sample was imaged using quantitative x-ray microtomography (XMT) at a 15-μm voxel size. Each test group then received one of the following treatments: dental varnish containing casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate and fluoride (CPP-ACP, MI varnish, GC Europe), bioglass and fluoride (BGA, Experimental, Dentsply Sirona), or fluoride alone (NUPRO, Dentsply Sirona), as well as a control group, which received no treatment. These samples were kept in deionized water for 12 hours. The thin layer of varnish was then removed. All samples including the nonvarnish group were subjected to the second demineralizing cycle at pH 5.5 for five days. The final XMT imaging was then carried out following the second demineralizing cycle. XMT scan was also carried out to varnish samples at 25 μm voxel size. The change in mineral concentration in the demineralized teeth was assessed using both qualitative and quantitative image analysis. Results: There was an increase in radiopacity in the subtracted images of all varnish groups; a significant increase in mineral content, 12% for the CPP-ACP and fluoride (p≤0.05 and p≤0.001), 25% BGA (p≤0.001), and 104% fluoride alone varnish (p≤0.001). There was an increase in the size of radiolucency in the lesion area with a significant decrease in mineral content in the nonvarnish group, 10% (p≤0.05 and p≤0.001). Conclusions: There was encouraging evidence of a remineralization effect following the application of dental varnish on dentin and also an observed resistance to demineralization during the acidic challenge in all cases. However, a dental varnish containing fluoride alone appeared to have a much greater effect on dentin remineralization when compared with CPP-ACP with fluoride and bioglass with fluoride.

Effect of CPP-ACP Application on Flexural Strength of Bleached Enamel and Dentin Complex

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Khoroushi ◽  
H Mazaheri ◽  
AE Manoochehri
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
In Vitro Simulation ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptide ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
At Home

Clinical Relevance In the absence of saliva, flexural strength of the bovine enamel-dentin complex decreases after in vitro simulation of both at-home and in-office bleaching procedures. Application of Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) subsequent to both bleaching regimens could compensate for this decrease.

scholarly journals Effect of fluoridated casein phospopeptide-amorphous-calcium phosphate complex, chlorhexidine fluoride mouthwash on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets: A comparative in vitro study

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Abdul Shahariyar C. A ◽  
Anurag D. Mahale ◽  
Kishore Kumar ◽  
Rohan Rai
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptide

Objective The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium-phosphate (CPP-ACP) complex, chlorhexidine fluoride mouthwash on shear bond strengths (SBSs) of orthodontic brackets. Materials and Methods About sixty extracted healthy human premolar teeth with intact buccal enamel were divided into two equal groups to which brackets were bonded using self-etching primers (SEPs) and conventional means respectively. These were further equally divided into three subgroups - (1) control (2) CPP-ACP (3) chlorhexidine fluoride mouthwash. The SBSs were then measured using a universal testing machine. Results SBS of the conventional group was significantly higher than the self-etching group. The intragroup differences were statistically insignificant. Conclusion CPP-ACP, chlorhexidine fluoride mouthwash did not adversely affect SBS of orthodontic brackets irrespective of the method of conditioning. Brackets bonded with conventional technique showed greater bond strengths as compared to those bonded with SEP.

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