A Comprehensive Ultrasonographic Assessment of Pediatric and Adolescent Varicocele Can Improve Surgical Results

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 884-890
Author(s):  
Marco Pensabene ◽  
Maria Rita Di Pace ◽  
Fabio Baldanza ◽  
Maria Sergio ◽  
Marcello Cimador
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Color Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Ultrasonographic Assessment ◽  
Group 1

<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Undetected refluxing venous systems could cause persistence/recurrence of varicoceles in patients undergoing varicocelectomy. Color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) is an important tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of varicocele, and could be successfully used to detect a venous reflux in the iliac-deferential district, usually involved in the recurrence/persistence of varicocele. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> We compared 2 historical series of patients treated with Palomo laparoscopic varicocelectomy between 1994 and 2018. In group 1, preoperative scrotal CDUS was obtained, while in group 2, additional inguinal CDUS was performed in order to detect a refluxing deferential vein (DV). When a deferential reflux was found, the DV and internal spermatic vein were interrupted during the same Palomo laparoscopic varicocelectomy. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 449 patients underwent left laparoscopic varicocelectomy; 146 of them were not studied for deferential reflux with CDUS (group 1), while in the remaining 303, routine CDUS research of deferential reflux was obtained (group 2). The persistence/recurrence rate was significantly higher in group 1 (13.7 vs. 1%, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.000). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The research of a refluxing DV revealed a useful, cost-effective, and simple tool, allowing a better comprehension of the vascular anatomy of varicocele and, thus, a significant reduction of varicocele persistence/recurrence rate.

scholarly journals Venous leakage treatment revisited: pelvic venoablation using aethoxysclerol under air block technique and Valsalva maneuver

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Herwig ◽  
Salvatore Sansalone
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Pde5 Inhibitor ◽  
Penile Prosthesis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Color Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Pde5 Inhibitors ◽  
Venous Leakage

Objective: We evaluated the effectiveness of pelvic vein embolization with aethoxysclerol in aero-block technique for the treatment of impotence due to venous leakage in men using sildenafil for intercourse. The aim of the procedure was to reduce the use of sildenafil. Methods: A total of 96 patients with veno-occlusive dysfunction, severe enough for the need of PDE5 inhibitors for vaginal penetration, underwent pelvic venoablation with aethoxysclerol. The mean patient age was 53.5 years. Venous leaks were identified by Color Doppler Ultrasound after intracavernous alprostadil injection. Under local anesthesia a 20-gauge needle was inserted into the deep dorsal penile vein. The pelvic venogram was obtained through deep dorsal venography. Aethoxysclerol 3% as sclerosing agent was injected after air-block under Valsalva manoeuver. Success was defined as the ability to achieve vaginal insertion without the aid of any drugs, vasoactive injections, penile prosthesis, or vacuum device. Additionally, a pre- and post- therapy IIEF score and a digital overnight spontaneous erections protocol (OSEP) with the NEVA™-system was performed. Results: At 3 month follow-up 77 out of 96 patients (80.21%) reported to have erections sufficient for vaginal insertion without the use of any drug or additional device. Four (4.17%) patients did not report any improvement. Follow up with color Doppler ultrasound revealed a new or persistent venous leakage in 8 (8.33%) of the patients. No serious complications occurred. Conclusions: Our new pelvic venoablation technique using aethoxysclerol in air-block technique was effective, minimally invasive, and cost-effective. All patients were able to perform sexual intercourse without the previously used dosage of PDE5 inhibitor. This new method may help in patients with contra-indications against PDE5 inhibitors, in patients who cannot afford the frequent usage of expensive oral medication or those who do not fully respond to PDE5-inhibitors.

Medial Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas: Clinical Outcome and Recurrence Rate

Neurosurgery ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Nakamura ◽  
Florian Roser ◽  
Cornelius Jacobs ◽  
Peter Vorkapic ◽  
Madjid Samii
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Cavernous Sinus ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Tumor Entity ◽  
Radical Removal ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To provide clinical data concerning the visual outcome and recurrence rate of medial sphenoid wing meningiomas in consideration of two different subgroups of this tumor entity. METHODS: Among 256 sphenoid wing meningiomas, there were 108 medial sphenoid wing meningiomas of globoid shape. They were classified into Group 1 (without cavernous sinus involvement) and Group 2 (with cavernous sinus involvement). En plaque meningiomas were excluded from the analysis. The charts of the patients including surgical records, discharge letters, follow-up records, and imaging studies were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: There were 39 Group 1 tumors and 69 Group 2 tumors. For microsurgical tumor removal, the frontolateral (15.7%) or the pterional approach (84.3%) was performed. Total resection was achieved in 92.3% of patients with Group 1 tumors and 14.5% of those with Group 2 tumors. Radiological recurrence was observed in 7.7% (Group 1 tumors) and 27.5% (Group 2 tumors). The mean follow-up time was 79.04 months (6.59 yr). Improvement of visual function (or stable visual function) was observed in 56% (44%) of patients with Group 1 tumors, in 30% (60%) with newly diagnosed Group 2 tumors, and 10% (70%) undergoing recurrent surgery for Group 2 tumors. CONCLUSION: Group 1 meningiomas present a more favorable subgroup with fortunate visual outcome. In Group 2 tumors, visual improvement was less favorable and radical removal is limited because of cavernous sinus infiltration, with consequential higher recurrence rates. Patients harboring recurrent Group 2 tumors with deteriorating visual function profit from microsurgery because vision can be preserved on the same preoperative level in the majority.

Facilitated Tenon-Free Conjunctival Autograft Preparation and Limited Tenon Removal Technique in Pterygium Surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikret Ucar ◽  
Lutfi Seyrek ◽  
Servet Cetinkaya ◽  
Huseyin Ture ◽  
Ekrem Kadioglu
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Conjunctival Autograft ◽  
Operation Duration ◽  
Pterygium Surgery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pterygium Excision ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Removal Technique ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background The main complication of primary pterygium surgery is the recurrence of the pterygium. In the present study, we aimed to compare a classical technique and facilitated tenon-free conjunctival autograft preparation and a limited tenon removal technique in pterygium surgery in terms of recurrence rate, complications, and operation duration. Material and Methods This is a retrospective, comparative, observational study. Group 1 comprised 120 eyes of 115 patients who underwent pterygium excision with a new facilitated tenon-free conjunctival-limbal autograft preparation and limited tenon removal technique between May 2017 and October 2019. Group 2 comprised 117 eyes of 113 patients who underwent pterygium excision with a conventional conjunctival-limbal autograft technique between January 2016 and May 2017. Results The mean follow-up time after surgery was 18.2 ± 5.8 months in group 1 and 19.1 ± 6.3 months in group 2 (p = 0.25). The mean operation duration was 5.54 ± 1.22 (4 – 7) minutes in group 1 and 8.23 ± 1.26 (8 – 10) minutes in group 2 (p = 0.02). Flap edema was present in 33 eyes (28.2%) in group 2 and in 11 eyes (9.16%) in group 1. Flap edema was significantly higher in group 2 (p < 0.001). At the end of the 1-year follow-up of the patients, we observed recurrence in only one (0.83%) eye in group 1 and 14 (11.96%) eyes in group 2. The recurrence rate of group 1 was significantly less than that of group 2 (p < 0.001). Conclusions The simplified technique of tenon-free conjunctival autograft preparation and limited tenon removal yielded better clinical outcomes without serious complications. Additionally, this technique shortened the surgical time and reduced surgeon-dependent factors.

scholarly journals Recurrent urolithiasis following parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism

2013 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Rowlands ◽  
A Zyada ◽  
S Zouwail ◽  
H Joshi ◽  
MJ Stechman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction The effect of parathyroidectomy on the incidence of recurrent stone formation is uncertain. We aimed to compare the biochemistry and recurrence rate of urolithiasis in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) and stone formation (SF) and non-stone formation (NSF) with idiopathic stone formers (ISF). Methods Patients with pHPT and SF (Group 1) were identified from a prospective database. pHPT patients and NSF (Group 2) and ISFs (Group 3) were randomly selected from respective databases to form three equal groups. Preoperative and postoperative biochemical data were analysed and recurrent urolithiasis diagnosed if present on follow-up radiology. Out-of-area patients were asked about recurrence via telephone. Results From July 2002 to October 2011, 640 patients had parathyroidectomy for pHPT. Of these, 66 (10.3%) had a history of renal colic; one was lost to follow-up. Patient demographics were similar across all three groups. Three months post-parathyroidectomy, Groups 1 and 2 had significantly reduced serum calcium concentrations (p<0.01). Group 1 had lower urinary calcium excretion after parathyroidectomy (p<0.01), but estimated glomerular filtration rate did not change following surgery. During median follow-up of 4.33 years (0.25–9 years) in Groups 1 and 2 and 5.08 years (0.810–8 years) in Group 3, one patient (1.5%) in Group 1 and 16 patients (25%) in Group 3 had recurrent urolithiasis (p<0.01). No Group 2 patients developed stones. Conclusion Curative parathyroidectomy confers a low recurrence rate for urolithiasis, but does not prevent recurrence in all patients. Further research should aim to identify the risk factors for continued SF in these patients.

Creation of physiologic rhythm by closed loop stimulation in heart failure patients with severe chronotropic incompetence: worldwide first results of a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Proff ◽  
B Merkely ◽  
R Papp ◽  
C Lenz ◽  
P.J Nordbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Chronotropic Incompetence ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background The prevalence of chronotropic incompetence (CI) in heart failure (HF) population is high and negatively impacts prognosis. In HF patients with an implanted cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) device and severe CI, the effect of rate adaptive pacing on patient outcomes is unclear. Closed loop stimulation (CLS) based on cardiac impedance measurement may be an optimal method of heart rate adaptation according to metabolic need in HF patients with severe CI. Purpose This is the first study evaluating the effect of CLS on the established prognostic parameters assessed by the cardio-pulmonary exercise (CPX) testing and on quality of life (QoL) of the patients. Methods A randomised, controlled, double-blind and crossover pilot study has been performed in CRT patients with severe CI defined as the inability to achieve 70% of the age-predicted maximum heart rate (APMHR). After baseline assessment, patients were randomised to either DDD-CLS pacing (group 1) or DDD pacing at 40 bpm (group 2) for a 1-month period, followed by crossover for another month. At baseline and at 1- and 2-month follow-ups, a CPX was performed and QoL was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. The main endpoints were the effect of CLS on ventilatory efficiency (VE) slope (evaluated by an independent CPX expert), the responder rate defined as an improvement (decrease) of the VE slope by at least 5%, percentage of maximal predicted heart rate reserve (HRR) achieved, and QoL. Results Of the 36 patients enrolled in the study, 20 fulfilled the criterion for severe CI and entered the study follow-up (mean age 68.9±7.4 years, 70% men, LVEF=41.8±9.3%, 40%/60% NYHA class II/III). Full baseline and follow-up datasets were obtained in 17 patients. The mean VE slope and HRR at baseline were 34.4±4.4 and 49.6±23.8%, respectively, in group 1 (n=7) and 34.5±12.2 and 54.2±16.1% in group 2 (n=10). After completing the 2-month CPX, the mean difference between DDD-CLS and DDD-40 modes was −2.4±8.3 (group 1) and −1.2±3.5 (group 2) for VE slope, and 17.1±15.5% (group 1) and 8.7±18.8% (group 2) for HRR. Altogether, VE slope improved by −1.8±2.95 (p=0.31) in DDD-CLS versus DDD-40, and HRR improved by 12.9±8.8% (p=0.01). The VE slope decreased by ≥5% in 47% of patients (“responders to CLS”). The mean difference in the QoL between DDD-CLS and DDD-40 was 0.16±0.25 in group 1 and −0.01±0.05 in group 2, resulting in an overall increase by 0.08±0.08 in the DDD-CLS mode (p=0.13). Conclusion First results of the evaluation of the effectiveness of CLS in CRT patients with severe CI revealed that CLS generated an overall positive effect on well-established surrogate parameters for prognosis. About one half of the patients showed CLS response in terms of improved VE slope. In addition, CLS improved quality of life. Further clinical research is needed to identify predictors that can increase the responder rate and to confirm improvement in clinical outcomes. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Biotronik SE & Co. KG

scholarly journals Effects of posterior tibial slope on the mid-term results of medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Arthroplasty ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijie Chen ◽  
Kaizhe Chen ◽  
Yufei Yan ◽  
Jianmin Feng ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Tibial Slope ◽  
Posterior Tibial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Postoperative Knee ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of medial posterior tibial slope (PTS) on mid-term postoperative range of motion (ROM) and functional improvement of the knee after medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Methods Medical records of 113 patients who had undergone 124 medial UKAs between April 2009 through April 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. The mean follow-up lasted 7.6 years (range, 6.2–11.2 years). Collected were demographic data, including gender, age, height, weight of the patients. Anteroposterior (AP) and lateral knee radiographs of the operated knees were available in all patients. The knee function was evaluated during office follow-up or hospital stay. Meanwhile, postoperative PTS, ROM, maximal knee flexion and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score (pre−/postoperative) of the operated side were measured and assessed. According to the size of the PTS, patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (<4°), group 2 (4° ~ 7°) and group 3 (>7°). The association between PTS and the knee function was investigated. Results In our cohort, the average PTS was 2.7° ± 0.6° in group 1, 5.6° ± 0.9° in group 2 and 8.7° ± 1.2° in group 3. Pairwise comparisons showed significant differences among them (p < 0.01). The average maximal flexion range of postoperative knees in each group was 112.4° ± 5.6°, 116.4° ± 7.2°, and 117.5° ± 6.1°, respectively, with significant difference found between group 1 and group 2 (p < 0.05), and between group 1 and group 3 (p < 0.05). However, the gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) did not differ between three groups and there was no significant difference between groups in terms of pre−/postoperative HSS scores or postoperative knee ROM. Conclusion A mid-term follow-up showed that an appropriate PTS (4° ~ 7°) can help improve the postoperative flexion of knee. On the other hand, too small a PTS could lead to limited postoperative knee flexion. Therefore, the PTS less than 4° should be avoided during medial UKA.

scholarly journals Percutaneous posteroanterior screw fixation for Haraguchi type 1 posterior malleolar fracture in tri-malleolar fracture: Operative technique and randomized clinical results

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 230949902199799
Author(s):  
Tianming Yu ◽  
Jichong Ying ◽  
Jianlei Liu ◽  
Dichao Huang ◽  
Hailin Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screw Fixation ◽  
Malleolar Fracture ◽  
Malleolar Fractures ◽  
Posterior Malleolar Fracture ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Traumatic Arthritis ◽  
Group 1

Purpose: The study described a novel surgical treatment of Haraguchi type 1 posterior malleolar fracture in tri-malleolar fracture and patient outcomes at intermediate period follow-up. Methods: All patients from January 2015 to December 2017 with tri-malleolar fracture of which posterior malleolar fractures were Haraguchi type 1, were surgically treated in this prospective study. Lateral and medial malleolar fractures were managed by open reduction and internal fixation through dual incision approaches. 36 cases of Haraguchi type 1 posterior malleolar fractures were randomly performed by percutaneous posteroanterior screw fixation with the aid of medial exposure (group 1). And 40 cases were performed by percutaneous anteroposterior screw fixation (group 2). Clinical outcomes, radiographic outcomes and patient-reported outcomes were recorded. Results: Seventy-six patients with mean follow-up of 30 months were included. There were no significant differences in the mean operation time (81.0 ± 11.3 vs. 77.2 ± 12.4), ankle function at different periods of follow-up, range of motions and visual analog scale (VAS) at 24 months between the two groups ( p > 0.05). However, the rate of severe post-traumatic arthritis (Grade 2 and 3) and the rate of step-off rather than gap in radiological evaluation were lower in group 1 than that in group 2 ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Using our surgical technique, more patients had good outcome with a lower rate of severe post-traumatic arthritis, compared with the group of percutaneous anteroposterior screw fixation. Percutaneous posteroanterior screw fixation can be a convenient and reliable alternative in treating Haraguchi type 1 posterior malleolar fracture.

The Relationship between Serum Ferritin Levels and 5-Year All-Cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Emre Erdem ◽  
Ahmet Karatas ◽  
Tevfik Ecder
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The effect of high serum ferritin levels on long-term mortality in hemodialysis patients is unknown. The relationship between serum ferritin levels and 5-year all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients was investigated in this study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 173 prevalent hemodialysis patients were included in this study. The patients were followed for up to 5 years and divided into 3 groups according to time-averaged serum ferritin levels (group 1: serum ferritin &#x3c;800 ng/mL, group 2: serum ferritin 800–1,500 ng/mL, and group 3: serum ferritin &#x3e;1,500 ng/mL). Along with the serum ferritin levels, other clinical and laboratory variables that may affect mortality were also included in the Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Eighty-one (47%) patients died during the 5-year follow-up period. The median follow-up time was 38 (17.5–60) months. The 5-year survival rates of groups 1, 2, and 3 were 44, 64, and 27%, respectively. In group 3, the survival was lower than in groups 1 and 2 (log-rank test, <i>p</i> = 0.002). In group 1, the mortality was significantly lower than in group 3 (HR [95% CI]: 0.16 [0.05–0.49]; <i>p</i> = 0.001). In group 2, the mortality was also lower than in group 3 (HR [95% CI]: 0.32 [0.12–0.88]; <i>p</i> = 0.026). No significant difference in mortality between groups 1 and 2 was found (HR [95% CI]: 0.49 [0.23–1.04]; <i>p</i> = 0.063). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Time-averaged serum ferritin levels &#x3e;1,500 ng/mL in hemodialysis patients are associated with an increased 5-year all-cause mortality risk.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Reproducibility of CO2-Triggered BOLD MRI for the Hemodynamic Evaluation of Adult Patients with Moyamoya Angiopathy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Constantin Roder ◽  
Uwe Klose ◽  
Helene Hurth ◽  
Cornelia Brendle ◽  
Marcos Tatagiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Collateral Flow ◽  
Surgical Revascularization ◽  
Bold Mri ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Hemodynamic Evaluation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

<b><i>Background and Purpose:</i></b> Hemodynamic evaluation of moyamoya patients is crucial to decide the treatment strategy. Recently, CO<sub>2</sub>-triggered BOLD MRI has been shown to be a promising tool for the hemodynamic evaluation of moyamoya patients. However, the longitudinal reliability of this technique in follow-up examinations is unknown. This study aims to analyze longitudinal follow-up data of CO<sub>2</sub>-triggered BOLD MRI to prove the reliability of this technique for long-term control examinations in moyamoya patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Longitudinal CO<sub>2</sub> BOLD MRI follow-up examinations of moyamoya patients with and without surgical revascularization have been analyzed for all 6 vascular territories retrospectively. If revascularization was performed, any directly (by the disease or the bypass) or indirectly (due to change of collateral flow after revascularization) affected territory was excluded based on angiography findings (group 1). In patients without surgical revascularization between the MRI examinations, all territories were analyzed (group 2). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Eighteen moyamoya patients with 39 CO<sub>2</sub> BOLD MRI examinations fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The median follow-up between the 2 examinations was 12 months (range 4–29 months). For 106 vascular territories analyzed in group 1, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.784, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001, and for group 2 (84 territories), it was 0.899, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001. Within the total follow-up duration of 140 patient months, none of the patients experienced a new stroke. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> CO<sub>2</sub> BOLD MRI is a promising tool for mid- and long-term follow-up examinations of cerebral hemodynamics in moyamoya patients. Systematic prospective evaluation is required prior to making it a routine examination.

Etiology of Cartilage Lesions Does Not Affect Clinical Outcomes of Patellofemoral Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation

Cartilage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 194760352110309
Author(s):  
Alexandre Barbieri Mestriner ◽  
Jakob Ackermann ◽  
Gergo Merkely ◽  
Pedro Henrique Schmidt Alves Ferreira Galvão ◽  
Luiz Felipe Morlin Ambra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Cartilage Lesion ◽  
Chondrocyte Implantation ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Autologous Chondrocyte ◽  
Group 1

Objective To determine the relationship between cartilage lesion etiology and clinical outcomes after second-generation autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) in the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) with a minimum of 2 years’ follow-up. Methods A retrospective review of all patients that underwent ACI in the PFJ by a single surgeon was performed. Seventy-two patients with a mean follow-up of 4.2 ± 2.0 years were enrolled in this study and were stratified into 3 groups based on the etiology of PFJ cartilage lesions: patellar dislocation (group 1; n = 23); nontraumatic lesions, including chondromalacia, osteochondritis dissecans, and degenerative defects (group 2; n = 28); and other posttraumatic lesions besides patellar dislocations (group 3; n = 21). Patient’s mean age was 29.6 ± 8.7 years. Patients in group 1 were significantly younger (25.4 ± 7.9 years) than group 2 (31.7 ± 9.6 years; P = 0.025) and group 3 (31.5 ± 6.6 years; P = 0.05). Body mass index averaged 26.2 ± 4.3 kg/m2, with a significant difference between group 1 (24.4 ± 3.2 kg/m2) and group 3 (28.7 ± 4.5 kg/m2; P = 0.005). A clinical comparison was established between groups based on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and failure rates. Results Neither pre- nor postoperative PROMs differed between groups ( P > 0.05). No difference was seen in survivorship between groups (95.7% vs. 82.2% vs. 90.5%, P > 0.05). Conclusion Cartilage lesion etiology did not influence clinical outcome in this retrospective study after second generation ACI in the PFJ. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective comparative study.

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