Spondyloarthritis in Taihangshan Macaques (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ke-Li Pang ◽  
Qin-Qin Jin ◽  
Zan-An Yuan ◽  
Zhen-Jing Kuang ◽  
Ji-Qi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Rhesus Macaque ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Pubic Symphysis ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Captive Populations ◽  
Nonhuman Primate Species

The rhesus macaque (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>) is the most widely distributed nonhuman primate species, and captive populations play an important role in biomedical research due to close phylogenetic and physiological similarity to human beings. However, to our best knowledge, the spondyloarthritis (SpA) in rhesus macaques has been exclusively reported in captive or semicaptive populations rather than wild counterparts. In the present study, we report 2 cases of SpA observed in Taihangshan macaques (<i>Macaca mulatta tcheliensis</i>) inhabiting the Taihangshan Macaque National Nature Reserve, Henan Province, China. Among these 2 cases, one can be diagnosed as ankylosing spondylitis (AS) following accepted medical criteria, and another case showed evident fusion at the pubic symphysis which could be specific to rhesus macaque AS. We discuss the potential causes leading directly or indirectly to the development of SpA.

scholarly journals Analysis and annotation of genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in two nonhuman primate species using the Infinium Human Methylation 450K and EPIC BeadChips

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Pichon ◽  
Florence Busato ◽  
Simon Jochems ◽  
Beatrice Jacquelin ◽  
Roger Le Grand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Methylation Patterns ◽  
Green Monkeys ◽  
Nonhuman Primate Species

AbstractThe Infinium Human Methylation450 and Methylation EPIC BeadChips are useful tools for the study of the methylation state of hundreds of thousands of CpG across the human genome at affordable cost. However, in a wide range of experimental settings in particular for studies in infectious or brain-related diseases, human samples cannot be easily obtained. Hence, due to their close developmental, immunological and neurological proximity with humans, non-human primates are used in many research fields of human diseases and for preclinical research. Few studies have used DNA methylation microarrays in simian models. Microarrays designed for the analysis of DNA methylation patterns in the human genome could be useful given the genomic proximity between human and nonhuman primates. However, there is currently information lacking about the specificity and usability of each probe for many nonhuman primate species, including rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), originating from Asia, and African green monkeys originating from West-Africa (Chlorocebus sabaeus). Rhesus macaques and African green monkeys are among the major nonhuman primate models utilized in biomedical research. Here, we provide a precise evaluation and re-annotation of the probes of the two microarrays for the analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in these two Cercopithecidae species. We demonstrate that up to 162,000 of the 450K and 255,000 probes of the EPIC BeadChip can be reliably used in Macaca mulatta or Chlorocebus sabaeus. The annotation files are provided in a format compatible with a variety of preprocessing, normalization and analytical pipelines designed for data analysis from 450K/EPIC arrays, facilitating high-throughput DNA methylation analyses in Macaca mulatta and Chlorocebus sabaeus. They provide the opportunity to the research community to focus their analysis only on those probes identified as reliable. The described analytical workflow leaves the choice to the user to balance coverage versus specificity and can also be applied to other Cercopithecidae species.

scholarly journals A comprehensive atlas of white matter tracts in the chimpanzee

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Bryant ◽  
Longchuan Li ◽  
Nicole Eichert ◽  
Rogier B. Mars
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Human Lineage ◽  
Nonhuman Primate Species

AbstractChimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are, along with bonobos, humans’ closest living relatives. The advent of diffusion MRI tractography in recent years has allowed a resurgence of comparative neuroanatomical studies in humans and other primate species. Here we offer, in comparative perspective, the first chimpanzee white matter atlas, constructed from in vivo chimpanzee diffusion-weighted scans. Comparative white matter atlases provide a useful tool for identifying neuroanatomical differences and similarities between humans and other primate species. Until now, comprehensive fascicular atlases have been created for humans (Homo sapiens), rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and several other nonhuman primate species, but never in a nonhuman ape. Information on chimpanzee neuroanatomy is essential for understanding the anatomical specializations of white matter organization that are unique to the human lineage.

scholarly journals Analysis and annotation of DNA methylation in two nonhuman primate species using the Infinium Human Methylation 450K and EPIC BeadChips

Epigenomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-186
Author(s):  
Fabien Pichon ◽  
Yimin Shen ◽  
Florence Busato ◽  
Simon P Jochems ◽  
Beatrice Jacquelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Precise Evaluation ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Methylation Patterns ◽  
In Silico Analyses ◽  
Nonhuman Primate Species

Aim: Nonhuman primates are essential for research on many human diseases. The Infinium Human Methylation450/EPIC BeadChips are popular tools for the study of the methylation state across the human genome at affordable cost. Methods: We performed a precise evaluation and re-annotation of the BeadChip probes for the analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in rhesus macaques and African green monkeys through in silico analyses combined with functional validation by pyrosequencing. Results: Up to 165,847 of the 450K and 261,545 probes of the EPIC BeadChip can be reliably used. The annotation files are provided in a format compatible with a variety of standard bioinformatic pipelines. Conclusion: Our study will facilitate high-throughput DNA methylation analyses in Macaca mulatta and Chlorocebus sabaeus.

scholarly journals A comprehensive atlas of white matter tracts in the chimpanzee

PLoS Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. e3000971
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Bryant ◽  
Longchuan Li ◽  
Nicole Eichert ◽  
Rogier B. Mars
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Human Lineage ◽  
Nonhuman Primate Species

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are, along with bonobos, humans’ closest living relatives. The advent of diffusion MRI tractography in recent years has allowed a resurgence of comparative neuroanatomical studies in humans and other primate species. Here we offer, in comparative perspective, the first chimpanzee white matter atlas, constructed from in vivo chimpanzee diffusion-weighted scans. Comparative white matter atlases provide a useful tool for identifying neuroanatomical differences and similarities between humans and other primate species. Until now, comprehensive fascicular atlases have been created for humans (Homo sapiens), rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and several other nonhuman primate species, but never in a nonhuman ape. Information on chimpanzee neuroanatomy is essential for understanding the anatomical specializations of white matter organization that are unique to the human lineage.

scholarly journals Experimental infection characteristics ofBordetellapertussis via aerosol challenge on rhesus macaques

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dachao Mou ◽  
Peng Luo ◽  
Jiangli Liang ◽  
Qiuyan Ji ◽  
Lichan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Macaque ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Infant Rhesus

AbstractThe effect of aerosol challenge of rhesus macaques withBordetella pertussisand the feasibility of using rhesus monkeys as an animal model for pertussis infection were evaluated in this study. Four 1-year old rhesus macaques were aerosol challenged withB. pertussisat the concentration of 105CFU/mL for 30 min (group 1) or 60 min (group 2). Rectal temperature was found slightly increased at days 3 and 5 and returned to baseline levels at day 21 after challenge. White blood cell counts peaked at day 7, with a 4.7~6.1-fold increase and returned to baseline levels at day 45. Bacteria colonization of nasopharyngeal swabs was observed, and the number of colonies was gradually increased and peaked at day 14, reaching 5.4-8.1 × 106/mL. The seroconversion rate of anti-pertussis toxin (PT), pertactin (PRN), and filamentous hemagglutinin(FHA) antibodies was 100%, with an increase in geometric mean titers after challenge. Analysis of cytokines revealed that the levels of cytokines including IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-13, IL-12, and IL-18 were significantly increased at days 5 to 14 in group 2. These results demonstrate that the characteristic of pertussis infection in infant rhesus macaque was similar as in human beings, which provide a clue to using infant rhesus macaque as a candidate model for pertussis infection in the future studies

scholarly journals Experimental evidence that female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) perceive variation in male facial masculinity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Rosenfield ◽  
Stuart Semple ◽  
Alexander V. Georgiev ◽  
Dario Maestripieri ◽  
James P. Higham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Face Shape ◽  
Facial Masculinity ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractAmong many primate species, face shape is sexually dimorphic, and male facial masculinity has been proposed to influence female mate choice and male-male competition by signalling competitive ability. However, whether conspecifics pay attention to facial masculinity has only been assessed in humans. In a study of free-ranging rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, we used a two-alternative look-time experiment to test whether females perceive male facial masculinity. We presented 107 females with pairs of images of male faces – one with a more masculine shape and one more feminine – and recorded their looking behaviour. Females looked at the masculine face longer than at the feminine face in more trials than predicted by chance. Although there was no overall difference in average look-time between masculine and feminine faces across all trials, females looked significantly longer at masculine faces in a subset of trials for which the within-pair difference in masculinity was most pronounced. Additionally, the proportion of time subjects looked toward the masculine face increased as the within-pair difference in masculinity increased. This study provides evidence that female macaques perceive variation in male facial shape, a necessary condition for intersexual selection to operate on such a trait. It also highlights the potential impact of perceptual thresholds on look-time experiments.

scholarly journals Experimental evidence that female rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) perceive variation in male facial masculinity

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 181415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Rosenfield ◽  
Stuart Semple ◽  
Alexander V. Georgiev ◽  
Dario Maestripieri ◽  
James P. Higham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Face Shape ◽  
Facial Masculinity ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Free Ranging

Among many primate species, face shape is sexually dimorphic, and male facial masculinity has been proposed to influence female mate choice and male–male competition by signalling competitive ability. However, whether conspecifics pay attention to facial masculinity has only been assessed in humans. In a study of free-ranging rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta , we used a two-alternative look-time experiment to test whether females perceive male facial masculinity. We presented 107 females with pairs of images of male faces—one with a more masculine shape and one more feminine—and recorded their looking behaviour. Females looked at the masculine face longer than at the feminine face in more trials than predicted by chance. Although there was no overall difference in average look-time between masculine and feminine faces across all trials, females looked significantly longer at masculine faces in a subset of trials for which the within-pair difference in masculinity was most pronounced. Additionally, the proportion of time subjects looked toward the masculine face increased as the within-pair difference in masculinity increased. This study provides evidence that female macaques perceive variation in male facial shape, a necessary condition for intersexual selection to operate on such a trait. It also highlights the potential impact of perceptual thresholds on look-time experiments.

scholarly journals Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in a human-modified landscape: population, activity budget, and societal perceptions in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 19203-19211
Author(s):  
Sufia Akter Neha ◽  
Mohammad Ashraf Ul Hasan ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Baki ◽  
Subrina Sehrin
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Macaque ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Activity Budget ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Management Interventions

Rhesus Macaques are widely distributed and ecologically diverse primate species that attract special focus from the research and conservation approaches. We studied population, activity budget, and societal perceptions of Rhesus Macaque at Old Dhaka City, Bangladesh from March 2015 to February 2016. Total count was used to determine the group size and composition. Daily activity budgets of Rhesus Macaques were studied using scan sampling method. Questionnaire survey was conducted to know the attitudes of local people towards monkey conservation in the area. Seven groups with a total of 169 individuals were recorded. The population density was 15.5 individuals/ km² and group size ranged from 8 to 63 individuals.  Rhesus Macaque spent most of their time in resting (38.5%) followed by feeding (25.7%), moving (18.4%), grooming (12.8%), and playing or object manipulation (4.6%). There was a significant variation in each behavioral activity among the age-sex classes. Questionnaire survey revealed that property damage was the main problem created by the monkeys. A significant majority of people (83.4%) held a positive outlook toward conservation of this species. Variables such as religion, education, and occupation of the respondents significantly influenced their opinion about conservation. These findings have implications for not only conservation and management interventions of Rhesus Macaque but also helpful for minimizing human-monkey interactions in urban areas. 

scholarly journals Myeloid cell-driven nonregenerative pulmonary scarring is conserved in multiple nonhuman primate species regardless of SARS-CoV-2 infection modality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa C Fears ◽  
Brandon J Beddingfield ◽  
Nicole R Chirichella ◽  
Nadia Slisarenko ◽  
Stephanie Z Killeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Clinical Onset ◽  
Chlorocebus Aethiops ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Green Monkeys

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused a worldwide pandemic resulting in widespread efforts in development of animal models that recapitulate human disease for evaluation of medical countermeasures, and to dissect COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. We tested whether route of experimental infection substantially changes COVID-19 disease characteristics in two species (Macaca mulatta; rhesus macaques; RM, Chlorocebus atheiops; African green monkeys; AGM) of nonhuman primates. Species-specific cohorts of RM and AGM Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, RMs) and African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops, AGMs) were experimentally infected with homologous SARS-CoV-2 by either direct mucosal instillation or small particle aerosol in route-discrete subcohorts. Both species demonstrated equivalent infection initially by either exposure route although the magnitude and duration of viral loading was greater in AGMs than that of the RM. Clinical onset was nearly immediate (+1dpi) in mucosally-exposed cohorts whereas aerosol-infected animals began to show signs +7dpi. Myeloid cell responses indicative of the development of pulmonary scarring and extended lack of regenerative capacity in the pulmonary compartment was a conserved pathologic response in both species by either exposure modality. This pathological commonality may be useful in future anti-fibrosis therapeutic evaluations and expands our understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to ARDS and functional lung damage.

scholarly journals Hierarchical organization of rhesus macaque behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Voloh ◽  
Benjamin R. Eisenreich ◽  
David JN Maisson ◽  
R. Becket Ebitz ◽  
Hyun Soo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Macaque ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Primate Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Tracking ◽  
Hierarchical Nature ◽  
Continuous Measures ◽  
Male Rhesus ◽  
And Task

Primatologists, psychologists and neuroscientists have long hypothesized that primate behavior is highly structured. However, fully delineating that structure has been impossible due to the difficulties of precision behavioral tracking. Here we analyzed a dataset consisting of continuous measures of the 3D position of fifteen body landmarks from two male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) performing three different tasks in a large unrestrained environment over many hours. Using an unsupervised embedding approach on the tracked joints, we identified commonly repeated pose patterns, which we call postures. We found that macaques' behavior is characterized by 49 distinct identifiable postures, lasting an average of 0.6 seconds each. We found evidence that behavior is hierarchically organized, in that transitions between poses tend to occur within larger modules, which correspond to intuitively identifiably actions; these actions are in turn organized hierarchically. Our behavioral decomposition allows us to identify universal (cross-individual and cross-task) and unique (specific to each individual and task) principles of behavior. These results demonstrate the hierarchical nature of primate behavior and provide a method for the automated "ethogramming" of primate behavior.

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