Full-field Electroretinography Changes Associated with Age-related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses

Background: To systematically review the literature and to perform meta-analyses on full-field electroretinography (ffERG) between healthy controls and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) to map the extent of retinal dysfunction. Summary: We systematically searched 11 databases on 3 March 2021. Eligible studies had to measure retinal function using ffERG in eyes with AMD and in healthy controls. We extracted data on a-wave and b-wave function in dark- and light-adapted ffERG, and calculated summary estimates on differences between eyes with AMD and controls using weighted mean differences (WMD). Subgroup analyses were made for early and late AMD. Six studies (n=481 eyes) were eligible for review (301 with any AMD, 180 controls). For dark-adapted data, any AMD was associated with reduced a-wave amplitude (WMD: -17.16 µV; 95% CI: -31.79 to -2.52 µV; P=0.02) and b-wave amplitude (WMD: -28.70 µV; 95% CI: -51.40 to -6.01 µV; P=0.01). For light-adapted data, any AMD was associated with longer a-wave implicit time (WMD: 0.92 ms; 95% CI: 0.12 to 1.72 ms; P=0.02), reduced b-wave amplitude (WMD: -13.26 µV; 95% CI: -18.64 to -7.88 µV; P<0.0001), and longer b-wave implicit time (WMD: 0.69 ms; 95% CI: 0.30 to 1.08 ms; P=0.0006). Subgroup analyses found that these changes were only statistically significant in eyes with late AMD, not early AMD. Key messages: Reduced retinal function on ffERG is present in eyes with AMD, in particular those with late AMD. These findings suggest that AMD is a pan-retinal disease with AMD-associated photoreceptor dysfunction beyond the macula.

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Gene polymorphisms associated with an increased risk of exudative age-related macular degeneration in a Spanish population

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/11206721211002698 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212110026

Author(s):

Pablo Gili ◽

Leyre Lloreda Martín ◽

José-Carlos Martín-Rodrigo ◽

Naon Kim-Yeon ◽

Laura Modamio-Gardeta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Spanish Population ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Exudative Amd ◽

Age Related ◽

Increased Risk

Purpose: To identify the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CFH, ARMS2, HTRA1, CFB, C2, and C3 genes and exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a Spanish population. Methods: In 187 exudative AMD patients and 196 healthy controls (61% women, mean age 75 years), 12 SNPs as risk factors for AMD in CFH (rs1410996, rs1061170, r380390), ARMS2 (rs10490924, rs10490923), HTRA1 (rs11200638), CFB (rs641153), C2 (rs547154, rs9332739), and C3 (rs147859257, rs2230199, rs1047286) genes were analyzed. Results: The G allele was the most frequent in CFH gene (rs1410996) with a 7-fold increased risk of AMD (OR 7.69, 95% CI 3.17–18.69), whereas carriers of C allele in CFH (rs1061170) showed a 3-fold increased risk for AMD (OR 3.22, 95% CI 1.93–5.40). In CFH (rs380390), the presence of G allele increased the risk for AMD by 2-fold (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.47–4.30). In ARMS2 (rs10490924), the T-allele was associated with an almost 5-fold increased risk (OR 5.49, 95% CI 3.23–9.31). The A allele in HTRA1 (rs11200638) was more prevalent in AMD versus controls (OR 6.44, 95% CI 3.62–11.47). In C2 gene (rs9332739) the presence of C increased risk for AMD by 3-fold (OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.06–9.06). Conclusion: SNPs in CFH, ARMS2, HTRA1, and C2 genes were associated in our study with an increased risk for exudative AMD in Spanish patients.

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