scholarly journals Cooperative-hybrid detection of primary user emulators in cognitive radio networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 3116 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Adebo ◽  
E. N. Onwuka ◽  
A. U. Usman ◽  
A. J. Onumanyi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Cognitive Radio Networks ◽  
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Channel Fading ◽  
Secondary Users ◽  
Localization Scheme ◽  
Hybrid Detection ◽  
Speed Accuracy

Primary user emulator (PUE) attack occurs in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) when a malicious secondary user (SU) poses as a primary user (PU) in order to deprive other legitimate SUs the right to free spectral access for opportunistic communication. In most cases, these legitimate SUs are unable to effectively detect PUEs because the quality of the signals received from a PUE may be severely attenuated by channel fading and/or shadowing. Consequently, in this paper, we have investigated the use of cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) to improve PUE detection based on a hybrid localization scheme. We considered different pairs of secondary users (SUs) over different received signal strength (RSS) values to evaluate the energy efficiency, accuracy, and speed of the new cooperative scheme. Based on computer simulations, our findings suggest that a PUE can be effectively detected by a pair of SUs with a low Root Mean Square Error rate of 0.0047 even though these SUs may have close RSS values within the same cluster. Furthermore, our scheme performs better in terms of speed, accuracy and low energy consumption rates when compared with other PUE detection schemes. Thus, it is a viable proposition to better detect PUEs in CRNs.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Cooperative Spectrum Sensing under Guaranteed Throughput Constraints for Cognitive Radio Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Al-Doseri ◽  
M. A. Mangoud
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Cognitive Radio Networks ◽  
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Cooperative Sensing ◽  
Soft Decision ◽  
Secondary Users ◽  
Sensing Time

One of the main challenges in cognitive radio networks is the ability of secondary users to detect the primary user presence with high probability of detection. In previous research, optimizing cooperative sensing in cognitive radio networks is performed for either a targeted probability of detection or a false alarm. After setting one of the probabilities as an optimization constraint, the other is optimized. In this paper, a guaranteed constant throughput at the secondary users is introduced as a target while optimizing probability of detection for cooperative sensing. Both sensing time values and number of cooperated cognitive radio secondary users are investigated to maximize the probability of detection of primary user. AND and OR hard decision schemes are considered and compared with soft decision scheme which is weighted modified deflection coefficient scheme (W-MDC). It is illustrated that cooperation of all users and utilizing full frames for sensing time will not provide maximum probability of detection. A tradeoff between performances of cognitive radio networks with and without optimization is presented. The effects of varying network sizes, normalized target throughput, maximum frame duration times, and received signal-to-noise ratio at the fusion center are investigated for different fusion rules.

A SURVEY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF OPPORTUNISTIC SPECTRUM ACCESS ATTACK WITH ITS PREVENTIVE SENSING PROTOCOLS IN COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Monisha Ravi ◽  
Nisha Ravi ◽  
N. Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Cognitive Radio Networks ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Spectrum Efficiency ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Secondary Users ◽  
Primary User Emulation Attack ◽  
Research Areas

Recently, the expansive growth of wireless services, regulated by governmental agencies assigning spectrum to licensed users, has led to a shortage of radio spectrum. Since the FCC (Federal Communications Commissions) approved unlicensed users to access the unused channels of the reserved spectrum, new research areas seeped in, to develop Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN), in order to improve spectrum efficiency and to exploit this feature by enabling secondary users to gain from the spectrum in an opportunistic manner via optimally distributed traffic demands over the spectrum, so as to reduce the risk for monetary loss, from the unused channels. However, Cognitive Radio Networks become vulnerable to various classes of threats that decrease the bandwidth and spectrum usage efficiency. Hence, this survey deals with defining and demonstrating framework of one such attack called the Primary User Emulation Attack and suggests preventive Sensing Protocols to counteract the same. It presents a scenario of the attack and its prevention using Network Simulator-2 for the attack performances and gives an outlook on the various techniques defined to curb the anomaly.

Analysis on Communication Performance for Secondary Users Classified in Cognitive Radio Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 271-272 ◽  
pp. 668-673
Author(s):  
Shan Shan Wang ◽  
Xing Guo Luo ◽  
Bai Nan Li
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Cognitive Radio Networks ◽  
Queuing Theory ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Secondary Users ◽  
Communication Performance ◽  
Priority Level

Cognitive Radio Networks is an effective technology and a hot research direction which can solve the problem of deficient resource and revolutionize utilization. In order to enhance the communication efficiency, secondary users are classified by some strategy. We exploit the queuing theory model to research on the communication performance of secondary users, considering primary user as the first grade user and secondary users as other grades users. The research results indicate that the users which have lower priority level are more sensitive than those have higher priority level when primary user appears. Under Primary User Emulation Attack (PUEA), if the number of secondary users reaches 300, the waiting time would larger than 15 minutes. And if the appearance rate of PUEA reaches 4, the break-out rate would be 80%, which is much harmful for CRN.

Spectrum Sensing with Clustering in Cognitive Radio Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 1941-1944
Author(s):  
Jie Guo ◽  
Da Hai Jing ◽  
Yan Gu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Cognitive Radio Networks ◽  
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Fusion Rule ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Sensing Model ◽  
Spectrum Band

The main task of spectrum sensing in cognitive radio network is to decide whether the primary user is occupying the specific spectrum band or not. So the main purpose of spectrum sensing is to design a detector with better detection performance. This paper studies a spectrum sensing method with clustering under cognitive radio networks. We studied the cooperative spectrum sensing model with clustering by hard fusion rule, and also proposed the simulation model and steps of this cluster-based spectrum sensing problem under Majority rule. Simulation results show that the spectrum sensing method with clustering has better performance than the other methods.

scholarly journals Performance Metrics in Cognitive Radio Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ali Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Cognitive Radio Networks ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Secondary Users ◽  
Primary User Emulation Attack

In Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN), the main aim is to allow the secondary users (SUs) to identify the empty bands and use them to transmit or receive data opportunistically. Primary users (PUs) have the priority to use a channel, while the secondary users must vacant this channel once a primary user requests it. An attack known in cognitive radio networks as a Primary User Emulation Attack (PUEA) aims to prevent the SU from using the empty bands. In this paper, an analytical and experimental approach is presented to mitigate the PUEA. This approach is based on obtaining the Probability Density Functions (PDFs) of the received powers at the secondary users from malicious nodes and also from the primary transmitter in the cognitive network. Then, these obtained PDFs are used in Neyman-Pearson composite hypothesis test to measure the performance metrics (probability of false alarm and miss detection in the network). The results proved that the performance metrics were greatly influenced by the network area, where the secondary user is located, and the threshold value λ used in the decision rule. Also, there are boundaries for the λ choices that cannot be overtaken.

scholarly journals Spectrum Handoff in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 765-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisar Lala ◽  
Altaf Balkhi ◽  
G M Mir
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Cognitive Radio Networks ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Spectrum Utilization ◽  
Secondary Users ◽  
Spectrum Handoff ◽  
Suitable Target ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Minimum Performance

Cognitive radio (CR) is a promising solution to improve the spectrum utilization by enabling unlicensed users to exploit the spectrum in an opportunistic manner. Spectrum handoff is a different type of handoff in CR necessitated by the reappearance of primary user (PU) in the licensed band presently occupied by the secondary users (SUs). Spectrum handoff procedures aim to help the SUs to vacate the occupied licensed spectrum and find suitable target channel to resume the unfinished transmission. The purpose of spectrum mobility management in cognitive radio networks is to make sure that the transitions are made smoothly and rapidly such that the applications running on a cognitive user perceive minimum performance degradation during a spectrum handoff. In this paper, we will survey the literature on spectrum handoff in cognitive radio networks.

Optimal Linear Weighted Cooperative Spectrum Sensing for Clustered-based Cognitive Radio Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Ye ◽  
Jiabao Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Cognitive Radio Networks ◽  
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Channel Fading ◽  
Spectrum Utilization ◽  
Optimal Linear ◽  
Static Division

Abstract The lack of spectrum resources restricts the development of the wireless communication-oriented applications. In order to solve the problems of low spectrum utilization and channel congestion caused by the static division of spectrum resource, cognitive radio is regarded as an effective technology. Cooperative spectrum sensing with multi cognitive users can improve the low detection performance caused by channel fading or shadow effect. However, it also may lead to poor detection accuracy due to poor channel conditions of individual users. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes an optimal linear weighted cooperative spectrum sensing for clustered-based cognitive radio networks. In this scheme, different weight values will be assigned for cooperative nodes according to the SNR of cognitive users and the historical sensing accuracy. In addition, the cognitive users can be clustered, and the users with the better channel characteristics will be selected as cluster heads for gathering the local sensing information. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can obtain better sensing performance, improve the detection probability and reduce the error probability.

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