scholarly journals Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes of a patient with severe hyperkalemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarvesh Seger
Keyword(s):  
Ecg Changes ◽  
Severe Hyperkalemia ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

scholarly journals Double Trouble of Severe Hyperkalemia: Syncope and No Significant ECG Changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Chaddad
Keyword(s):  
Electric Activity ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Ecg Changes ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contractility ◽  
Electrolyte Disorder ◽  
Impulse Generation ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Severe Hyperkalemia ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

Potassium is an important ion capable to maintain intra-extracellular electric gradient. Hyperkalemia is a common and potential life-threatening electrolyte disorder in patients presenting to the emergency setting. Variations in the intra-extracellular ionic flow may alter cells functions, skeletal and smooth muscle contractility and electric activity of myocardial cells. Hyperkalemia can be difficult to diagnose clinically because symptoms may be vague. Patients may be asymptomatic or report non-specific symptoms such as generalized fatigue, weakness, paralysis or palpitations. Syncope is unusual neurological manifestation. An increase in serum potassium levels is followed by progressively severe electrophysiological derangements in cardiac impulse generation and conduction, which are reflected in the electrocardiogram (ECG).

scholarly journals Time Course of ECG Depolarization and Repolarization Changes during Ischemia in PTCA Recordings

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (01) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. García ◽  
G. Wagner ◽  
R. Bailón ◽  
L. Sörnmo ◽  
P. Laguna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Wave Amplitude ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Ecg Changes ◽  
T Complex ◽  
Karhunen Loeve Transform ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

Summary Objectives: In this work we studied the temporal evolution of changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG) as a consequence of the induced ischemia during prolonged coronary angioplasty, comparing the time course of indexes reflecting depolarization and those reflecting repolarization. Methods: We considered both local (measured at specific points of the ECG) and global (obtained from the Karhunen-Loève transform) indexes. In particular, the evolution of Q, R and S wave amplitudes during ischemia was analyzed with respect to classical indexes such as ST level. As a measurement of sensitivity we used an Ischemic Changes Sensor (ICS), which reflects the capacity of an index to detect changes in the ECG. Results: The results showed that, in leads with low-amplitude ST-T complexes, the S wave amplitude was more sensitive in detecting ischemia than was the commonly used index ST60. It was found that in such leads the S wave amplitude initially exhibited a delayed response to ischemia when compared to ST60, but its performance was better from the second minute of occlusion. The global indexes describing the ST-T complex were, in terms of the ICS, superior to the S wave amplitude for ischemia detection. Conclusions: Ischemic ECG changes occur both at repolarization and depolarization, with alterations in the depolarization period appearing later in time. Local indexes are less sensitive to ischemia than global ones.

scholarly journals Postoperative ‘STEMI’ in Intracerebral Hemorrhage due to Arteriovenous Malformation: A Case Report and Review of Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ravinder Datt Bhanot ◽  
Jasleen Kaur ◽  
Shitiz Sriwastawa ◽  
Kendall Bell ◽  
Kushak Suchdev
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Fibrinolytic Agents ◽  
Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage ◽  
Ecg Changes ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes suggestive of cardiac ischemia are frequently demonstrated in patients with ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, little is known of such changes particularly acute ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), especially after neurosurgery. We present a patient with intraparenchymal hemorrhage due to cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) who exhibited acute STEMI after neurosurgery. Serial cardiac biomarkers and echocardiograms were performed which did not reveal any evidence of acute myocardial infarction. The patient was managed conservatively from cardiac stand point with no employment of anticoagulants, antiplatelet therapy, fibrinolytic agents, or angioplasty and recovered well with minimal neurological deficit. This case highlights that diffuse cardiac ischemic signs on the ECG can occur in the setting of an ICH after neurosurgery, potentially posing a difficult diagnostic and management conundrum.

scholarly journals Review and Management of the Dental Patient With Long QT Syndrome (LQTS)

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Rochford ◽  
R. David Seldin
Keyword(s):  
Long Qt Syndrome ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Torsades De Pointes ◽  
Ecg Changes ◽  
Long Qt ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Dental Patient ◽  
Qt Syndrome ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgeon ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

Abstract Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a unique cardiovascular condition, with both congenital and acquired forms that afflict patients. These patients show a lengthening of the repolarization phase of the cardiac cycle, which can be best visualized on an electrocardiogram (ECG). The ECG changes can include QT interval (the time between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave, as seen on an ECG) and T wave abnormalities, as well as progression to torsades de pointes and ventricular fibrillation. The ECG changes are most commonly elicited by physical activity, emotional stress, and certain medications. This condition represents a challenge for the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. Patients with LQTS must receive proper medical management and a controlled and anxiety-free surgical environment. The purpose of this article was to present a review of LQTS and provide recommendations for effective surgical management. Additionally, a case report of a patient with LQTS, treated by one of the authors, has been included.

fMLP provokes coronary vasoconstriction and myocardial ischemia in rabbits

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (3) ◽  
pp. H481-H486 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Gillespie ◽  
D. C. Booth ◽  
B. J. Friedman ◽  
M. R. Cunningham ◽  
M. Jay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Coronary Spasm ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ecg Changes ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Perfusion Defects ◽  
The Right ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

Recent pathological studies of coronary arteries from humans with suspected coronary spasm have revealed an augmented intramural burden of inflammatory cells. To test the hypothesis that inappropriate activation of inflammatory cells participates in the evolution of coronary vasospasm, the present experiments employed a newly developed coronary arteriographic technique for use in pentobarbital-anesthetized rabbits to evaluate the coronary vasomotor actions of the nonselective inflammatory cell stimulant, N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP). In 10 of 10 animals, selective left intracoronary injection of 200 ng fMLP evoked profound left coronary narrowing accompanied in all cases by ST segment deviation and dysrhythmias. Thallium-201 scintigraphy demonstrated hypoperfusion of the left ventricular free wall and septum supplied by the spastic coronary artery. The fMLP-induced epicardial vaso-constriction, ischemic electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, and thallium perfusion defects were reversed by intravenous nitroglycerin. Neither the right coronary artery nor its distribution were influenced by left coronary injection of fMLP. Additional experiments in isolated, salt solution-perfused rabbit hearts demonstrated that fMLP failed to exert direct coronary vasoconstrictor effects. These observations indicate that the non-selective inflammatory cell stimulant, fMLP, provokes arteriographically demonstrable coronary spasm with attendant myocardial hypoperfusion and ischemic ECG changes in anesthetized rabbits. Such a model may be useful in exploring the dynamic role of inflammatory cells in development of coronary spasm.

Classification of the mechanisms by which cardiotoxic plant poisons exert their effects

2021 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2021-140406
Author(s):  
George Huntington
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Cardiac Myocyte ◽  
Antiarrhythmic Agents ◽  
Ecg Changes ◽  
Psychotropic Effect ◽  
Source Plant ◽  
Receptor Targets ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
Wild Garlic

Episodes of poisoning due to plant-based toxins are an unusual presentation to the emergency department. Plant poisons may be ingested if the source plant is misidentified as benign (eg, Lily of the Valley being mistaken for wild garlic and water hemlock being mistaken for wild celery), or taken as part of a complementary medicine regime or otherwise for psychotropic effect. Numerous plant poisons demonstrate cardiotoxic effects resulting from action against cardiac myocyte ion channels, or other cardiac receptor targets. These mechanisms will produce stereotyped symptoms and including electrocardiogram (ECG) changes dependent on which ion channels or receptors are targeted. These mechanisms are stereotyped and may be grouped by toxidromic effect. This article proposes a novel classification of cardiotoxic plant poisons based on these actions. Given that these mechanisms mirror the Vaughan Williams classification used to categorise therapeutic antiarrhythmic agents, it is felt that this will serve as a mnemonic and diagnostic aid in clinical situations of cardiotoxic plant ingestion.

scholarly journals Electrocardiogram Changes with Acute Alcohol Intoxication: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitesh Raheja ◽  
Vinod Namana ◽  
Kirti Chopra ◽  
Ankur Sinha ◽  
Sushilkumar Satish Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Qrs Complex ◽  
Qtc Prolongation ◽  
Ecg Changes ◽  
T Wave ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

Background: Acute alcohol intoxication has been associated with cardiac arrhythmias but the electrocardiogram (ECG) changes associated with acute alcohol intoxication are not well defined in the literature. Objective: Highlight the best evidence regarding the ECG changes associated with acute alcohol intoxication in otherwise healthy patients and the pathophysiology of the changes. Methods: A literature search was carried out; 4 studies relating to ECG changes with acute alcohol intoxication were included in this review. Results: Of the total 141 patients included in the review, 90 (63.8%) patients had P-wave prolongation, 80 (56%) patients had QTc prolongation, 19 (13.5%) patients developed T-wave abnormalities, 10 (7%) patients had QRS complex prolongation, 3 (2.12%) patients developed ST-segment depressions. Conclusion: The most common ECG changes associated with acute alcohol intoxication are (in decreasing order of frequency) P-wave and QTc prolongation, followed by T-wave abnormalities and QRS complex prolongation. Mostly, these changes are completely reversible.

An unusual cause of hypotension and abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) — scombroid poisoning

Open Medicine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Lionte
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Ecg Changes ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

AbstractScombroid fish or histamine food poisoning is an illness typically associated with fish consumption, rarely encountered and reported in Europe. Symptoms develop quickly and resemble an allergic reaction. This paper reports three cases of severe scombroid poisoning in previously healthy patients, which presented diffuse macular erythema, hypotension, palpitations, and abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG). All patients required intensive care, with a complete resolution of symptoms and ECG changes within 24 hours. This is the first Romanian report of scombroid poisoning, emphasizing that medical personnel should be aware of this condition, because symptoms and ECG changes often lead to confusion with other diseases.

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