scholarly journals Peer effects in consumption: a spatial demand system estimation using data from Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Leyi Li
Keyword(s):  
Peer Effects ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Demand System Estimation ◽  
Spatial Demand

scholarly journals U.S. Consumer Demand for Plant-Based Milk Alternative Beverages: Hedonic Metric Augmented Barten’s Synthetic Model

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Tingyi Yang ◽  
Senarath Dharmasena
Keyword(s):  
Hedonic Pricing ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Soy Milk ◽  
Purchasing Behavior ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Hedonic Pricing Model ◽  
Inelastic Demand ◽  
Demand System Estimation ◽  
Nutritional Data ◽  
Conventional Milk

Consumers in the U.S. increasingly prefer plant-based milk alternative beverages (abbreviated “plant milk”) to conventional milk. This study is motivated by the need to take into consideration varied nutritional and qualitative attributes in plant milk to examine consumers’ purchasing behavior and estimate demand elasticities which are achieved by a new approach combing hedonic pricing model with Barten’s synthetic demand system. The method of estimation is enlightened from the common practice of companies differentiating their products in multidimensions in terms of attributes. A research dataset was uniquely created by associating the products’ purchase data from Nielsen Homescan dataset with exclusive first-hand nutritional data. Estimations began with creating a multidimensional hedonic attribute space based on the qualitative information of different types of plant milk and conventional milk available to consumers and then calculating the hedonic distances by Euclidean distance measurement to reparametrize Barten’s synthetic demand system. Estimation results showed that the highest own-price elasticity pertained to soy milk which was −0.25. Three plant milk types had inelastic demand. Soy milk exerted substituting effects on all types of conventional milk products and vice versa. Soy milk, rice milk and almond milk entertained complementary relationships between each other and four types of conventional milk were strong substitutes within the group.

Tax Reform and Welfare Measurement: Do We Need Demand System Estimation?

1996 ◽  
Vol 106 (438) ◽  
pp. 1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Banks ◽  
Richard Blundell ◽  
Arthur Lewbel
Keyword(s):  
Tax Reform ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Welfare Measurement ◽  
Demand System Estimation

scholarly journals Peer effects on the United States Supreme Court

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 981-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Holden ◽  
Michael Keane ◽  
Matthew Lilley
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Peer Effects ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
United States Supreme Court ◽  
Supreme Court Decision ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mechanical Effect ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Circuit Courts

Using data on essentially every U.S. Supreme Court decision since 1946, we estimate a model of peer effects on the Court. We estimate the impact of justice ideology and justice votes on the votes of their peers. To identify the peer effects, we use two instruments that generate plausibly exogenous variation in the peer group itself, or in the votes of peers. The first instrument utilizes the fact that the composition of the Court varies from case to case due to recusals or absences for health reasons. The second utilizes the fact that many justices previously sat on Federal Circuit Courts, and justices are generally much less likely to overturn decisions in cases sourced from their former “home” court. We find large peer effects. For example, we can use our model to predict the impact of replacing Justice Ginsburg with Justice Barrett. Under the the assumption that Justice Barrett's ideological position aligns closely with Justice Scalia, for whom she clerked, we predict that her influence on the Court will increase the Conservative vote propensity of the other justices by 4.7 percentage points. That translates into 0.38 extra conservative votes per case on top of the impact of her own vote. In general, we find indirect effects are large relative to the direct mechanical effect of a justice's own vote.

Constrained Utility Maximization and Demand System Estimation

2011 ◽  
pp. 6-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas E. Piggott ◽  
Thomas L. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Utility Maximization ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Additional Hypothesis ◽  
Inverse Systems ◽  
Functional Forms ◽  
Demand System Estimation ◽  
System Analyst ◽  
General Demand

This article provides an overview of the literature on consumer and demand system analysis with emphasis on complete food demand systems. It presents theoretical foundations, constrained utility maximization, properties, and general demand restrictions. It discusses dual functions, including the expenditure function, the indirect utility function, and the distance function. The first three dual approaches are standard tools of the applied demand system analyst. Then it introduces the issue of welfare effects and integrability along with separability and aggregation. The article also provides a review of functional forms and covers econometric issues that include estimation, inference and hypothesis testing, specification tests, and other empirical issues. Models of the almost ideal demand and inverse systems as well as some additional hypothesis tests and inferences regarding model performance are estimated and reported.

scholarly journals Food demand in Brazil: an application of Shonkwiler & Yen Two-Step estimation method

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Bragança Coelho ◽  
Danilo Rolim Dias de Aguiar ◽  
James S. Eales
Keyword(s):  
Functional Form ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Negative Income ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Stage Estimation ◽  
Two Step Estimation

The objective of the analysis is to estimate a demand system including eighteen food products using data from a Brazilian Household Budget Survey carried out in 2002 and 2003 (POF 2002/2003). The functional form used was Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS). Estimation employs the Shonkwiler and Yen method to account for zero consumption. Results showed that purchase probabilities of staples foods were negatively related to family monthly income, while meat, milk and other products showed a positive relation. Regional, educational and urbanization variables were also important in the first stage estimation. While some of the goods had negative income coefficients, none were inferior and six of eighteen were luxuries based on second stage estimates.

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