scholarly journals Erythrocyte n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Gut Microbiota and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1452-1452
Author(s):  
Ze-Lei Miao ◽  
Ju-Sheng Zheng ◽  
Yu-Ming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Prospective Association

Abstract Objectives To examine the prospective association of erythrocyte n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the potential role of gut microbiota. Methods 2731 non-T2D participants recruited between 2008–2013 in the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study were included in the present study. 276 incident T2D was ascertained after a median follow-up of 6.2 years, and 16S rRNA profiling was conducted using stool samples collected during follow-up. We examined the prospective association of erythrocyte n-6 PUFA biomarkers with incident T2D, and with diversity and composition of gut microbiota. Results Higher levels of erythrocyte γ-linolenic acid (GLA) were associated with higher T2D risk, with relative risk (quartile 4 versus 1) 1.72 (95% confidence intervals: 1.21, 2.44), adjusting for potential confounders. No association with T2D was found for erythrocyte linoleic acid or arachidonic acid. Baseline GLA was inversely associated with gut microbial richness and diversity (α-diversity, both P < 0.05) during follow-up, and significantly associated with microbiota β-diversity (P = 0.002). Seven genera (Butyrivibrio, Blautia, Oscillospira, Odoribacter, S24–7 other, Rikenellaceae other, and Clostridiales other) were enriched in quartile 1 of GLA, and in participants without T2D. Conclusions The present study suggests that erythrocyte GLA biomarker is positively associated with incident T2D in a Chinese population. High GLA status is associated with unfavorable gut microbial profiles, which may contribute to the increased risk of T2D. These results highlight that gut microbiota may play an important role linking n-6 PUFA metabolism and T2D etiology. Funding Sources This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Westlake University and the 5010 Program for Clinical Researches of the Sun Yat-sen University.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, gut microbiota and incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelei Miao ◽  
Jie-sheng Lin ◽  
Yingying Mao ◽  
Geng-dong Chen ◽  
Fang-fang Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes

<b>OBJECTIVE </b>To examine the association of erythrocyte n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes and explore the potential role of gut microbiota in the association. <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS </b>We evaluated 2,731 participants without type 2 diabetes recruited between 2008-2013 in the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study, China. Type 2 diabetes cases were identified with clinical and biochemical information collected at follow-up visits. Using stool samples collected during the follow-up in the subset (n=1,591), 16S rRNA profiling was conducted. Using multivariable-adjusted Poisson or linear regression, we examined associations of erythrocyte n-6 PUFA biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes, and diversity and composition of gut microbiota.</p> <p><b>RESULTS </b>Over<b> </b>6.2 years of follow-up, 276 type 2 diabetes cases were identified (risk=0.10). Higher levels of erythrocyte <a>γ-linolenic acid</a> (GLA), but not linoleic or arachidonic acid, were associated with higher type 2 diabetes incidence. Comparing the top to the bottom quartile groups of GLA levels, relative risk was 1.72 (95% confidence intervals: 1.21, 2.44) adjusted for potential confounders. Baseline GLA was inversely associated with gut microbial richness and diversity (α-diversity, both <i>p</i><0.05) during follow-up, and significantly associated with microbiota β-diversity (<i>p</i>=0.002). α-diversity acted as a potential mediator in the association between GLA and type 2 diabetes (<i>p</i><0.05). Seven genera (<i>Butyrivibrio</i>,<i> Blautia</i>,<i> Oscillospira</i>,<i> Odoribacter</i>,<i> S24-7 other</i>, <i>Rikenellaceae other</i>,<i> </i>and <i>Clostridiales other</i>) were enriched in quartile 1 of GLA, and in participants without type 2 diabetes.</p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS </b>Relative concentrations of erythrocyte GLA were positively associated with incident type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population and also with gut microbial profiles. These results highlight that gut microbiota may play an important role linking n-6 PUFA metabolism and type 2 diabetes etiology.</p>

scholarly journals Erythrocyte n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, gut microbiota and incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelei Miao ◽  
Jie-sheng Lin ◽  
Yingying Mao ◽  
Geng-dong Chen ◽  
Fang-fang Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Bottom Quartile ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association of erythrocyte n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) and explore the potential role of gut microbiota in the association.DesignWe evaluated 2,731 non-T2D participants recruited between 2008-2013 in the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study, China. T2D cases were identified with clinical and biochemical information collected at follow-up visits. Using stool samples collected during the follow-up in the subset (n=1,591), 16S rRNA profiling was conducted. Using multivariable-adjusted Poisson or linear regression, we examined associations of erythrocyte n-6 PUFA biomarkers with incident T2D, and diversity and composition of gut microbiota.ResultsOver 6.2 years of follow-up, 276 T2D cases were identified (risk=0.10). Higher levels of erythrocyte γ-linolenic acid (GLA), but not linoleic or arachidonic acid, were associated with higher T2D incidence. Comparing the top to the bottom quartile groups of GLA levels, relative risk was 1.72 (95% confidence intervals: 1.21, 2.44) adjusted for potential confounders. Baseline GLA was inversely associated with gut microbial richness and diversity (α-diversity, both p<0.05) during follow-up, and significantly associated with microbiota β-diversity (p=0.002). Seven genera (Butyrivibrio, Blautia, Oscillospira, Odoribacter, S24-7 other, Rikenellaceae other, and Clostridiales other) were enriched in quartile 1 of GLA, and in participants without T2D.ConclusionRelative concentrations of erythrocyte GLA were positively associated with incident T2D in a Chinese population and also with gut microbial profiles. These results highlight that gut microbiota may play an important role linking n-6 PUFA metabolism and T2D etiology.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, gut microbiota and incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelei Miao ◽  
Jie-sheng Lin ◽  
Yingying Mao ◽  
Geng-dong Chen ◽  
Fang-fang Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes

<b>OBJECTIVE </b>To examine the association of erythrocyte n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes and explore the potential role of gut microbiota in the association. <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS </b>We evaluated 2,731 participants without type 2 diabetes recruited between 2008-2013 in the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study, China. Type 2 diabetes cases were identified with clinical and biochemical information collected at follow-up visits. Using stool samples collected during the follow-up in the subset (n=1,591), 16S rRNA profiling was conducted. Using multivariable-adjusted Poisson or linear regression, we examined associations of erythrocyte n-6 PUFA biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes, and diversity and composition of gut microbiota.</p> <p><b>RESULTS </b>Over<b> </b>6.2 years of follow-up, 276 type 2 diabetes cases were identified (risk=0.10). Higher levels of erythrocyte <a>γ-linolenic acid</a> (GLA), but not linoleic or arachidonic acid, were associated with higher type 2 diabetes incidence. Comparing the top to the bottom quartile groups of GLA levels, relative risk was 1.72 (95% confidence intervals: 1.21, 2.44) adjusted for potential confounders. Baseline GLA was inversely associated with gut microbial richness and diversity (α-diversity, both <i>p</i><0.05) during follow-up, and significantly associated with microbiota β-diversity (<i>p</i>=0.002). α-diversity acted as a potential mediator in the association between GLA and type 2 diabetes (<i>p</i><0.05). Seven genera (<i>Butyrivibrio</i>,<i> Blautia</i>,<i> Oscillospira</i>,<i> Odoribacter</i>,<i> S24-7 other</i>, <i>Rikenellaceae other</i>,<i> </i>and <i>Clostridiales other</i>) were enriched in quartile 1 of GLA, and in participants without type 2 diabetes.</p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS </b>Relative concentrations of erythrocyte GLA were positively associated with incident type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population and also with gut microbial profiles. These results highlight that gut microbiota may play an important role linking n-6 PUFA metabolism and type 2 diabetes etiology.</p>

Abstract MP037: Plasma Organochlorine Concentration and Risk of Diabetes: the Nurses' Health Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Wu ◽  
Kimberly A Bertrand ◽  
Anna L Choi ◽  
Frank B Hu ◽  
Francine Laden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Animal experiments have suggested that exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may lead to increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Although recent human studies supported this hypothesis, evidence from prospective investigations is sparse. Objective: To examine the associations of plasma POP concentrations with risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a prospective setting among US women. Methods: Study population was comprised of participants from two independent nested case-control studies in the Nurses’ Health Study, in which major polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB 118, 138, 153, and 180), p-p'- dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were measured. A non-parametric approach was used to derive standardized scores for plasma concentrations of lipid-adjusted POPs within each study to minimize between-study variation of the POP measurements. Risk of incident type 2 diabetes during the follow-up period (1990-2008) across the tertiles of the scores was examined. Results: Of 1,120 participants, we identified 48 incident type 2 diabetes cases. After adjusting for covariates assessed at blood draw in 1990, including smoking status, body mass index, and total fish intake, plasma HCB concentration was positively associated with type 2 diabetes risk: odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 2.77 (1.17, 6.55, P for trend =0.022) comparing the highest vs. lowest tertile. Other POPs were not significantly associated with diabetes: the ORs (95% CI) were 1.10 (0.51, 2.34, P for trend =0.81) for p-p'-DDE, 0.93 (0.44, 1.95, P for trend =0.86) for DDT, and 0.88 (0.39, 1.97, P for trend =0.76) for sum of the 4 major PCBs, comparing the extreme tertiles. Conclusion: The significant association of plasma HCB concentration with diabetes risk supports a role of POP exposure in the etiology of type 2 diabetes. More prospective data are warranted to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Serum creatinine levels and risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus or dysglycemia in middle-aged Japanese men: a retrospective cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Takeuchi ◽  
Hironori Imano ◽  
Isao Muraki ◽  
Yuji Shimizu ◽  
Mina Hayama-Terada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration

ObjectiveTo assess the association between low serum creatinine levels and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and dysglycemia.Research design and methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 3313 Japanese male workers aged 30–55 years, who underwent annual health check-ups during 2001–2008 and showed no type 2 diabetes mellitus, and underwent follow-up examinations until March 2013. Dysglycemia was defined as a fasting plasma glucose concentration of ≥110 mg/dL (6.1 mmol/L), or a non-fasting plasma glucose concentration of ≥140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L). A Cox proportional model was used to calculate HRs and 95% CIs for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus or dysglycemia.ResultsDuring the median 6.7-year follow-up, there were 207 cases of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus and 596 cases of incident dysglycemia, including 115 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus among the subjects with normal glucose concentrations at baseline. After adjustment for age, body mass index and known diabetes risk factors, the multivariable HR of type 2 diabetes mellitus for the lowest category of serum creatinine (<0.7 mg/dL) vs the highest category (0.9–1.1 mg/dL) was 1.9 (95% CI 1.2 to 2.9; P for trend 0.03). The multivariable HRs of dysglycemia for the lowest category of serum creatinine versus the highest category was 1.5 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.9; P for trend 0.01).ConclusionsLow serum creatinine levels were associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and dysglycemia.

scholarly journals Association between Iron Status and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3249
Author(s):  
Andrés Díaz-López ◽  
Lucía Iglesias-Vázquez ◽  
Meritxell Pallejà-Millán ◽  
Cristina Rey Reñones ◽  
Gemma Flores Mateo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes poses a major public health challenge. Here, we conducted a cohort study with a large sample size to determine the association of baseline serum ferritin (SF), a marker of iron status, with incident type 2 diabetes in primary healthcare patients in Catalonia, a western Mediterranean region. A total of 206,115 patients aged 35–75 years without diabetes and with available baseline SF measurements were eligible. The variables analyzed included sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometry, lifestyle, morbidity and iron status (SF, serum iron and hemoglobin). Incident type 2 diabetes during follow-up (2006–2016) was ascertained using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition. Cox proportional-hazards models adjusted for multiple baseline confounders/mediators were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Over a median follow-up of 8.4 years, 12,371 new cases of type 2 diabetes were diagnosed, representing an incidence rate of 7.5 cases/1000 persons/year. Since at baseline, the median SF concentration was higher in subjects who developed type 2 diabetes (107.0 µg/L vs. 60.3 µg/L; p < 0.001), SF was considered an independent risk predictor for type 2 diabetes; the multivariable-adjusted HRs for incident type 2 diabetes across SF quartiles 1–4 were 1.00 (reference), 0.95 (95% CI = 0.85–1.06), 1.18 (95% CI = 1.65–1.31) and 1.51 (95% CI = 1.36–1.65), respectively. Our study suggested that higher baseline SF was significantly associated with an increased risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes in Catalan primary healthcare users, supporting the relevance of monitoring iron stores in order to improve the diagnosis and management of diabetes in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Purine Metabolites and Carnitine Biosynthesis Intermediates Are Biomarkers for Incident Type 2 Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 4921-4930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Ottosson ◽  
Einar Smith ◽  
Widet Gallo ◽  
Céline Fernandez ◽  
Olle Melander
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Functional Connection ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Context Metabolomics has the potential to generate biomarkers that can facilitate understanding relevant pathways in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods Nontargeted metabolomics was performed, via liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, in a discovery case-cohort study from the Malmö Preventive Project (MPP), which consisted of 698 metabolically healthy participants, of whom 202 developed T2DM within a follow-up time of 6.3 years. Metabolites that were significantly associated with T2DM were replicated in the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer–Cardiovascular Cohort (MDC-CC) (N = 3423), of whom 402 participants developed T2DM within a follow-up time of 18.2 years. Results Using nontargeted metabolomics, we observed alterations in nine metabolite classes to be related to incident T2DM, including 11 identified metabolites. N2,N2-dimethylguanosine (DMGU) (OR = 1.94; P = 4.9e-10; 95% CI, 1.57 to 2.39) was the metabolite most strongly associated with an increased risk, and beta-carotene (OR = 0.60; P = 1.8e-4; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.78) was the metabolite most strongly associated with a decreased risk. Identified T2DM-associated metabolites were replicated in MDC-CC. Four metabolites were significantly associated with incident T2DM in both the MPP and the replication cohort MDC-CC, after adjustments for traditional diabetes risk factors. These included associations between three metabolites, DMGU, 7-methylguanine (7MG), and 3-hydroxytrimethyllysine (HTML), and incident T2DM. Conclusions We used nontargeted metabolomics in two Swedish prospective cohorts comprising >4000 study participants and identified independent, replicable associations between three metabolites, DMGU, 7MG, and HTML, and future risk of T2DM. These findings warrant additional studies to investigate a potential functional connection between these metabolites and the onset of T2DM.

scholarly journals Dietary Inflammatory and Insulinemic Potential and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Results from Three Prospective U.S. Cohort Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Kana Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Increased Risk

<b>Objective: </b>To examine whether proinflammatory and hyperinsulinemic diets are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. <p><b> </b></p> <p><b>Research Design and Methods: </b>We prospectively followed 74,767 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (1984-2016), 90,786 women from the Nurses’ Health Study 2 (1989-2017), and 39,442 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2016). Using repeated measures of food frequency questionnaires, we calculated empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) and empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) scores which are food-based indices that characterize dietary inflammatory or insulinemic potential based on circulating biomarkers of inflammation or C-peptide. Diagnoses of type 2 diabetes were confirmed by validated supplementary questionnaires. </p> <p><b> </b></p> <p><b>Results: </b>We documented 19,666 incident type 2 diabetes cases over 4.9 million person-years of follow-up. In the pooled multivariable-adjusted analyses, individuals in the highest EDIP or EDIH quintile had 3.11 times (95% CI, 2.96-3.27) and 3.40 times (95% CI, 3.23-3.58) higher type 2 diabetes risk, respectively, compared to those in the lowest quintile. Additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI) attenuated the associations (Hazard ratio, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.85-2.05 for EDIP; Hazard ratio, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.78-1.98 for EDIH), suggesting adiposity partly mediates the observed associations. Moreover, individuals in both highest EDIP and EDIH quintiles had 2.34 times higher type 2 diabetes risk (95% CI, 2.17-2.52), compared to those in both lowest quintiles, after adjustment for BMI.</p> <p> </p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b><a>H</a>igher dietary inflammatory and insulinemic potential were associated with an increased type 2 diabetes incidence. Findings suggest that inflammation and hyperinsulinemia are potential mechanisms linking dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes development. </p>

scholarly journals Dietary Inflammatory and Insulinemic Potential and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Results from Three Prospective U.S. Cohort Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Kana Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Increased Risk

<b>Objective: </b>To examine whether proinflammatory and hyperinsulinemic diets are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. <p><b> </b></p> <p><b>Research Design and Methods: </b>We prospectively followed 74,767 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (1984-2016), 90,786 women from the Nurses’ Health Study 2 (1989-2017), and 39,442 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2016). Using repeated measures of food frequency questionnaires, we calculated empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) and empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) scores which are food-based indices that characterize dietary inflammatory or insulinemic potential based on circulating biomarkers of inflammation or C-peptide. Diagnoses of type 2 diabetes were confirmed by validated supplementary questionnaires. </p> <p><b> </b></p> <p><b>Results: </b>We documented 19,666 incident type 2 diabetes cases over 4.9 million person-years of follow-up. In the pooled multivariable-adjusted analyses, individuals in the highest EDIP or EDIH quintile had 3.11 times (95% CI, 2.96-3.27) and 3.40 times (95% CI, 3.23-3.58) higher type 2 diabetes risk, respectively, compared to those in the lowest quintile. Additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI) attenuated the associations (Hazard ratio, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.85-2.05 for EDIP; Hazard ratio, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.78-1.98 for EDIH), suggesting adiposity partly mediates the observed associations. Moreover, individuals in both highest EDIP and EDIH quintiles had 2.34 times higher type 2 diabetes risk (95% CI, 2.17-2.52), compared to those in both lowest quintiles, after adjustment for BMI.</p> <p> </p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b><a>H</a>igher dietary inflammatory and insulinemic potential were associated with an increased type 2 diabetes incidence. Findings suggest that inflammation and hyperinsulinemia are potential mechanisms linking dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes development. </p>

scholarly journals Are Circulating Mg2+ Levels Associated with Glucose Tolerance Profiles and Incident Type 2 Diabetes?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spiga ◽  
Mannino ◽  
Mancuso ◽  
Averta ◽  
Paone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
The Relationship

Magnesium (Mg2+) is an enzyme co-factor that plays a key role in many biochemical reactions, as well as in glucose metabolism. Clinical evidences have demonstrated that depletion of serum Mg2+ increases exponentially with the duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetes is associated with low Mg2+, and hypomagnesemia is associated with insulin resistance, inflammation, and increased risk for cardiovascular disease. In subjects at high risk of inflammation and insulin resistance, supplementation of Mg2+ alone ameliorates both phenotypes, slowing the development and progression of hepatic steatosis. We analyze the relationship between serum Mg2+ levels and the onset of T2DM in a large cohort of well-characterized adult white individuals participating in the CATAMERI study, who were reexamined after a mean follow-up of 5.6 ± 0.9 years. In our analysis we acquired a significant negative correlation between Mg2+ levels, fasting glucose, and 2h-post load glucose in subjects who underwent an OGTT. Moreover, Mg2+ levels correlated negatively with fasting insulin levels, and positively with the lipid profile. As for the detrimental effect of lower circulating Mg2+ levels, our data revealed a significant reduction of T2DM risk of about 20% for each 1 mg/dL increase of circulating Mg2+. The present results are consistent with the theory that Mg2+ supplementation could ameliorate insulin sensitivity reducing the risk to develop T2DM.

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