Abstract MP21: Circulating Biomarkers of Dairy Fat and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Two US Prospective Cohorts

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Y Yakoob ◽  
Peilin Shi ◽  
Frank B Hu ◽  
Hannia Campos ◽  
Kathryn M Rexrode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Circulating Biomarkers ◽  
Dairy Fat ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Cohorts

Background: Prior observational studies suggest that self-reported consumption of dairy foods is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes (DM). Few studies have used circulating biomarkers that provide objective measures of dairy fat consumption. Aim: To test the hypothesis that plasma fatty acid biomarkers of dairy fat, 15:0, 17:0, 16:1 n-7t and 14:0, are associated with lower incidence of DM. Methods: We used gas-liquid chromatography to measure plasma 15:0, 17:0, 16:1 n-7t and 14:0 biomarkers in 3,347 adults aged 30-75 years and free of prevalent DM at baseline in two separate U.S. prospective cohorts, Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals’ Follow Up Study (HPFS). Incident DM was identified through 2008 and confirmed by validated supplementary questionnaire using symptoms, diagnostic tests, and medical therapy. Cox proportional hazards regression was used and cohort findings pooled by fixed-effects meta-analysis. Results: During mean ± SD follow-up of 14.0 ± 4.9 years, 254 new cases of DM were diagnosed. Correlations with self-reported dairy fat consumption were modest for 17:0 (r=0.19), 16:1 n-7t (r=0.21) and 15:0 (r=0.27), and weaker for 14:0 (r=0.12). In pooled multivariate analyses, comparing highest to lowest quartiles, lower risk of DM was seen for 17:0 [HR=0.57 (95% CI: 0.39 - 0.82), P-trend=0.001] and 16:1 n-7t [HR=0.60 (0.42 - 0.87), P-trend=0.007], while 14:0 was positively associated [HR=1.98 (1.35 - 2.91), P-trend <0.0001] and 15:0 was not associated [HR=1.11 (0.75 - 1.63), P-trend=0.80] ( Table ). Conclusion: In separate prospective cohorts, two biomarkers of dairy fat (17:0 and 16:1 n-7t) were associated with lower incidence of DM. 14:0, which is also obtained from beef, and is a marker of de novo lipogenesis, was associated with increased risk. Further research is needed on plausible biological and mechanistic pathways.

scholarly journals Dairy fat intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in 3 cohorts of US men and women

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1192-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres V Ardisson Korat ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Frank Sacks ◽  
Bernard Rosner ◽  
Walter C Willett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dairy Fat

ABSTRACT Background Previous studies have examined dairy products with various fat contents in relation to type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, although data regarding dairy fat intake per se are sparse. Objectives We aimed to evaluate the association between dairy fat intake and risk of T2D in 3 prospective cohorts. We also examined associations for isocalorically replacing dairy fat with other macronutrients. Methods We prospectively followed 41,808 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS; 1986–2012), 65,929 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS; 1984–2012), and 89,565 women in the NHS II (1991–2013). Diet was assessed quadrennially using validated FFQs. Fat intake from dairy products and other relevant sources was expressed as percentage of total energy. Self-reported incident T2D cases were confirmed using validated supplementary questionnaires. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the HR for dairy fat intake and T2D risk. Results During 4,219,457 person-years of follow-up, we documented 16,511 incident T2D cases. Dairy fat was not associated with risk of T2D when compared with calories from carbohydrates (HR for extreme quintiles: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.02). Replacing 5% of calories from dairy fat with other sources of animal fat or carbohydrate from refined grains was associated with a 17% (HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.21) and a 4% (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.08) higher risk of T2D, respectively. Conversely, a 5% calorie replacement with carbohydrate from whole grains was associated with a 7% lower risk of T2D (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.98). Conclusions Dairy fat intake was not associated with T2D risk in these cohort studies of US men and women when compared with calories from carbohydrate. Replacing dairy fat with carbohydrates from whole grains was associated with lower risk of T2D. Replacement with other animal fats or refined carbohydrates was associated with higher risk.

scholarly journals Plasma Metabolites Associate with All-Cause Mortality in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Filip Ottosson ◽  
Einar Smith ◽  
Céline Fernandez ◽  
Olle Melander
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Prospective Cohorts ◽  
Diet And Cancer

Alterations in the human metabolome occur years before clinical manifestation of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). By contrast, there is little knowledge of how metabolite alterations in individuals with diabetes relate to risk of diabetes complications and premature mortality. Metabolite profiling was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in 743 participants with T2DM from the population-based prospective cohorts The Malmö Diet and Cancer-Cardiovascular Cohort (MDC-CC) and The Malmö Preventive Project (MPP). During follow-up, a total of 175 new-onset cases of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 298 deaths occurred. Cox regressions were used to relate baseline levels of plasma metabolites to incident CVD and all-cause mortality. A total of 11 metabolites were significantly (false discovery rate (fdr) <0.05) associated with all-cause mortality. Acisoga, acylcarnitine C10:3, dimethylguanidino valerate, homocitrulline, N2,N2-dimethylguanosine, 1-methyladenosine and urobilin were associated with an increased risk, while hippurate, lysine, threonine and tryptophan were associated with a decreased risk. Ten out of 11 metabolites remained significantly associated after adjustments for cardiometabolic risk factors. The associations between metabolite levels and incident CVD were not as strong as for all-cause mortality, although 11 metabolites were nominally significant (p < 0.05). Further examination of the mortality-related metabolites may shed more light on the pathophysiology linking diabetes to premature mortality.

Abstract MP94: Consumption of Specific Fruits and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Men and Women

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Muraki ◽  
Fumiaki Imamura ◽  
Frank B Hu ◽  
Walter C Willett ◽  
Rob van Dam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Consumption of whole fruits, but not fruit juice, has been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes. However, individual fruits have different compositions of carbohydrate, phytochemicals and other nutrients, and may thus have different effects on diabetes risk. We examined whether consumption of specific fruits was prospectively associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in US men and women. In addition, we evaluated whether the associations of fruits with diabetes were determined by the glycemic load (GL) of fruits consumption. Methods: After excluding participants with chronic diseases at baseline, we evaluated 66,720 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2008); 85,961 women from the Nurses’ Health Study II (1991-2009); and 26,149 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2008). Validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires were administered to assess habitual consumption of fruits and other foods every two to four years. Incidences of type 2 diabetes were identified using biennial self-reported questionnaires and confirmed using supplementary questionnaires. The associations were prospectively assessed in each cohort, using Cox proportional hazard regression. Sociodemographics, lifestyle, caloric intakes, intakes of other fruits, and other dietary factors were adjusted for to control for confounding. Cohort-specific estimates were pooled by a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: During 3,447,866 person-years of follow-up, 11,521 participants were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The pooled multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for type 2 diabetes (for every 3 servings/week increase of fruit intake) were 0.74 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66, 0.83] for blueberries; 0.86 (0.80, 0.93) for grapes or raisins; 0.86 (0.75, 0.99) for prunes; 0.91 (0.81, 1.03) for bananas; 0.93 (0.88, 0.97) for apples or pears; 0.95 (0.91, 1.00) for grapefruits; 0.96 (0.90, 1.02) for peaches, plums or apricots; 1.01 (0.97, 1.05) for oranges; 1.06 (0.96, 1.19) for strawberries; and 1.11 (1.03, 1.20) for cantaloupe. No significant heterogeneity was found among the three cohorts, except associations with banana consumption. In contrast, each drink per day of fruit juice was associated with a HR (95% CI) of 1.07 (1.00, 1.14). The HRs for type 2 diabetes were 0.81 (0.69, 0.96) per 1 serving/day of high GL fruits, 0.96 (0.86, 1.07) for moderate GL fruits, and 1.05 (0.92, 1.19) for low GL fruits. Conclusion: Our data suggest that intakes of certain whole fruits, including grapes or raisins, prunes, apples or pears, grapefruits, and blueberries, are associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas high consumption of fruit juice may lead to increased risk. Future research is needed to confirm our findings and elucidate mechanism underlying the associations for individual fruits.

Abstract P234: Dairy Fat Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in 3 Cohorts of US Adults

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Ardisson Korat ◽  
Frank B Hu ◽  
Qi Sun
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Animal Fat ◽  
Dairy Fat ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Previous studies have examined the association between dairy fat intake and incident Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) by conducting analyses of dairy products stratified by fat content, although data linking dairy fat intake and incident T2D and their substitution for other nutrients are sparse. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between dairy fat intake and risk of T2D. We assessed the hypothesis that replacing calories from dairy fat for other animal fat or refined carbohydrates will result in modest increases in T2D risk. Methods: We followed up 41,670 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2010), 84, 685 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS; 1980-2012), and 90,325 women in the NHSII (1991-2011). Diet was assessed every 4 years with the use of validated food-frequency questionnaires, and other health and lifestyle covariates were collected biennially. Dairy fat contents were determined for dairy products and food items that contain dairy. Dairy fat intake from all relevant food items was summed to calculate total intake, which was expressed as percent of total energy. Incident T2D cases were identified by self-reports during follow-up and confirmed by a validated supplementary questionnaire. A time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio for dairy fat intake and T2D risk. Results: During 4,661,518 years of follow-up, we documented 18,298 incident T2D cases. In multivariate models, a 5% increase in energy dairy fat was associated with a 2% risk increase in T2D (RR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.05). In isocaloric substitution models, the replacement of 5% of calories from dairy fat with the equivalent energy from other sources of animal fat or carbohydrate from refined grains was associated with an 7% [RR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.09], and a 7% [RR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.11] increased risk of T2D, respectively. Conversely, a 5% calorie substitution of carbohydrate from whole grains was associated with 7% lower risk of T2D [RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.97]. Conclusions: In conclusion, dairy fat intake was modestly associated with a higher T2D risk. The replacement of dairy fat with carbohydrates from whole grains may decrease incident T2D risk. Further research is warranted to elucidate the role of other components in dairy products that may contribute to previously reported null associations with T2D.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status and risk of type 2 diabetes in the Norwegian HUNT cohort study: does family history or genetic predisposition modify the association?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e001948
Author(s):  
Marion Denos ◽  
Xiao-Mei Mai ◽  
Bjørn Olav Åsvold ◽  
Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
P Value ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

IntroductionWe sought to investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults who participated in the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), and the possible effect modification by family history and genetic predisposition.Research design and methodsThis prospective study included 3574 diabetes-free adults at baseline who participated in the HUNT2 (1995–1997) and HUNT3 (2006–2008) surveys. Serum 25(OH)D levels were determined at baseline and classified as <50 and ≥50 nmol/L. Family history of diabetes was defined as self-reported diabetes among parents and siblings. A Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) for T2DM based on 166 single-nucleotide polymorphisms was generated. Incident T2DM was defined by self-report and/or non-fasting glucose levels greater than 11 mmol/L and serum glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody level of <0.08 antibody index at the follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to calculate adjusted ORs with 95% CIs. Effect modification by family history or PRS was assessed by likelihood ratio test (LRT).ResultsOver 11 years of follow-up, 92 (2.6%) participants developed T2DM. A higher risk of incident T2DM was observed in participants with serum 25(OH)D level of<50 nmol/L compared with those of ≥50 nmol/L (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.86). Level of 25(OH)D<50 nmol/L was associated with an increased risk of T2DM in adults without family history of diabetes (OR 3.87, 95% CI 1.62 to 9.24) but not in those with a family history (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.62, p value for LRT=0.003). There was no effect modification by PRS (p value for LRT>0.23).ConclusionSerum 25(OH)D<50 nmol/L was associated with an increased risk of T2DM in Norwegian adults. The inverse association was modified by family history of diabetes but not by genetic predisposition to T2DM.

scholarly journals Elevated circulating follistatin associates with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanyan Wu ◽  
Yan Borné ◽  
Rui Gao ◽  
Maykel López Rodriguez ◽  
William C. Roell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractThe hepatokine follistatin is elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and promotes hyperglycemia in mice. Here we explore the relationship of plasma follistatin levels with incident T2D and mechanisms involved. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation (SD) increase in follistatin levels for T2D is 1.24 (CI: 1.04–1.47, p < 0.05) during 19-year follow-up (n = 4060, Sweden); and 1.31 (CI: 1.09–1.58, p < 0.01) during 4-year follow-up (n = 883, Finland). High circulating follistatin associates with adipose tissue insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (n = 210, Germany). In human adipocytes, follistatin dose-dependently increases free fatty acid release. In genome-wide association study (GWAS), variation in the glucokinase regulatory protein gene (GCKR) associates with plasma follistatin levels (n = 4239, Sweden; n = 885, UK, Italy and Sweden) and GCKR regulates follistatin secretion in hepatocytes in vitro. Our findings suggest that GCKR regulates follistatin secretion and that elevated circulating follistatin associates with an increased risk of T2D by inducing adipose tissue insulin resistance.

Abstract MP05: Leisure-Time Running and Incident Type 2 Diabetes

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duck-chul Lee ◽  
Carl J. Lavie ◽  
Timothy S. Church ◽  
Xuemei Sui ◽  
Steven N. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes

Introduction: There is still little evidence on the dose-response relation between leisure-time running and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). Hypothesis: We examined the hypothesis that running reduces the risk of developing T2D. Methods: Participants were 19,347 adults aged 18 to 100 years (mean age, 44) who received an extensive preventive medical examination during 1974-2006 in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Participants were free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and T2D at baseline. Running and other physical activities were assessed on the medical history questionnaire by self-reported leisure-time activities during the past 3 months. We defined T2D as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl, insulin use, or physician-diagnosis during follow-up medical examinations. Cox regression was used to quantify the association between running and T2D after adjusting for baseline age, sex, examination year, body mass index, smoking status, heavy alcohol drinking, abnormal electrocardiogram, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and levels of other physical activities. Results: During an average follow-up of 6.5 years, 1,015 adults developed T2D. Approximately 30% of adults participated in leisure-time running. Runners had a 29% lower risk of developing T2D compared with non-runners. The hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of T2D were 0.97 (0.74-1.27), 0.66 (0.49-0.89), 0.62 (0.45-0.85), 0.78 (0.58-1.03), and 0.57 (0.42-0.79) across quintiles (Q) of running time (minutes/week); 0.99 (0.76-1.30), 0.60 (0.44-0.82), 0.72 (0.55-0.94), 0.65 (0.47-0.90), and 0.63 (0.47-0.86) across Q of running distance (miles/week); 1.08 (0.83-1.40), 0.67 (0.50-0.90), 0.70 (0.53-0.93), 0.61 (0.45-0.83), and 0.53 (0.36-0.76) across Q of running frequency (times/week); 0.95 (0.73-1.24), 0.70 (0.52-0.94), 0.62 (0.45-0.84), 0.73 (0.55-0.97), and 0.58 (0.42-0.80) across Q of total amount of running (MET-minutes/week); and 0.95 (0.71-1.28), 0.76 (0.59-0.99), 0.59 (0.42-0.83), 0.66 (0.51-0.85), and 0.62 (0.43-0.90) across Q of running speed (mph), respectively, compared with no running after adjusting for confounders including levels of other physical activities. Conclusions: Participating in leisure-time running is associated with markedly lower risk of developing T2D in adults. Except for those in the very lowest Q for running doses, even relatively low running doses (starting with Q 2) were associated with marked reductions in T2D risk over time, supporting the prescription of running to reduce T2D.

scholarly journals Correlation between markers of renal function and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal study in an Indian clinic population

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramachandran Rajalakshmi ◽  
Coimbatore Subramanian Shanthi Rani ◽  
Ulagamathesan Venkatesan ◽  
Ranjit Unnikrishnan ◽  
Ranjit Mohan Anjana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
New Onset

IntroductionPrevious epidemiological studies have reported on the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) from India. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of DKD on the development of new-onset DR and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) in Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Research design and methodsThe study was done on anonymized electronic medical record data of people with T2D who had undergone screening for DR and renal work-up as part of routine follow-up at a tertiary care diabetes center in Chennai, South India. The baseline data retrieved included clinical and biochemical parameters including renal profiles (serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria). Grading of DR was performed using the modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grading system. STDR was defined as the presence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and/or diabetic macular edema. DKD was defined by the presence of albuminuria (≥30 µg/mg) and/or reduction in eGFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) for DR and STDR.ResultsData of 19 909 individuals with T2D (mean age 59.6±10.2 years, mean duration of diabetes 11.1±12.1 years, 66.1% male) were analyzed. At baseline, DR was present in 7818 individuals (39.3%), of whom 2249 (11.3%) had STDR. During the mean follow-up period of 3.9±1.9 years, 2140 (17.7%) developed new-onset DR and 980 individuals with non-proliferative DR (NPDR) at baseline progressed to STDR. Higher serum creatinine (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.7; p<0.0001), eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (HR 4.9, 95% CI 2.9 to 8.2; p<0.0001) and presence of macroalbuminuria >300 µg/mg (HR 3.0, 95% CI 2.4 to 3.8; p<0.0001) at baseline were associated with increased risk of progression to STDR.ConclusionsDKD at baseline is a risk factor for progression to STDR. Physicians should promptly refer their patients with DKD to ophthalmologists for timely detection and management of STDR.

scholarly journals Long-term BMI change trajectories in Chinese adults and its association with the hazard of type 2 diabetes: evidence from a 20-year China Health and Nutrition Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000879
Author(s):  
Baibing Mi ◽  
Chenlu Wu ◽  
Xiangyu Gao ◽  
Wentao Wu ◽  
Jiaoyang Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Change Trajectories ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Increased Risk

IntroductionTo investigate the relationship between long-term change trajectory in body mass index (BMI) and the hazard of type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults.Research design and methodsData were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Type 2 diabetes was reported by participants themselves in each survey wave. The duration of follow-up was defined as the period from the first visit to the first time self-reported type 2 diabetes, death, or other loss to follow-up from CHNS. The patterns of change trajectories in BMI were derived by latent class trajectory analysis method. The Fine and Gray regression model was used to estimate HRs with corresponding 95% CIs for type 2 diabetes.ResultsFour patterns of the trajectories of change in BMI were identified among Chinese adults, 42.7% of participants had stable BMI change, 40.8% for moderate BMI gain, 8.9% for substantial BMI gain and 7.7% for weight loss. During the follow-up with mean 11.2 years (158 637 person-years contributed by 14 185 participants), 498 people with type 2 diabetes (3.7%) occurred. Risk of type 2 diabetes was increased by 47% among people who gained BMI more substantially and rapidly (HR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.02, p=0.016) and increased by 20% among those in people with the moderate BMI gain (HR: 1.20, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.48, p=0.078), compared with those with stable BMI change.ConclusionsLong-term substantial gain of BMI was significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese adults.

scholarly journals Circulating metabolites and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study of 11,896 young adults from four Finnish cohorts

Diabetologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2298-2309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari V. Ahola-Olli ◽  
Linda Mustelin ◽  
Maria Kalimeri ◽  
Johannes Kettunen ◽  
Jari Jokelainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Future Diabetes

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Metabolomics technologies have identified numerous blood biomarkers for type 2 diabetes risk in case−control studies of middle-aged and older individuals. We aimed to validate existing and identify novel metabolic biomarkers predictive of future diabetes in large cohorts of young adults. Methods NMR metabolomics was used to quantify 229 circulating metabolic measures in 11,896 individuals from four Finnish observational cohorts (baseline age 24–45 years). Associations between baseline metabolites and risk of developing diabetes during 8–15 years of follow-up (392 incident cases) were adjusted for sex, age, BMI and fasting glucose. Prospective metabolite associations were also tested with fasting glucose, 2 h glucose and HOMA-IR at follow-up. Results Out of 229 metabolic measures, 113 were associated with incident type 2 diabetes in meta-analysis of the four cohorts (ORs per 1 SD: 0.59–1.50; p< 0.0009). Among the strongest biomarkers of diabetes risk were branched-chain and aromatic amino acids (OR 1.31–1.33) and triacylglycerol within VLDL particles (OR 1.33–1.50), as well as linoleic n-6 fatty acid (OR 0.75) and non-esterified cholesterol in large HDL particles (OR 0.59). The metabolic biomarkers were more strongly associated with deterioration in post-load glucose and insulin resistance than with future fasting hyperglycaemia. A multi-metabolite score comprised of phenylalanine, non-esterified cholesterol in large HDL and the ratio of cholesteryl ester to total lipid in large VLDL was associated with future diabetes risk (OR 10.1 comparing individuals in upper vs lower fifth of the multi-metabolite score) in one of the cohorts (mean age 31 years). Conclusions/interpretation Metabolic biomarkers across multiple molecular pathways are already predictive of the long-term risk of diabetes in young adults. Comprehensive metabolic profiling may help to target preventive interventions for young asymptomatic individuals at increased risk.

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