Abstract 14902: The Impact of Bicuspid Pulmonary Valve in Aortic Position After Arterial Switch for Transposition of the Great Arteries onNeoaortic Root and Neoaortic Valve Function; Propensity Score Matched Analysis

Objective: Neoaortic valve regurgitation which might be related to root dilatation is one of the major concerns following arterial switch operation (ASO) for transposition of the great arteries (TGA). This study investigated the effect of bicuspid neoaortic valve on neoaortic root morphology, function, and the long-term clinical outcomes after ASO for TGA using propensity score matching (PSM). Methods: From 1997 to 2018, 442 patients underwent ASO for TGA. Patients who underwent staged repair (n=15), were repaired at extremely old age (> 1 year, n=9), and died before discharge (n=46), and were lack of echocardiographic data at discharge (n=20) were excluded. Among a total of 352 eligible patients, 18 patients (5.1%) had a BPV. After PSM (1:4), 15 patients with BPV and 60 corresponding patients with tricuspid pulmonary valve were enrolled for analysis. Results: Baseline characteristics in both groups were similar. The median duration of follow-up was 9.9 years (4 months ~ 22.3 years). There was one late death. Freedom from reoperation at 10 years was 93.3 ± 6.4 % in bicuspid group and 88.7 ± 4.4 % in tricuspid group ( p =0.84). Reoperation for aortic valve or aortic root was rarely required during follow-up. Indexed dimension (z-score) of neoaortic annulus was not increased in both groups ( p =0.57) (Figure 1A), although there was a little increasing tendency in z-score of neoaortic sinus without intergroup difference ( p =0.69) (Figure 1B). Deterioration in neoaortic valve function was more prominent in bicuspid group (common odds ratio; 1.40 in bicuspid group [ p <0.01], and 1.12 in tricuspid group [ p =0.03], p =0.03) (Figure 1C). Conclusions: Arterial switch operation could be a safe option in selected patients with TGA associated with BPV without increasing the risk of reoperation. Deterioration of aortic valve function was more prominent in bicuspid group, which suggests that the neoaortic valve function would be deteriorated mainly by valve itself not root pathology.

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Abstract 14744: Native Bicuspid Pulmonary Valve in D-loop Transposition of the Great Arteries: Outcomes of the Neo-aortic Valve Function and Root Dilation After Arterial Switch Operation

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.14744 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Jane Margaret Irwin ◽

Geoffrey Binney ◽

Kimberlee Gauvreau ◽

Sitaram Emani ◽

Elizabeth Blume ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aortic Valve ◽

Pulmonary Valve ◽

Arterial Switch Operation ◽

Arterial Switch ◽

Switch Operation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

First Occurrence ◽

D Loop

Introduction: Neo-aortic root dilation (ARD) is common after arterial switch operation (ASO) for D-loop transposition of the great arteries (TGA). We sought to compare short and long-term outcomes for bicuspid native pulmonary valve (BNPV) patients to those with normal trileaflet variants (TNPV). Methods: A retrospective cohort of TGA patients undergoing ASO at Boston Children’s Hospital from 1989-2018 was analyzed, matching BNPV patients 1:3 with TNPV patients by year of ASO; those with >mild subpulmonary stenosis or complex TGA were excluded. Categorical and continuous variables were compared using Fisher’s exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analyses with log-rank test compared groups for time to first reoperation on the neo-aortic valve, first occurrence of ≥moderate neo-aortic regurgitation (AR), and ARD defined as root z-score ≥4. Hazard ratios were estimated based on the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: A total of 83 BNPV patients were matched with 217 TNPV. BNPV patients were more likely to have a VSD (75% vs 44%, p <0.001). Early surgical outcomes including hospital LOS (11 vs 10 days) and 30-day mortality (3.6% vs 2.8%) were similar. During median 10 years follow-up, neo-aortic valve reoperation occurred in 4 BNPV (6%) vs 6 TNPV (3%) patients, with no statistically significant difference in time to reoperation. More BNPV patients had AR at discharge (4.9% vs 0%, p=0.014) and during follow-up (13.4% vs 4.3%, HR 3.9, p=0.004), with shorter time to first occurrence of AR (Figure 1A); this remained significant after adjusting for presence of VSD. Similarly, ARD was more common in BNPV (45% vs 37%, HR 1.64, p=0.02) with shorter time to first occurrence (Figure 1B). Conclusions: While patients with BNPV have similar short-term ASO outcomes, AR and ARD occur more frequently and earlier compared with TNPV patients. Further long-term studies are needed to determine whether this results in greater need for neo-aortic valve reoperation.

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Native Bicuspid Pulmonary Valve in D‐Loop Transposition of the Great Arteries: Outcomes of the Neo‐Aortic Valve Function and Root Dilation After Arterial Switch Operation

Journal of the American Heart Association ◽

10.1161/jaha.121.021599 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Margaret Irwin ◽

Geoffrey Binney ◽

Kimberlee Gauvreau ◽

Sitaram Emani ◽

Elizabeth D. Blume ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aortic Valve ◽

Aortic Root ◽

Pulmonary Valve ◽

Arterial Switch Operation ◽

Arterial Switch ◽

Septal Defects ◽

Switch Operation ◽

First Occurrence ◽

D Loop

Background Neo‐aortic root dilation and neo‐aortic regurgitation (AR) are common after arterial switch operation for D‐loop transposition of the great arteries. We sought to evaluate these outcomes in patients with bicuspid native pulmonary valve (BNPV). Methods and Results A retrospective analysis of patients with transposition of the great arteries undergoing arterial switch operation at Boston Children's Hospital from 1989 to 2018 matched BNPV patients 1:3 with patients with tricuspid native pulmonary valve by year of arterial switch operation. Kaplan–Meier analyses with log‐rank test compared groups for time to first neo‐aortic valve reoperation, occurrence of ≥moderate AR, and neo‐aortic root dilation (root z score ≥4). A total of 83 patients with BNPV were matched with 217 patients with tricuspid native pulmonary valve. Patients with BNPV more often had ventricular septal defects (73% versus 43%; P <0.001). Hospital length of stay (11 versus 10 days) and 30‐day surgical mortality (3.6% versus 2.8%) were similar. During median 11 years follow‐up, neo‐aortic valve reoperation occurred in 4 patients with BNPV (6.0%) versus 6 patients with tricuspid native pulmonary valve (2.8%), with no significant difference in time to reoperation. More BNPV had AR at discharge (4.9% versus 0%; P =0.014) and during follow‐up (13.4% versus 4.3%; hazard ratio [HR], 3.9; P =0.004), with shorter time to first occurrence of AR; this remained significant after adjusting for ventricular septal defects. Similarly, neo‐aortic root dilation was more common in BNPV (45% versus 38%; HR, 1.64; P =0.026) with shorter time to first occurrence. Conclusions While patients with BNPV have similar short‐term arterial switch operation outcomes, AR and neo‐aortic root dilation occur more frequently and earlier compared with patients with tricuspid native pulmonary valve. Further long‐term studies are needed to determine whether this results in greater need for neo‐aortic valve reoperation.

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Successful case of neo-aortic valve replacement in the patient et late follow-up after arterial switch operation for correction of transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect: the peculiarities of surgical correction

The Bulletin of Bakoulev Center Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

10.24022/1810-0694-2018-19-1-88-94 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 88-94

Author(s):

V.P. Podzolkov ◽

T.Yu. Danilov ◽

O.I. Medvedeva ◽

N.S. Plinatus

Keyword(s):

Aortic Valve ◽

Ventricular Septal Defect ◽

Aortic Valve Replacement ◽

Valve Replacement ◽

Septal Defect ◽

Arterial Switch Operation ◽

Arterial Switch ◽

Switch Operation ◽

Successful Case

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Impact of pulmonary artery reduction during arterial switch operation: 14 years follow-up

Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery ◽

10.1093/icvts/ivaa034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 917-924

Author(s):

Fernanda Lübe Antunes Pereira ◽

Cristiane Nunes Martins ◽

Roberto Max Lopes ◽

Matheus Ferber Drummond ◽

Fernando Antonio Fantini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Switch Operation ◽

Z Score ◽

Valve Regurgitation ◽

Arterial Switch ◽

Switch Operation ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Z Scores ◽

The Mean

Abstract OBJECTIVES Pulmonary artery/aorta (PA/Ao) size discrepancy plays an important role in the development of neoaortic root growth and valve regurgitation. Since 2004, we started using PA reduction to manage severe great vessels root mismatch at the time of arterial switch operation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of this technique in the mid- and long-term follow-up. METHODS Patients considered to have severe PA/Ao mismatch (>2:1 ratio) underwent resection of a 3- to 4-mm flap of the posterior PA wall. Patients submitted to this technique were followed up with clinical and image examinations. Echocardiographic findings were reviewed, and Z-scores were recorded to evaluate the incidence and progression of neoaortic root dilatation and valve regurgitation. RESULTS The median (Q1–Q3) follow-up time was 8 years (3–11). Before arterial switch operation, the median (Q1–Q3) Z-score of the PA annulus was 2.90 (2.75–3.75). At the latest follow-up, the median Z-score of the neoaortic annulus was 1.34 (0.95–1.66). The mean difference between the Z-scores of PA annulus and neoaortic annulus was 1.56 (P < 0.0001). The mean value of the sinus of Valsalva was +0.29 ± 1, that of sinotubular junction was +0.71 ± 0.6 and that of ascending Ao was +1.09 ± 0.7. There was no severe dilatation of the neoaortic annulus, neoaortic root or ascending Ao during follow-up. Neoaortic valve regurgitation was none or mild in 93% of patients. CONCLUSIONS PA reduction proved to be a feasible and low-risk procedure to approach PA/Ao mismatch in arterial switch operation. Mid- and long-term follow-up showed a tendency towards stabilization of the neoaortic root dilatation and satisfactory valve performance after the procedure. Further investigation is required with a larger population and longer-term follow-up.

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Stambiųjų kraujagyslių transpozicija: Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikų Širdies chirurgijos centro pastarųjų penkerių metų patirtis

Lietuvos chirurgija ◽

10.15388/lietchirur.2014.1.2949 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 31-38

Author(s):

Karolis Jonavičius ◽

Artūras Lipnevičius ◽

Virgilijus Lebetkevičius ◽

Vytautas Sirvydis ◽

Virgilijus Tarutis

Keyword(s):

Aortic Valve ◽

Heart Surgery ◽

Pulmonary Valve ◽

Arterial Switch Operation ◽

Aortic Valve Insufficiency ◽

Arterial Switch ◽

Switch Operation ◽

Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency ◽

Valve Insufficiency ◽

Vilnius University

Įžanga / tikslasStraipsnio tikslas – apžvelgti stambiųjų kraujagyslių transpozicijos chirurginio gydymo Vilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakulteto Širdies ir kraujagyslių ligų klinikoje ir Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikų Širdies chirurgijos centre 2007–2013 metų rezultatus.Ligoniai ir metodaiAtlikta retrospektyvi visų ligonių, operuotų dėl D-stambiųjų kraujagyslių transpozicijos 2007 m. sausio–2013 m. spalio mėn., ligos istorijų analizė. Visiems ligoniams buvo atlikta anatominė ydos korekcija – arterijų sukeitimo (Jatene) operacija.RezultataiAnkstyvuoju pooperaciniu laikotarpiu nuo širdies nepakankamumo mirė vienas ligonis. Ankstyvas pooperacinis tirtų ligonių mirštamumas siekia 2,9 %. Iš karto po operacijos nustatyti 3 (9,1 %) nedidelio laipsnio aortos vožtuvo nesandarumo atvejai, nė vienam ligoniui nepasitaikė plautinio kamieno vožtuvo patologijos. Kitos ankstyvosios pooperacinės komplikacijos: kraujavimas, žaizdos infekcija ir inkstų funkcijos nepakankamumas, sėkmingai gydytos. Vėlyvuoju laikotarpiu po pakartotinės operacijos (dešiniojo skilvelio infundibulektomijos ir dvikryptės Glenn jungties suformavimo dėl nustatytos povožtuvinės plautinio kamieno stenozės) nuo kilusios pneumonijos ir sepsinio šoko mirė vienas ligonis (3 %). Septyniems ligoniams (21,8 %) nustatytas aortos vožtuvo nesandarumas (5 (15,6 %) – I laipsnio aortos vožtuvo nesandarumas, 2 (6,2 %) – I–II laipsnio), o dviem (6 %) – plautinio kamieno vožtuvo nesandarumas (1 (3 %) – I laipsnio plautinio kamieno vožtuvo nesandarumas, 1 (3 %) – II laipsnio). Bendras operuotų ligonių 5 metų išgyvenamumas sudaro 94 %.IšvadosSantariškių klinikose pasiekti geri ankstyvieji ir vėlyvieji stambiųjų kraujagyslių transpozicijos gydymo rezultatai. Ligoniai, turintys aortos vožtuvo nesandarumą, turėtų būti stebimi dėl galimo ydos progresavimo. Be to, duomenų kaupimas ir patirties analizė svarbūs, kad gerėtų gydymo rezultatai.Reikšminiai žodžiai: stambiųjų kraujagyslių transpozicija, arterijų sukeitimo operacija, Jatene operacija, įgimtos širdies ydos.Transposition of the great arteries: the last 5-year experience of the Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Clinics Heart Surgery Center Background / objectiveThe main goal of the study was to review our experience in treating patients with a D-transposition of great arteries in 2007–2013 at the Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Vilnius University HospitalSantariškių Clinics Heart Surgery Center.Patients and methodsWe have reviewed 34 patients who underwent an arterial switch operation in January 2007 – October 2013 at our center. Complete anatomical repair – arterial switch (Jatene) procedure – was performed in all cases.ResultsOne patient died from heart failure short after surgery. The postoperative mortality was 2.9%. The postoperative complications included bleeding, wound infection, and renal failure, and were treated successfully. In 3 (9.1%) patients, in the earlypostoperative period echocardiographically a trivial or slight aortic valve insufficiency was found. No pulmonary valve pathology was noted. During the follow-up period, one patient underwent a reoperation (right ventricle infundibulectomy and a bidirectional Glenn operation) due to a subvalvular pulmonary stenosis. This patient died of pneumonia and septic shock. The periodic echocardiographic investigation revealed that the number of aortic valve insufficiency (7 patients, 21.8%) slightlyincreased: 5 (15.6%) patients had a mild and 2 (6.2%) a mild-moderate aortic valve regurgitation. Two (6 %) instances of pulmonary valve insufficiency, 1 case (3%) of mild pulmonary valve insufficiency and 1 (3%) mild-moderate case were found.The cumulative survival rate of our patients was 94% for 5 years.ConclusionsWe have achieved good early and late postoperative results in treating patients with a D-transposition of the great arteries. Patients with aortic valve insufficiency should be followed for the further evaluation of the aortic valve function. Besides, our studyhas shown that the data collection and a routine analysis of patient treatment experience are necessary to achieve better results.Key words: transposition of the great arteries, arterial switch operation, Jatene operation, congenital heart defects

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Neo-aortic valvar function after the arterial switch

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951106000953 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 481-489 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Bradley S. Marino ◽

Gil Wernovsky ◽

Doff B. McElhinney ◽

Abbas Jawad ◽

Dieuwertje L. Kreb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aortic Valve ◽

Aortic Root ◽

Septal Defect ◽

Arterial Switch Operation ◽

Somatic Growth ◽

Double Outlet Right Ventricle ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Arterial Switch ◽

Switch Operation

Objectives: The purpose of our study was to assess the prevalence and progression, during childhood and adolescence, of dilation of the neo-aortic root, and neo-aortic valvar regurgitation, and to identify risk factors for such dilation and regurgitation, after the arterial switch operation.Methods: We included all patients who had undergone an arterial switch operation at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and had been followed for a minimum of 4 years, and had at least 2 postoperative echocardiograms. Neo-aortic valvar regurgitation was quantitatively assessed, and measurements were made of the neo-aortic root at the level of the basal attachment of the leaflets, mid-sinusal level, and the sinutubular junction.Results: We found 82 patients who satisfied the criterions for inclusion, of whom 52 patients had transposition with an intact ventricular septum, and 30 had either an associated ventricular septal defect or double outlet right ventricle. The median follow-up time was 8.8 years (4.1 to 16.4 years). The neo-aortic valve had been replaced in 1 patient. Of the patients, 3 had moderate, 66 had trivial to mild, and 12 had no neo-aortic valvar regurgitation at their most recent follow-up. The regurgitation had progressed by at least 1 grade in 38 of the 82 patients (46.4%). Neo-aortic dilation was noted at the basal attachment of the leaflets, and at mid-sinusal level, which was out of proportion to somatic growth.Conclusions: At mid-term follow-up, significant neo-aortic valve regurgitation is present in 3.7%, and trivial to mild regurgitation in 81.4% of patients. The regurgitation progressed in almost half of the patients over time. We also noted progressive dilation of the neo-aortic root out of proportion to somatic growth.

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Alternative pulmonary artery reconstruction technique in the arterial switch operation

European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery ◽

10.1093/ejcts/ezab049 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hisayuki Hongu ◽

Masaaki Yamagishi ◽

Yoshinobu Maeda ◽

Keiichi Itatani ◽

Masatoshi Shimada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Artery ◽

Arterial Switch Operation ◽

Late Complication ◽

Late Complications ◽

Reconstruction Technique ◽

Reconstruction Method ◽

Arterial Switch ◽

Switch Operation ◽

Longitudinal Extension

Abstract OBJECTIVES Late complications of arterial switch operations (ASO) for transposition of the great arteries, such as neo-pulmonary artery (PA) stenosis and/or neoaortic regurgitation, have been reported. We developed an alternative reconstruction method called the longitudinal extension (LE) method to prevent PA bifurcation stenosis (PABS). METHODS We identified 48 patients diagnosed with transposition of the great arteries and performed ASO using the Lecompte manoeuvre for neo-PA reconstruction. In 9 consecutive patients (from 2014), the LE method was performed (LE). Before 2014, conventional techniques were performed in 39 patients (C). The median body weight and age in the LE and C groups were 3.0 and 3.1 kg and 12 and 26 days, respectively. In the LE group, 1 patient underwent bilateral PA banding before ASO. In C, PA banding and arch repair were performed in 1 patient each. Patients who received concomitant procedures were included. RESULTS The median follow-up in LE and C groups was 1.9 and 10.1 years, respectively. Early mortality/late death was not found in group LE and in 1 patient in group C. Only 1 case required ascending aorta sliding plasty in LE, and 8 patients needed PA augmentation for PABS in C. The median velocity of right/left PA was measured as 1.6/1.9 m/s in LE and 2.1/2.3 m/s in C, so it showed a lower value in LE. CONCLUSIONS Excellent mid-term results were obtained with the LE method. It was considered a useful procedure in preventing PABS, which is a primary late complication of ASO. Further follow-up and investigations are needed.

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