scholarly journals Effects of a Low‐Salt and High‐Potassium Diet on Arterial Stiffness and Left Ventricular Function in Indigenous Papuans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Ishida ◽  
Akihiro Isotani ◽  
Michiko Fujisawa ◽  
Eva Garcia del Saz ◽  
Kiyohito Okumiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lv Diastolic Function

Background A sodium‐restricted diet represents a potential non‐pharmacological strategy for improving blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and left ventricular (LV) diastolic function. We investigated age‐related differences in LV structure and function and the relationship between LV function and central hemodynamics in an indigenous Papuan population, who maintain a traditional lifestyle, including a low‐salt and high‐potassium diet. Methods and Results We measured LV dimensions, transmitral blood flow, and mitral annular tissue velocities through echocardiography and Doppler imaging. Blood pressure and brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity were measured using an automatic device (Omron). Central blood pressure and wave reflection parameters were estimated via oscillometry (Mobil‐O‐Graph, using European calibrations). A total of 82 native Papuans (median age, 42 years; 38 women; no blood pressure treatment) were enrolled. Age‐related difference in brachial systolic pressure was modest but significant, and brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity significantly increased with age; however, LV mass index remained unchanged. LV ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain were preserved; mitral A‐wave velocity and average E/e´ increased; and e´ and E/A decreased with age. Brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity and spot urine Na/K were positively and independently correlated with E/e´. Age and heart rate were inversely associated with E/A. In conclusion, LV systolic function was preserved; however, LV diastolic function decreased with age in Papuans. Moreover, age‐related arterial stiffening, but not wave reflections, was inversely related to LV diastolic function. Conclusions Our results suggest that arterial and LV stiffness may not be altered by sodium restriction. Longitudinal studies are warranted to elucidate the effects of diet on arterial and LV function.

scholarly journals Blood Pressure and Body Weight Have Different Effects on Pulse Wave Velocity and Cardiac Mass in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2954
Author(s):  
Simonetta Genovesi ◽  
Paolo Salvi ◽  
Elisa Nava ◽  
Elena Tassistro ◽  
Marco Giussani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Mass ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Impact

Background: High blood pressure (BP) and excess weight can lead to early cardiovascular organ damage already in children. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) is the non-invasive gold standard method for assessing aortic stiffness, while carotid-radial PWV (cr-PWV) provides information on the distensibility of the upper limb arteries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of BP and BMI z-scores with arterial stiffness and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in a pediatric population. Methods: In 343 children (57.7% males; age ± SD 11.7 ± 2.9 years), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP, BMI, cf-PWV, cr-PWV and LVMI were measured. A multiple linear regression model was used to assess the impact of BMI and SBP (or DBP) z-scores on cf-PWV, cr-PWV and LVMI. Results: About 21% of children were normal weight, 34% were overweight and 45% obese. Adjusted for possible confounders, SBP and DBP z-scores were significantly associated with cf-PWV (p < 0.001), while only DBP z-scores were related to cr-PWV (p < 0.01). BMI was neither associated with cf-PWV nor with cr-PWV values but was a strong predictor of LVMI (<0.001), whereas cardiac mass and BP z-scores were not related. Conclusions: Our study suggests that, in children, elevated BP values and excess weight may have different effects on the heart and the vessels in causing early cardiovascular alterations.

A new technique for study of impact of arterial elasticity on left ventricular mass in rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (3) ◽  
pp. H981-H987
Author(s):  
F. Amin ◽  
N. Niederhoffer ◽  
R. Tatchum-Talom ◽  
T. Makki ◽  
J. Guillou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Left Ventricular Mass ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Arterial Elasticity ◽  
Ventricular Mass

We investigated possible links between left ventricular mass and central arterial elasticity in the adult spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and in a subgroup of SHR in which blood pressure was normalized by chronic antihypertensive drug treatment; results were compared with those of age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. Two indexes of arterial elasticity, based on the measurement of aortic pressure pulse wave velocity, were used. First, the slope relating carotidofemoral pulse wave velocity to blood pressure in the phenylephrine-infused pithed preparation was used as a pressure-independent index of wall elasticity. Second, to account for hypertension- and treatment-induced aortic remodeling, elastic modulus was determined from the pulse wave velocity recorded when blood pressure reached that measured in awake animals before anesthesia and pithing, together with values for wall thickness and lumen diameter evaluated by histomorphometric analysis after in situ fixation at the same pressure. In control SHR, regression analysis of variance revealed significant correlations between left ventricular mass and both wave velocity/pressure slope and elastic modulus. Chronic antihypertensive treatment normalized all three parameters. In conclusion, this new technique provides experimental evidence of a link between left ventricular mass and central arterial elasticity.

scholarly journals Pulse Wave Velocity as Marker of Preclinical Arterial Disease: Reference Levels in a Uruguayan Population Considering Wave Detection Algorithms, Path Lengths, Aging, and Blood Pressure

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Farro ◽  
Daniel Bia ◽  
Yanina Zócalo ◽  
Juan Torrado ◽  
Federico Farro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Blood Pressure Level ◽  
Study Time ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Age Related

Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) has emerged as the gold standard for non-invasive evaluation of aortic stiffness; absence of standardized methodologies of study and lack of normal and reference values have limited a wider clinical implementation. This work was carried out in a Uruguayan (South American) population in order to characterize normal, reference, and threshold levels of PWV considering normal age-related changes in PWV and the prevailing blood pressure level during the study. A conservative approach was used, and we excluded symptomatic subjects; subjects with history of cardiovascular (CV) disease, diabetes mellitus or renal failure; subjects with traditional CV risk factors (other than age and gender); asymptomatic subjects with atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries; patients taking anti-hypertensives or lipid-lowering medications. The included subjects (n=429) were categorized according to the age decade and the blood pressure levels (at study time). All subjects represented the “reference population”; the group of subjects with optimal/normal blood pressures levels at study time represented the “normal population.”Results. Normal and reference PWV levels were obtained. Differences in PWV levels and aging-associated changes were obtained. The obtained data could be used to define vascular aging and abnormal or disease-related arterial changes.

scholarly journals The Effects of Hemodynamic Changes on Pulse Wave Velocity in Cardiothoracic Surgical Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurie Obata ◽  
Maki Mizogami ◽  
Sarabdeep Singh ◽  
Daniel Nyhan ◽  
Dan E. Berkowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Pulse Transit Time ◽  
Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Continuous Wave Doppler

The effect of blood pressure on pulse wave velocity (PWV) is well established. However, PWV variability with acute hemodynamic changes has not been examined in the clinical setting. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of hemodynamic changes on PWV in patients who undergo cardiothoracic surgery. Using data from 25 patients, we determined blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) velocity-time integral. By superimposing the radial arterial waveform on the continuous wave Doppler waveform of the LVOT, obtained by transesophageal echo, we were able to determine pulse transit time and to calculate PWV, stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Increases in BP, HR, and SVR were associated with higher values for PWV. In contrast increases in SV were associated with decreases in PWV. Changes in CO were not significantly associated with PWV.

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