Movement and Control

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Hornstein
Keyword(s):  
Generative Grammar ◽  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Obligatory Control ◽  
And Control

Since the earliest days of generative grammar, control has been distinguished from raising: the latter the product of movement operations, the former the result of construal processes relating a PRO to an antecedent. This article argues that obligatory control structures are also formed by movement. Minimalism makes this approach viable by removing D-Structure as a grammatical level. Implementing the suggestion, however, requires eliminating the last vestiges of D-Structure still extant in Chomsky's (1995) version of the Minimalist Program. In particular, it requires dispensing with the θ-Criterion and adopting the view that θ-roles are featurelike in being able to license movement.

Grammaire Générative

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-54
Author(s):  
Gabriel G. Bès
Keyword(s):  
Control Problem ◽  
Generative Grammar ◽  
Compact Form ◽  
Obligatory Control ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
And Control

Generative grammar around 1980 The aim of this paper is to put into interaction Chomsky's methodological claims with his descriptive propositions. §1 presents in compact form Chomsky's methodological positions and in particular Rules and Representations. §2 examines Filters and Control, firstly the control problem and then, systematically, nearly all the filters proposed by Chomsky and Lasnik for English grammar. The main results are the absence of explicative power in all cases and very disturbing descriptive results as regards filters: they suppose different conditions on trace sensivity to them. On Binding is revised in §3 and particularly in relation to Filters and Control. Descriptive results are also disturbing here: they concern structures of obligatory control and embedded infinitive phrases. The Case filter is not a sufficient enough device and filters of the Filters and Control type are always required. Binding conditions on each other leave many unresolved examples. It is claimed (§4) that there is no such permissive notion of counter-examples capable of justifying the detected descriptive problems. Chomsky an hypotheses change, but it is impossible to say if they improve.

Reviewing Minimalist Theories of Control and a Brief Look at Romanian Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-214
Author(s):  
Mihaela Buzec
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Generative Grammar ◽  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Obligatory Control ◽  
Movement Theory ◽  
Applied Model ◽  
Control Theories

"Reviewing Minimalist Theories of Control and a Brief Look at Romanian Control. The phenomenon of control is a long-discussed topic within the enterprise of generative grammar. Multiple theories were composed and dismissed along with the advancement of the module, and with the development of the Minimalist program, more recent theories on control came to surface. The present article provides a review of two minimalist theories of control: the Movement Theory of Control and the Agree Model of Obligatory Control. A synopsis of one applied model of the MTC on Romanian data is also part of the paper, as is a brief commentary on the structure of Romanian control, namely an exploration of the tension between subjunctive and infinitive control complements. Keywords: control theories, minimalist program, Romanian control, Agree Model of Control, Movement Theory of Control "

James Bay Spillways and Control Structures

1981 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
Klaus R. Ludwig ◽  
Richard T. Olive
Keyword(s):  
James Bay ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Leading in a VUCA World

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-111
Author(s):  
R Ramakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
The Future ◽  
Entire World ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Control ◽  
Crisis Leaders

The current COVID-19 virus has put the entire world in lockdown, creating one of the worst times of a VUCA world. The changes that are happening because of the pandemic are large scale and occur suddenly. There is a shortage of leadership everywhere. Leaders are unprepared to lead effectively. In this fast-changing and disruptive environment, command and control structures fail. Leaders are expected to act on incomplete or insufficient information. They do not know where to start to drive change as increased complexity makes it difficult. Leaders lack time to reflect and end up acting too quickly or acting too late as they get stuck in analysis paralysis. They are far removed from the source and are forced to act with a limited understanding of events and their meanings. The role and type of leadership are being tested as we are trying to come out of this crisis. Leaders cannot predict the future but need to make sense of it in order to thrive. This paper would analyse challenges that are being faced by leaders in this critical period and how these can be converted into opportunities like a vaccine for the virus.

scholarly journals Ownership and control structure, corporate governance and income smoothing in Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-192
Author(s):  
Damiana Torres ◽  
Adriano Leal Bruni ◽  
Antonio Lopo Martinez ◽  
Miguel Angel Rivera-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Control Structure ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Income Smoothing ◽  
General Category ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Nonfinancial Firms ◽  
Majority Shareholder

Income smoothing is a longstanding practice under the more general category of earnings management. As the name suggests, it consists of smoothing out the fluctuations of the income series. This article examines the association between the ownership and control structure, level of corporate governance and origin of capital (foreign or domestic) of Brazilian companies on their propensity to smooth income. Using a sample of nonfinancial firms with shares traded on the São Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa) at the end of 2007, we performed covariance analysis based on data from the preceding ten years, where the dependent variable was the index proposed by Eckel, an empirical proxy for smoothing. The results indicate that the more concentrated the shareholding and control structures of Brazilian firms are, both according to overall capital and voting capital, the more intensely they tend to smooth earnings to favor the interests of the majority shareholder. The results also show that this effect is less pronounced for firms with enhanced corporate governance levels and those with foreign capital.

The Concept of Explanatory Adequacy

2016 ◽  
pp. 96-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Rizzi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Generative Grammar ◽  
Language Learner ◽  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of ◽  
Explanatory Adequacy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

This chapter illustrates the technical notion of ‘explanatory adequacy’ in the context of the other forms of empirical adequacy envisaged in the history of generative grammar: an analysis of a linguistic phenomenon is said to meet ‘explanatory adequacy’ when it comes with a reasonable account of how the phenomenon is acquired by the language learner. It discusses the relevance of arguments from the poverty of the stimulus, which bear on the complexity of the task that every language learner successfully accomplishes, and therefore define critical cases for evaluating the explanatory adequacy of a linguistic analysis. After illustrating the impact that parametric models had on the possibility of achieving explanatory adequacy on a large scale, the chapter addresses the role that explanatory adequacy plays in the context of the Minimalist Program, and the interplay that the concept has with the further explanation ‘beyond explanatory adequacy’ that minimalist analysis seeks.

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