scholarly journals The Neural Bases of Distraction and Reappraisal

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateri McRae ◽  
Brent Hughes ◽  
Sita Chopra ◽  
John D. E. Gabrieli ◽  
James J. Gross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Affective Meaning ◽  
Attentional Deployment ◽  
Cognitive Reframing ◽  
Fmri Study

Distraction and reappraisal are two commonly used forms of cognitive emotion regulation. Functional neuroimaging studies have shown that each one depends upon interactions between pFC, interpreted as implementing cognitive control, and limbic regions, interpreted as mediating emotional responses. However, no study has directly compared distraction with reappraisal, and it remains unclear whether they draw upon different neural mechanisms and have different emotional consequences. The present fMRI study compared distraction and reappraisal and found both similarities and differences between the two forms of emotion regulation. Both resulted in decreased negative affect, decreased activation in the amygdala, and increased activation in prefrontal and cingulate regions. Relative to distraction, reappraisal led to greater decreases in negative affect and to greater increases in a network of regions associated with processing affective meaning (medial prefrontal and anterior temporal cortices). Relative to reappraisal, distraction led to greater decreases in amygdala activation and to greater increases in activation in prefrontal and parietal regions. Taken together, these data suggest that distraction and reappraisal differentially engage neural systems involved in attentional deployment and cognitive reframing and have different emotional consequences.

scholarly journals Selective REM-Sleep Suppression Increases Next-Day Negative Affect and Amygdala Responses to Social Exclusion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W Glosemeyer ◽  
Susanne Diekelmann ◽  
Werner Cassel ◽  
Karl Kesper ◽  
Ulrich Koehler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Amygdala Activity ◽  
Neural Underpinnings

AbstractHealthy sleep, positive general affect, and the ability to regulate emotional experiences are fundamental for well-being. In contrast, various mental disorders are associated with altered rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, negative affect, and diminished emotion regulation abilities. However, the neural processes mediating the relationship between these different phenomena are still not fully understood. In the present study of 42 healthy volunteers, we investigated the effects of selective REM sleep suppression (REMS) on general affect, as well as on feelings of social exclusion, emotion regulation, and their neural underpinnings. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging we show that REMS increases amygdala responses to experimental social exclusion, as well as negative affect on the morning following sleep deprivation. There was no evidence that emotional responses to experimentally induced social exclusion or their regulation using cognitive reappraisal were impacted by diminished REM sleep. Our findings indicate that general affect and amygdala activity depend on REM sleep, while specific emotional experiences possibly rely on additional psychological processes and neural systems that are less readily influenced by REMS.

scholarly journals Emotion Risk-Factor in Patients with Cardiac Diseases: The Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies, Positive Affect and Negative Affect (A Case-Control Study)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Bahremand ◽  
Mostafa Alikhani ◽  
Ali Zakiei ◽  
Parisa Janjani ◽  
Abbas Aghei
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Control Study

<p>Application of psychological interventions is essential in classic treatments for patient with cardiac diseases. The present study compared cognitive emotion regulation strategies, positive affect, and negative affect for cardiac patients with healthy subjects. This study was a case-control study. Fifty subjects were selected using convenient sampling method from cardiac (coronary artery disease) patients presenting in Imam Ali medical center of Kermanshah, Iran in the spring 2013. Fifty subjects accompanied the patients to the medical center, selected as control group, did not have any history of cardiac diseases. For collecting data, the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire and positive and negative affect scales were used. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) Was applied using the SPSS statistical software (ver. 19.0).<strong> </strong>In all cognitive emotion regulation strategies, there was a significant difference between the two groups. A significant difference was also detected regarding positive affect between the two groups, but no significant difference was found regarding negative affect. We found as a result that, Having poor emotion regulation strategies is a risk factor for developing heart<em> </em>diseases.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> cognitive emotion regulation, positive affect, negative affect, cardiac disease</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Dissociable Neural Systems Supporting Knowledge about Human Character and Appearance in Ourselves and Others

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2222-2230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Moran ◽  
Su Mei Lee ◽  
John D. E. Gabrieli
Keyword(s):  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Neural System ◽  
The Self ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Double Dissociation ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
President Bush

Functional neuroimaging has identified a neural system comprising posterior cingulate (pCC) and medial prefrontal (mPFC) cortices that appears to mediate self-referential thought. It is unclear whether the two components of this system mediate similar or different psychological processes, and how specific this system is for self relative to others. In an fMRI study, we compared brain responses for evaluation of character (e.g., honest) versus appearance (e.g., svelte) for oneself, one's mother (a close other), and President Bush (a distant other). There was a double dissociation between dorsal mPFC, which was more engaged for character than appearance judgments, and pCC, which was more engaged for appearance than character judgments. A ventral region of mPFC was engaged for judgments involving one's own character and appearance, and one's mother's character, but not her appearance. A follow-up behavioral study indicated that participants rate their own character and appearance, and their mother's character, but not her appearance, as important in their self-concept. This suggests that ventral mPFC activation reflects its role in processing information relevant to the self, but not limited to the self. Thus, specific neural systems mediate specific aspects of thinking about character and appearance in oneself and in others.

scholarly journals Rethinking Feelings: An fMRI Study of the Cognitive Regulation of Emotion

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1215-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin N. Ochsner ◽  
Silvia A. Bunge ◽  
James J. Gross ◽  
John D. E. Gabrieli
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Aversive Events ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Regulation Of Emotion ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

The ability to cognitively regulate emotional responses to aversive events is important for mental and physical health. Little is known, however, about neural bases of the cognitive control of emotion. The present study employed functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural systems used to reappraise highly negative scenes in unemotional terms. Reappraisal of highly negative scenes reduced subjective experience of negative affect. Neural correlates of reappraisal were increased activation of the lateral and medial prefrontal regions and decreased activation of the amygdala and medial orbito-frontal cortex. These findings support the hypothesis that prefrontal cortex is involved in constructing reappraisal strategies that can modulate activity in multiple emotion-processing systems.

Cognitive emotion regulation enhances aversive prediction error activity while reducing emotional responses

NeuroImage ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 138-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satja Mulej Bratec ◽  
Xiyao Xie ◽  
Gabriele Schmid ◽  
Anselm Doll ◽  
Leonhard Schilbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation

scholarly journals Should we detach from detachment? Regulatory and post-regulatory effects of emotion downregulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kersten Diers ◽  
Denise Dörfel ◽  
Anne Gärtner ◽  
Sabine Schönfeld ◽  
Henrik Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
The Right ◽  
Experimental Trials

The regulation of emotion is an indispensable part of mental health and adaptive behavior. Research into emotion regulation processes has largely focused on the immediate effects of volitional emotion regulation. However, there is scarce evidence considering post-regulatory effects with regard to neural mechanisms and emotional experiences. Therefore, we compared immediate effects of cognitive emotion regulation with effects at different short- and long-term intervals. In an fMRI study with N=48 young healthy adults, we compared neuronal responses to negative and neutral pictures while participants were instructed to detach from or to actively permit any emotions that might arise in response to these stimuli. We investigated the temporal dynamics of activation changes in cognitive control brain networks as well as in the amygdala during regulation and post-regulation, as well as during re-exposure with the same pictures after short (10 minutes) and long (1 week) time intervals.Negative stimuli elicited a strong response in brain regions involved in affective processing, including the amygdala. Cognitive emotion regulation led to a decrease of this response, and to an increase of activation most prominently in the right middle frontal and inferior parietal cortex. We observed an interaction effect of time (regulation vs. post-regulation) and strategy (detach vs. permit), indicating a partial reversal of regulation effects during the post-regulation phase. Similarly, after 10 minutes and after 1 week, activation in the amygdala was higher during pictures, that participants were previously instructed to detach from as compared to permit.These results show that the temporal dynamics are highly variable both within experimental trials and across brain region. This can even take the form of paradoxical post-regulation effects at immediate and prolonged time-scales.

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