Selective REM-Sleep Suppression Increases Next-Day Negative Affect and Amygdala Responses to Social Exclusion

AbstractHealthy sleep, positive general affect, and the ability to regulate emotional experiences are fundamental for well-being. In contrast, various mental disorders are associated with altered rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, negative affect, and diminished emotion regulation abilities. However, the neural processes mediating the relationship between these different phenomena are still not fully understood. In the present study of 42 healthy volunteers, we investigated the effects of selective REM sleep suppression (REMS) on general affect, as well as on feelings of social exclusion, emotion regulation, and their neural underpinnings. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging we show that REMS increases amygdala responses to experimental social exclusion, as well as negative affect on the morning following sleep deprivation. There was no evidence that emotional responses to experimentally induced social exclusion or their regulation using cognitive reappraisal were impacted by diminished REM sleep. Our findings indicate that general affect and amygdala activity depend on REM sleep, while specific emotional experiences possibly rely on additional psychological processes and neural systems that are less readily influenced by REMS.

Download Full-text

Selective suppression of rapid eye movement sleep increases next-day negative affect and amygdala responses to social exclusion

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-74169-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Robert W. Glosemeyer ◽

Susanne Diekelmann ◽

Werner Cassel ◽

Karl Kesper ◽

Ulrich Koehler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Social Exclusion ◽

Rem Sleep ◽

Well Being ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Future Research ◽

Rapid Eye Movement ◽

Neural Processes ◽

Neural Underpinnings

Abstract Healthy sleep, positive general affect, and the ability to regulate emotional experiences are fundamental for well-being. In contrast, various mental disorders are associated with altered rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, negative affect, and diminished emotion regulation abilities. However, the neural processes mediating the relationship between these different phenomena are still not fully understood. In the present study of 42 healthy volunteers, we investigated the effects of selective REM sleep suppression (REMS) on general affect, as well as on feelings of social exclusion, cognitive reappraisal (CRA) of emotions, and their neural underpinnings. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging we show that, on the morning following sleep suppression, REMS increases general negative affect, enhances amygdala responses and alters its functional connectivity with anterior cingulate cortex during passively experienced experimental social exclusion. However, we did not find effects of REMS on subjective emotional ratings in response to social exclusion, their regulation using CRA, nor on functional amygdala connectivity while participants employed CRA. Our study supports the notion that REM sleep is important for affective processes, but emphasizes the need for future research to systematically investigate how REMS impacts different domains of affective experience and their neural correlates, in both healthy and (sub-)clinical populations.

Download Full-text

Bahagia dalam Meraih Cita-cita: Kesejahteraan Subjektif Mahasiswa Teknik Arsitektur Ditinjau dari Regulasi Emosi dan Efikasi Diri

Psikohumaniora Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi ◽

10.21580/pjpp.v2i1.1357 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Setyani Alfinuha ◽

Fathul Lubabin Nuqul

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Satisfaction With Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Life Scale ◽

New Students ◽

Negative Feelings

Abstract: Subjective well-being is people’s evaluation of they life. It includes evaluation about cognitive and affective. People have higher subjective well-being, they have a more positive affective or good feelings and satisfied with the life they have. Contrary, people who have lower subjective well-being tend to overcome negative feelings in him. Therefore, subjective well-being is very important in the life of every individual is no exception to the new students. There are many factors that influence the subjective well-being such as sex, religion, education, intelligence emotion regulation and self efficacy. This study focused on the influence of self efficacy and regulasi emosi toward subjective well-being. This study aims to look at the effects of self-efficacy and emotion regulation towards students’s subjective well-being. The study involved 107 new students majoring in engineering architecture that consists of 51 men and 56 women This study uses a quantitative approach which is measured using four scales that is Possitive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), General Self efficacy (GSE), and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) to measure emotion regulation. The results show that there is the influence of self-efficacy and emotion regulation on subjective well-being. Simultanously, self-efficacy and regulation of emotions influence subjective well-being of 32.5% to the subjective well-being. But partialy, self efficacy more has contribute to subjective well-being, than emotion regulation.<div class="Section1">Abstrak: Subjective well-being merupakan evaluasi individu terhadap kehidupannya yang meliputi penilaian kognitif dan afeksi. Individu dikatakan memiliki subjective well-being tinggi jika mengalami lebih banyak afeksi positif atau perasaan menyenangkan dan puas atas kehidupan yang dimiliki. Sebaliknya, orang yang memiliki subjective well-being rendah cenderung diliputi perasaan-perasaan negatif dalam dirinya. Oleh sebab itu, subjective well-being sangat penting dalam kehidupan setiap individu tidak terkecuali pada mahasiswa baru. Ada banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi subjective well-being antara lain jenis kelamin, religiusitas, pendidikan, kecerdasan, regulasi emosi dan self efficacy. Penelitian ini memfocuskan tentang pengaruh efikasi diri dan regulasi emosi terhadap subjective well-being. Penelitian ini melibatkan 107 orang mahasiswa baru jurusan teknik arsitektur yang terdiri dari 51 orang laki-laki dan 56 orang perempuan Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang diukur menggunakan empat skala yaitu Possitive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), General Self efficacy (GSE) dan Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Analisis yang dilakukan adalah analisis deskripsi dan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh self efficacy dan regulasi emosi terhadap subjective well-being. Secara bersama-sama, self efficacy dan regulasi emosi mempengaruhi subjective well-being sebesar 32,5%terhadap subjective well-being. Secara terpisah, self efficacy memberikan sumbangan sebanyak 21,62% dan regulasi emosi sebanyak 3,53% terhadap subjective well-being.</div>

Download Full-text

Effects of Proactive Behavior on Within-Day Changes in Occupational Well-Being: The Role of Organizational Tenure and Emotion Regulation Skills

10.31234/osf.io/cu7mg ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Clarissa Bohlmann ◽

Cort Rudolph ◽

Hannes Zacher

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Well Being ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Proactive Behavior ◽

Total N ◽

Daily Diary Study ◽

Emotional Work ◽

Organizational Tenure

Only recently has research started to examine relationships between proactive behavior and employee well-being. Investigating these relationships is important for understanding the effects of proactivity at work, and whether proactivity leads to an increase or a decrease in well-being. In this study, we investigated day-level effects of proactive behavior on four indicators of occupational well-being (i.e., activated positive and negative affect, emotional work engagement and fatigue). Moreover, based on theorizing on “wise proactivity,” we examined organizational tenure and emotion regulation as moderators of these effects. In total, N = 71 employees participated in a daily diary study with two measurements per day for ten consecutive working days. Results revealed that emotion regulation interacted with daily proactive behavior to predict daily emotional work fatigue, such that the effect of proactive behavior on emotional work fatigue was only positive for employees with low (vs. high) emotion regulation. Supplementary analyses examining reverse effects of occupational well-being on proactive behavior showed that organizational tenure interacted with daily activated positive and negative affect in predicting proactive behavior. For employees with lower (vs. higher) organizational tenure only, both activated positive and negative affect were negatively associated with proactive behavior. Overall, our findings contribute to the growing body of research on proactive behavior and well-being by demonstrating reciprocal and conditional day-level relationships among these variables.

Download Full-text

Cultural differences in non-social neural processes

10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198743194.003.0003 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Shihui Han

Keyword(s):

Brain Activity ◽

East Asian ◽

Neural Systems ◽

Cultural Neuroscience ◽

Mathematical Operation ◽

Cultural Preferences ◽

Causality Judgment ◽

Neural Processes ◽

Neural Underpinnings ◽

And Behavior

Chapter 3 presents a theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between sociocultural experience and cognition, and for explanation of the differences in cognition and behavior between East Asian and Western cultures. It further reviews cultural neuroscience findings that uncover common and distinct neural underpinnings of cognitive processes in individuals from Western and East Asian cultures. Cross-cultural brain imaging findings have shown evidence for differences in brain activity between East Asian and Western cultures involved in perception, attention, memory, causality judgment, mathematical operation, semantic relationship, and decision making. The cultural neuroscience findings reveal neural bases for cultural preferences of context-independent or context-dependent strategies of cognition in multiple neural systems.

Download Full-text

Integrating Empathy and Interpersonal Emotion Regulation

Annual Review of Psychology ◽

10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050830 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 517-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jamil Zaki

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Positive Affect ◽

Close Relationships ◽

Real Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Social Emotions ◽

Interpersonal Emotion Regulation

When individuals experience empathy , they often seek to bolster others’ well-being. But what do empathizers want others to feel? Though psychologists have studied empathy and prosociality for decades, this question has yet to be clearly addressed. This is because virtually all existing research focuses on cases in which improving others’ well-being also comprises heightening their positive affect or decreasing their negative affect and helping them reach their own emotional goals. In this review, I argue that real-life empathic goals encompass a broader range—including sometimes worsening targets’ affect or contravening their wishes in order to improve their well-being—that can be productively integrated into the framework of interpersonal emotion regulation (IER). I review the empathic IER spectrum in a number of contexts, including close relationships, professional caregiving, and group-based emotions. Integrating empathy and IER provides a synthetic and generative way to ask new questions about how social emotions produce prosocial actions.

Download Full-text

Reactive, Agentic, Apathetic, or Challenged? Aging, Emotion, and Coping During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Gerontologist ◽

10.1093/geront/gnaa196 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nathaniel A Young ◽

Christian E Waugh ◽

Alyssa R Minton ◽

Susan T Charles ◽

Claudia M Haase ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Older Adult ◽

Age Differences ◽

Well Being ◽

Emotional Experiences ◽

Younger Adults ◽

And Coping ◽

Design And Methods

Abstract Background and Objectives Advanced age is generally associated with improved emotional well-being, but the COVID-19 pandemic unleashed a global stressor that gravely threatened the physical well-being and ostensibly challenged the emotional well-being of older adults disproportionately. The current study investigated differences in emotional experiences and coping strategies between younger and older adults during the pandemic, and whether these differences were accounted for by age differences in appraisal of the pandemic. Research Design and Methods We asked younger (n = 181) and older adult (n = 176) participants to report their stress, appraisals the pandemic, emotions, and the ways in which they were coping with the pandemic. Results Results indicated that older adults experienced less stress and less negative affect and used greater problem-focused coping and less avoidant coping in response to the pandemic than younger adults. Further, age differences in affect and coping were partially accounted for by age differences in appraisals of the pandemic. Discussion and Implications Despite their objectively higher risk of illness and death due to the pandemic, older adults experienced less negative affect and used more agentic coping strategies than younger adults.

Download Full-text

Negative Affect and Performance on Exam Day in College Students: The Role of Self-Regulation

Student Success ◽

10.5204/ssj.1645 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 35-46

Author(s):

Alissa Russell ◽

Kathleen Thursby ◽

Teresa Aubele-Futch ◽

Rebecca Stoddart

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Well Being ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Professional Goals ◽

And Performance ◽

Performance Results ◽

The Relationship

In the U.S., college transition grows increasingly difficult, with students experiencing rising levels of stress and anxiety. Such challenges may arise as students face normative but novice stressors while working towards professional goals. Students’ ability to engage in successful self-regulation may be especially important in response to these challenges. The goals of the present study were to assess a) the mediating role of self-regulatory behaviors on the relationship between trait emotion regulation and negative affect (NA) on the day of a first major college exam; and, b) the mediating role of exam-day NA on the relationship between self-regulatory behaviors and exam performance. Results show that trait-level challenges in emotion regulation are associated with increased procrastination behaviors in the days before the exam, which in turn is associated with higher NA on exam day. Implications are discussed for well-being and success of students, particularly for students who struggle with self-regulation.

Download Full-text

The Costs and Benefits of Mindfulness and Reappraisal in Daily Life

10.31234/osf.io/ca7hg ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mario Wenzel ◽

Elisabeth Sophie Blanke ◽

Zarah Rowland ◽

Annette Brose

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Daily Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Costs And Benefits ◽

Short Term ◽

Sampling Studies ◽

Trait Level ◽

Reduced Costs ◽

Benefits And Costs

Reappraisal and mindfulness represent two fundamentally different ways of dealing with one’s emotions: Whereas reappraisal aims at changing one’s thoughts and emotions, mindfulness is aimed at not changing, but appreciating them. Despite this difference, prior research has shown that both are similarly associated with short-term benefits and trait-level correlates. However, research on the spontaneous use of reappraisal and mindfulness in daily life found that mindfulness is more effective in decreasing negative affect than reappraisal. The spontaneous use of reappraisal may be less effective than mindfulness in daily life given that it is more cognitively taxing. Therefore, we assumed in the present research that the increased costs (i.e., feeling exhausted) of spontaneously endorsing reappraisal compared to mindfulness can explain why reappraisal is less effective in regulating negative affect than mindfulness. In two experience sampling studies (N = 125 and N = 179), we found evidence for different costs and benefits of reappraisal compared to mindfulness. Regarding short-term benefits, endorsing reappraisal was significantly associated with increases in positive affect, whereas endorsing the mindfulness component acceptance was significantly associated with decreases in negative affect. Regarding short-term costs, we found that endorsing reappraisal was more exhausting, and that reappraisal was selected less often than mindfulness in daily life. Finally, acceptance was associated more strongly with trait level indicators of well-being than reappraisal, which may be explained by the reduced costs of endorsing acceptance compared to reappraisal. Our results demonstrate the importance of assessing both the benefits and costs of emotion regulation in daily life.

Download Full-text

REM Sleep Depotentiates Amygdala Activity to Previous Emotional Experiences

Current Biology ◽

10.1016/j.cub.2011.10.052 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (23) ◽

pp. 2029-2032 ◽

Cited By ~ 185

Author(s):

Els van der Helm ◽

Justin Yao ◽

Shubir Dutt ◽

Vikram Rao ◽

Jared M. Saletin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rem Sleep ◽

Emotional Experiences ◽

Amygdala Activity

Download Full-text

Associations between perceived injustice, unforgiveness, and psychological well-being among ex-communicants

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships ◽

10.1177/0265407520914878 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 1991-2011

Author(s):

Susan D. Boon ◽

Jac Brown

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Social Exclusion ◽

Association Analysis ◽

Online Survey ◽

Well Being ◽

Psychological Outcomes ◽

Perceived Injustice ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Religious Sect ◽

The Church

Through the experiences of individuals excommunicated from a small religious sect ( N = 95), we explored the association between perceptions of injustice resulting from chronic social exclusion and reduced psychological well-being. We also tested whether unforgiveness toward the church—particularly a tendency for participants to experience lingering negative affect and rumination about their treatment by the church—mediates this association. Analysis of responses to an online survey about participants’ experiences of chronic ostracism revealed the predicted association between perceived injustice and both anxiety and loneliness but not depression and supported our prediction that emotional-ruminative unforgiveness explains this association. Our findings also call into question whether the psychological outcomes of prolonged social exclusion are necessarily chronic and debilitating.

Download Full-text