Dynamic Adjustments of Cognitive Control: Oscillatory Correlates of the Conflict Adaptation Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2167-2178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Pastötter ◽  
Gesine Dreisbach ◽  
Karl-Heinz T. Bäuml
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Adaptation Effect ◽  
Previous Trial ◽  
Conflict Adaptation ◽  
Response Priming ◽  
Theta Power ◽  
Current Trial ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
A Current ◽  
Adaptation Effects

It is a prominent idea that cognitive control mediates conflict adaptation, in that response conflict in a previous trial triggers control adjustments that reduce conflict in a current trial. In the present EEG study, we investigated the dynamics of cognitive control in a response-priming task by examining the effects of previous trial conflict on intertrial and current trial oscillatory brain activities, both on the electrode and the source level. Behavioral results showed conflict adaptation effects for RTs and response accuracy. Physiological results showed sustained intertrial effects in left parietal theta power, originating in the left inferior parietal cortex, and midcentral beta power, originating in the left and right (pre)motor cortex. Moreover, physiological analysis revealed a current trial conflict adaptation effect in midfrontal theta power, originating in the ACC. Correlational analyses showed that intertrial effects predicted conflict-induced midfrontal theta power in currently incongruent trials. In addition, conflict adaptation effects in midfrontal theta power and RTs were positively related. Together, these findings point to a dynamic cognitive control system that, as a function of previous trial type, up- and down-regulates attention and preparatory motor activities in anticipation of the next trial.

Distinct cognitive control mechanisms as revealed by modality-specific conflict adaptation effects.

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guochun Yang ◽  
Weizhi Nan ◽  
Ya Zheng ◽  
Haiyan Wu ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Conflict Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Effects

Exploring the Generality of Transient Cognitive Control: Conflict Adaptation Effects Across Task-Switching and Non-Task-Switching Trial Sequences

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Faust ◽  
Kristi S. Multhaup ◽  
Sasha Levons ◽  
Kareem Abdelnabi ◽  
Anam Barakzai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Conflict Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Effects

scholarly journals Cognitive control involves theta power within trials and beta power across trials in the prefrontal-subthalamic network

Brain ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (12) ◽  
pp. 3361-3376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baltazar Zavala ◽  
Anthony Jang ◽  
Michael Trotta ◽  
Codrin I Lungu ◽  
Peter Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Theta Power ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Behavioural Adaptations

Abstract There is increasing evidence that the medial prefrontal cortex participates in conflict and feedback monitoring while the subthalamic nucleus adjusts actions. Yet how these two structures coordinate their activity during cognitive control remains poorly understood. We recorded from the human prefrontal cortex and the subthalamic nucleus simultaneously while participants (n = 22) performed a novel task involving high conflict trials, complete response inhibition trials, and trial-to-trial behavioural adaptations to conflict and errors. Overall, we found that within-trial adaptions to both conflict and complete response inhibition involved changes in the theta band while across-trial behavioural adaptations to both conflict and errors involved changes in the beta band (P < 0.05). Yet the role each region’s theta and beta oscillations played during the task differed significantly between the two sites. Trials that involved either within-trial conflict or complete response inhibition were associated with increased theta phase synchrony between the medial prefrontal cortex and the subthalamic nucleus (P < 0.05). Despite increased synchrony, however, increases in prefrontal theta power were associated with response inhibition, while increases in subthalamic theta power were associated with response execution (P < 0.05). In the beta band, post-response increases in prefrontal beta power were suppressed when the completed trial contained either conflict or an erroneous response (P < 0.05). Subthalamic beta power, on the other hand, was only modified during the subsequent trial that followed a conflict or error trial. Notably, these adaptation trials exhibited slower response times (P < 0.05), suggesting that both brain regions contribute to across-trial adaptations but do so at different stages of the adaptation process. Taken together, our data shed light on the mechanisms underlying within-trial and across-trial cognitive control and how disruption of this network can negatively impact cognition. More broadly, however, our data also demonstrate that the specific role of a brain region, rather than the frequency being utilized, governs the behavioural correlates of oscillatory activity.

scholarly journals On the reliability of behavioral measures of cognitive control: retest reliability of task-inhibition effect, task-preparation effect, Stroop-like interference, and conflict adaptation effect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Schuch ◽  
Andrea M. Philipp ◽  
Luisa Maulitz ◽  
Iring Koch
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Adaptation Effect ◽  
Conflict Adaptation ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Csi Effect ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Task Preparation

AbstractThis study examined the reliability (retest and split-half) of four common behavioral measures of cognitive control. In Experiment 1 (N = 96), we examined N – 2 task repetition costs as a marker of task-level inhibition, and the cue-stimulus interval (CSI) effect as a marker of time-based task preparation. In Experiment 2 (N = 48), we examined a Stroop-like face-name interference effect as a measure of distractor interference control, and the sequential congruency effect (“conflict adaptation effect”) as a measure of conflict-triggered adaptation of cognitive control. In both experiments, the measures were assessed in two sessions on the same day, separated by a 10 min-long unrelated filler task. We observed substantial experimental effects with medium to large effect sizes. At the same time, split-half reliabilities were moderate, and retest reliabilities were poor, for most measures, except for the CSI effect. Retest reliability of the Stroop-like effect was improved when considering only trials preceded by congruent trials. Together, the data suggest that these cognitive control measures are well suited for assessing group-level effects of cognitive control. Yet, except for the CSI effect, these measures do not seem suitable for reliably assessing interindividual differences in the strength of cognitive control, and therefore are not suited for correlational approaches. We discuss possible reasons for the discrepancy between robustness at the group level and reliability at the level of interindividual differences.

The conflict adaptation effect in Parkinson's disease: a study with EEG

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Rustamov ◽  
R Rodriguez-Raecke ◽  
B Kopp ◽  
L Timm ◽  
R Dengler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Adaptation Effect ◽  
Conflict Adaptation

scholarly journals Right Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex Mediates Individual Differences in Conflict-driven Cognitive Control

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3903-3913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Egner
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Conflict Adaptation ◽  
Traditional Group ◽  
Behavioral Expression

Conflict adaptation—a conflict-triggered improvement in the resolution of conflicting stimulus or response representations—has become a widely used probe of cognitive control processes in both healthy and clinical populations. Previous fMRI studies have localized activation foci associated with conflict resolution to dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC). The traditional group analysis approach employed in these studies highlights regions that are, on average, activated during conflict resolution, but does not necessarily reveal areas mediating individual differences in conflict resolution, because between-subject variance is treated as noise. Here, we employed a complementary approach to elucidate the neural bases of variability in the proficiency of conflict-driven cognitive control. We analyzed two independent fMRI data sets of face–word Stroop tasks by using individual variability in the behavioral expression of conflict adaptation as the metric against which brain activation was regressed while controlling for individual differences in mean RT and Stroop interference. Across the two experiments, a replicable neural substrate of individual variation in conflict adaptation was found in ventrolateral PFC (vlPFC), specifically, in the right inferior frontal gyrus, pars orbitalis (BA 47). Unbiased regression estimates showed that variability in activity in this region accounted for ∼40% of the variance in behavioral expression of conflict adaptation across subjects, thus documenting a heretofore unsuspected key role for vlPFC in mediating conflict-driven adjustments in cognitive control. We speculate that vlPFC plays a primary role in conflict control that is supplemented by dlPFC recruitment under conditions of suboptimal performance.

scholarly journals Using experience to improve: how errors shape behavior and brain activity in monkeys

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5395
Author(s):  
Jose L. Pardo-Vazquez ◽  
Carlos Acuña
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Previous Trial ◽  
Current Trial ◽  
Future Behavior

Previous works have shown that neurons from the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) represent several elements of perceptual decisions. One of the most striking findings was that, after the outcome of the choice is known, neurons from PMv encode all the information necessary for evaluating the decision process. These results prompted us to suggest that this cortical area could be involved in shaping future behavior. In this work, we have characterized neuronal activity and behavioral performance as a function of the outcome of the previous trial. We found that the outcome of the immediately previous trial (n−1) significantly changes, in the current trial (n), the activity of single cells and behavioral performance. The outcome of trial n−2, however, does not affect either behavior or neuronal activity. Moreover, the outcome of difficult trials had a greater impact on performance and recruited more PMv neurons than the outcome of easy trials. These results give strong support to our suggestion that PMv neurons evaluate the decision process and use this information to modify future behavior.

scholarly journals Visual body size adaptation and estimation of tactile distance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regine Zopf ◽  
Veronika Kosourikhina ◽  
Kevin R. Brooks ◽  
Vince Polito ◽  
Ian Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Adaptation Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Size Perception ◽  
Visual Adaptation ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adaptation Effects

Estimating the size of bodies is crucial for interactions with physical and social environments. Body size perception is malleable and can be altered using visual adaptation paradigms. However, it is unclear whether such visual adaptation effects also transfer to other modalities and influence, for example, the perception of tactile distances. In this study we employed a visual adaptation paradigm. Participants were exposed to images of expanded or contracted versions of self- or other-identity bodies. Before and after this adaptation they were asked to manipulate the width of body images to appear as “normal” as possible. We replicated an effect of visual adaptation, such that the body size selected as most “normal” was larger after exposure to expanded and thinner after exposure to contracted adaptation stimuli. In contrast, we did not find evidence that this adaptation effect transfers to distance estimates for paired tactile stimuli delivered to the abdomen. A Bayesian analysis showed that our data provide moderate evidence that there is no effect of visual body size adaptation on the estimation of spatial parameters in a tactile task. This suggests that visual body size adaptation effects do not transfer to somatosensory body size representations.

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