scholarly journals Communicating Compositional Patterns

Open Mind ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Eric Schulz ◽  
Francisco Quiroga ◽  
Samuel J. Gershman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Description Language ◽  
Compositional Model ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Pattern Description ◽  
Compositional Patterns

How do people perceive and communicate structure? We investigate this question by letting participants play a communication game, where one player describes a pattern, and another player redraws it based on the description alone. We use this paradigm to compare two models of pattern description, one compositional (complex structures built out of simpler ones) and one noncompositional. We find that compositional patterns are communicated more effectively than noncompositional patterns, that a compositional model of pattern description predicts which patterns are harder to describe, and that this model can be used to evaluate participants’ drawings, producing humanlike quality ratings. Our results suggest that natural language can tap into a compositionally structured pattern description language.

scholarly journals Communicating compositional patterns

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Schulz ◽  
Francisco Quiroga ◽  
Samuel J. Gershman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Description Language ◽  
Compositional Model ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Pattern Description ◽  
Compositional Patterns

AbstractHow do people perceive and communicate structure? We investigate this question by letting participants play a communication game, where one player describes a pattern, and another player redraws it based on the description alone. We use this paradigm to compare two models of pattern description, one compositional (complex structures built out of simpler ones) and one non-compositional. We find that compositional patterns are communicated more effectively than non-compositional patterns, that a compositional model of pattern description predicts which patterns are harder to describe, and that this model can be used to evaluate participants’ drawings, producing human-like quality ratings. Our results suggest that natural language can tap into a compositionally structured pattern description language.

A pattern description language—PADEL

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Breeding ◽  
John O. Amoss
Keyword(s):  
Description Language ◽  
Pattern Description

scholarly journals A SYNTACTIC OMNI-FONT CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEM

1987 ◽  
Vol 01 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 303-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE WOLBERG
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Matching ◽  
Character Recognition ◽  
Topological Structure ◽  
Scale Invariance ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Description Language ◽  
Structural Pattern ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pattern Description ◽  
Orthogonal Set

This paper introduces a syntactic omni-font character recognition system. The "omni-font" attribute reflects the wide range of fonts that fall within the class of characters that can be recognized. This includes hand-printed characters as well. A structural pattern-matching approach is employed. Essentially, a set of loosely constrained rules specify pattern components and their interrelationships. The robustness of the system is derived from the orthogonal set of pattern descriptors, location functions, and the manner in which they are combined to exploit the topological structure of characters. By virtue of the new pattern description language, PDL, developed in this paper, the user may easily write rules to define new patterns for the system to recognize. The system also features scale-invariance and user-definable sensitivity to tilt orientation.

Adapting the Iawa List of Microscopic Features for Hardwood Identification to Delta

IAWA Journal ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narcisana Espinoza de Pernia ◽  
Regis B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Word Processor ◽  
Wood Identification ◽  
Description Language ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Interactive Species ◽  
Microscopic Features

The IAWA List of Microscopic Features for Hardwood Identification was adapted to DELTA (DEscription Language for TAxonomy), a package of computer programs for generating taxonomic descriptions and interactive species identification. The quality of our natural language descriptions generated by DELTA are suitable to prepare a first-draft manuscript. In specific taxon descriptions, minor changes to wording and syntax are more easily accomplished with a word processor, but all taxon changes to format, syntax, and wording are best accomplished with DELTA. As the user becomes more familiar with DELTA, the descriptions become more refined and fewer changes are necessary. The highly sophisticated interactive identification (INTKEY) program is flexible and versatile with many options to meet the needs of wood anatomists engaged in wood identification.

MRN: Moment Relation Network for Natural Language Video Localization with Transfer Learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 2152009
Author(s):  
Siyu Jiang ◽  
Guobin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Description Language ◽  
Large Margin ◽  
Shared Space ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Temporal Segment

In this paper, we tackle the task of natural language video localization (NLVL): given an untrimmed video and a description language query, the goal is to localize the temporal segment within the video that best describes the natural language description. NLVL is challenging at the intersection of language and video understanding because a video may contain multiple segments of interests and the language may describe complicated temporal dependencies. Though existing approaches have achieved good performance, most of them did not fully consider the inherent differences between language and video modalities. Here, we propose Moment Relation Network (MRN) to reduce the divergence of the probability distribution of these two modalities. Specifically, MRN trains video and language subnets, and then uses transfer learning techniques to map the extracted features into an embedding-shared space where we calculate the similarity of two modalities using Mahalanobis distance metric, which is used to localize moments. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets show that the proposed MRN significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art under the widely used metrics by a large margin.

Introduction to the Science of Meaning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Ball ◽  
Brian Rabern
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Context Sensitivity ◽  
Dynamic Semantics ◽  
Formal Semantic ◽  
Natural Language Semantics ◽  
Truth Conditions ◽  
Compositional Model ◽  
Language Semantics ◽  
Theoretical Apparatus

This Introduction aims to acquaint the reader with some of the main views on the foundations of natural language semantics, to discuss the type of phenomena semanticists study, and to give some basic technical background in compositional model-theoretic semantics necessary to understand the chapters in this collection. Topics discussed include truth conditions, compositionality, context-sensitivity, dynamic semantics, the relation of formal semantic theories to the theoretical apparatus of reference and propositions current in much philosophy of language, what semantic theories aim to explain, realism, the metaphysics of language and different views of the relation between languages and speakers, and the epistemology of semantics.

scholarly journals Structural, Mineralogical, and Biochemical Diversity in the Lower Part of the Pearl Layer of Cultivated Seawater Pearls from Polynesia

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Cuif ◽  
Alexander D. Ball ◽  
Yannicke Dauphin ◽  
Bastien Farre ◽  
Julius Nouet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Pearl Sac ◽  
Early Developmental Stages ◽  
Pearl Formation ◽  
Compositional Patterns ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Bear Witness ◽  
Biochemical Diversity

AbstractA series of Polynesian pearls has been investigated with particular attention to the structural and compositional patterns of the early developmental stages of the pearl layer. These initial steps in pearl formation bear witness of the metabolic changes that have occurred during the pearl-sac formation. The resulting structurally and biochemically complex structures have been investigated using a variety of techniques that provide us with information concerning both mineral phases and the organic components. Results are discussed with respect to our understanding of the biomineralization mechanisms, as well as for the grafting process.

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