Hypermetricality and Synchronic Vowel Elision in
Hiatus Contexts in Eastern Old Japanese Poetry

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Kupchik
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Increase ◽  
Japanese Poetry ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
Eastern Old Japanese

This study examines hypermetricality and synchronic vowel elision in hiatus contexts in Eastern Old Japanese poetry, as attested in books 14 and 20 of the Man’yōshū poetry anthology. I argue that the typologically rare V2 elision is the default type of elision in Eastern Old Japanese. In contrast, V1 elision in Eastern Old Japanese is only attested in those cases where the vowel sequences [ia] or [ua] are found in hiatus. For that reason, I argue that the trigger for V1 elision is a maximal increase in sonority from V1 to V2.

Cet article traite des phénomènes d’hypermétricalité et d’élision synchronique des voyelles dans des contextes de hiatus dans la poésie en japonais ancien de l’Est, attestés notamment dans les livres 14 et 20 de l’anthologie poétique Man’yōshū. Il est montré que l’élision de V2, typologiquement rare, est le type d’élision par défaut en japonais ancien de l’Est. En revanche, l’élision de V1 en japonais ancien n’est attestée que dans les cas où les séquences vocaliques [ia] ou [ua] apparaissent dans des contextes de hiatus. Pour cette raison, il est montré que l’élision de V1 est due à une augmentation maximale du degré de sonorité de V1 à V2.

scholarly journals Morpheme-Based Rendaku as a Rhythmic Stabilizer in Eastern Old Japanese Poetry

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
John KUPCHIK
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Poetry ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
Eastern Old Japanese ◽  
Linguistic Constraints

This paper explores the functions of morpheme-based rendaku, or “sequential voicing”, in Eastern Old Japanese poetry, with a focus on its function of maintaining rhythmic stability in poetic verse. It is argued that this function is implemented to avoid a hypermetrical line when no adjacent vowels exist as candidates for synchronic elision. Furthermore, a comparison with synchronic vowel elision is conducted. Based on the results, it is argued that morpheme-based rendaku is preferred to synchronic vowel elision when both are available options for maintaining the rhythmic stability of a line. Linguistic constraints blocking morpheme-based rendaku are also discussed to explain hypermetrical examples with potential, yet unrealized, morpheme-based rendaku.

scholarly journals Foreword

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Andrej BEKEŠ
Keyword(s):  
Present Issue ◽  
Japanese Poetry ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
Hybrid Language ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Eastern Old Japanese ◽  
Expression Of Emotions ◽  
Asian Languages

With the present issue of ALA, we are starting the second year in its new incarnation. As the paper is striving to cover the Asian languages in their multiplicity and in the multiplicity of approaches, I am glad to say that this issue offers both, in line with Roman Jakobson’s famous paraphrase “Linguista sum, linguistici nihil a me alienum puto.”Among the six papers in this issue, two papers deal with Japanese, two with Iranian langages, and one each with the language of Ṛgveda and with Arabic. Also, approaches vary from historical phonetics/phonology (paper by John KUPCHIK on the role of rendaku in Eastern Old Japanese poetry) and historical syntax (Tamara DITRICH’s discussion of coordinative particles in Ṛgveda), to typological considerations spannig diachroinc and synchronic views (Yadgar KARIMI’s analysis of the evolution of ergative in Iranian languages). Syncronic approaches comprise pragmatics (Biook BEHNAM and Salam KHALILIAQDAM’s treatment of hedging devices in Kurdish and Robert Michael BIANCHI’s account of the new hybrid language of 3arabizi), and interdisciplinary interpretation of lexis in the light of crosscultural psychology (Márton SZEMEREY’s paper comparing Japanese and Hungarian linguistic resources for expression of emotions).

Japanese and the mainland dialects

2020 ◽  
pp. 163-195
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Shibatani
Keyword(s):  
Case Particles ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
Eastern Old Japanese ◽  
Salient Features ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
First Time

After a brief discussion on the relationships between modern mainland dialects with the two varieties of Old Japanese, Central Old Japanese and Eastern Old Japanese, the salient features of Standard Japanese are described from the new perspective of grammatical nominalizations. Then cross-dialectal studies are presented on selected topics, centering on case particles and the conclusive/adnominal verbal patterns. Also presented for the first time in English is a reasonably detailed description of the isolated dialect of Hachijō Island, which, like Ryūkyūan, retains many archaic features of Old Japanese.

The Eastern Old Japanese Corpus and Dictionary

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Vovin ◽  
Sambi Ishisaki-Vovin
Keyword(s):  
Old Japanese ◽  
Eastern Old Japanese

scholarly journals Proto-Japonic *e and *o in Eastern Old Japanese

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. v-158
Author(s):  
Thomas PELLARD ◽  
Thomas PELLARD
Keyword(s):  
Old Japanese ◽  
Eastern Old Japanese ◽  
High Vowels

In this article I examine the correspondences found between Western Old Japanese high vowels and Eastern Old Japanese midvowels in light of the recent hypotheses concerning the Proto-Japonic vowel system. Correspondences in both the morphology and the lexicon are established and then comparative evidence from several modem Japanese and Ryukyuan dialects is adduced to show that these are instances of retention of Proto-Japonic *e and *o.

The Effects of Vitamin K1 and Warfarin on Prothrombin Expression in Human Hepatoblastoma (HepG2) Cells

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (01) ◽  
pp. 040-047 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Scott Jamison ◽  
Bryan F Burkey ◽  
Sandra J Friezner Degen
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Secreted Protein ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
Maximal Increase ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Warfarin Treatment

SummaryCultures of human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cells were treated with vitamin K1 or warfarin and prothrombin antigen and mRNA levels were determined. With 3 and 6 h of 10 µg vitamin K1 treatment secreted prothrombin antigen levels, relative to total secreted protein levels, were increased 1.5-fold and 2.1-fold, respectively, over ethanol-treated control levels as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Dose-response analysis with 3 h of 25 µg/ml vitamin K1 treatment demonstrated a maximal increase of 2.0-fold in secreted prothrombin antigen levels, relative to total secreted protein levels, over ethanol-treated control levels. Pulse-chase analysis with 35S-methionine and immunoprecipitation of 35S-labelled prothrombin demonstrated that, with vitamin K1 treatment (25 µg/ml, 3 h), the rate of prothrombin secretion increased approximately 2-fold and the total amount (intra- and extracellular) of prothrombin synthesized increased approximately 50% over ethanol-treated control levels. Warfarin treatment (1, 5, or 10 µg/ml, 24 h) resulted in decreases in secreted prothrombin antigen levels, relative to total protein levels to approximately 85%, 87% or 81% of ethanol-treated control levels. Analysis of total RNA isolated from these cultures by Northern and solution hybridization techniques demonstrated that prothrombin mRNA was approximately 2.1 kb and that neither vitamin K1 nor warfarin treatment affected the quantity of prothrombin mRNA (ranging from 240–350 prothrombin mRNA molecules per cell). These results demonstrate that vitamin K1 and warfarin, in addition to effects on γ-carboxylation, affect prothrombin synthesis post-transcriptionally, perhaps influencing translation, post-translational processing and/or secretion mechanisms.

scholarly journals Neuroendocrine carcinoma arising in a wound of the postoperative maxillary sinus

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Takeshi Kusunoki ◽  
Katsuhisa Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Past History ◽  
Japanese Woman ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Maxillary Cyst ◽  
Left Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Eye Movement Disorders ◽  
Cheek Swelling

We report a case of a neuroendocrine carcinoma arising in a wound of the postoperative maxillary sinus that was difficult to distinguish from a postoperative maxillary cyst. The patient was a 65-year-old Japanese woman who complained of left exophthalmos with cheek swelling and eye movement disorders. In past history, she had, 40 years previously undergone operation on the bilateral maxillary sinus by Caldwell-Luc’s method. In a preoperative computed tomography, a mass occupied the left maxillary sinus showing irregular densities with destruction of the posterior bone walls and invasion into the left orbital. Both TI and T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed low intensities and unevenness in the mass. We performed a biopsy of the maxillary tumor according to Caldwell-Luc’s method. Histological examination diagnosed neuroendocrine carcinoma. Radiation therapy (total 66Gy) resulted in partial response for this tumor. However, sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma has been identified as highly aggressive, with a high probability of recurrence and metastasis.

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