Description of Cryptaphelenchus recticaudatus n. sp. (Aphelenchoidea: Ektaphelenchinae) in Pinus elliottii from the USA

Summary Cryptaphelenchus paravaricaudatus n. sp., from declining Pinus massoniana in China, is described and illustrated. The new species is characterised by the 233-308 μm long females with distinctly annulated cuticle, lateral fields with four lines, lip region separated from the body by a shallow depression, delicate stylet with small knobs, post-vulval uterine sac short and rectum and anus invisible. Males are 204-259 μm long, with spicules 8.5-12.0 μm long, condylus well developed and broad, caudal papillae arranged as a single (P1) and a pair of precloacal papillae (P2) plus two pairs of postcloacal papillae (P3 and P4). Based upon the general morphology of the female, the new species most closely resembles C. varicaudatus. The morphological differences with the aforementioned species and other species having similar morphology are discussed. The phylogenetic analyses based on small (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) D2-D3 expansion segments of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of different individuals of the new species revealed that it fell into the clade of Cryptaphelenchus in both SSU and LSU trees. The monophyly of the genus was retained.

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Morphology, genetic characterization and molecular phylogeny of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum n. sp. (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae) from the endangered Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-020-04430-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yi-Fan Cao ◽

Hui-Xia Chen ◽

Yang Li ◽

Dang-Wei Zhou ◽

Shi-Long Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Sister Relationship ◽

Tibetan Antelope ◽

A New Species

Abstract Background The Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) is an endangered species of mammal endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Parasites and parasitic diseases are considered to be important threats in the conservation of the Tibetan antelope. However, our present knowledge of the composition of the parasites of the Tibetan antelope remains limited. Methods Large numbers of nematode parasites were collected from a dead Tibetan antelope. The morphology of these nematode specimens was observed using light and scanning electron microscopy. The nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences, i.e. small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S), large subunit ribosomal DNA (28S), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), were amplified and sequenced for molecular identification. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum likelihood (ML) inference based on 28S and 18S + 28S + cox1 sequence data, respectively, in order to clarify the systematic status of these nematodes. Results Integrated morphological and genetic evidence reveals these nematode specimens to be a new species of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae). There was no intraspecific nucleotide variation between different individuals of S. longicaudatum n. sp. in the partial 18S, 28S, ITS and cox1 sequences. However, a high level of nucleotide divergence was revealed between the new species and its congeners in 28S (8.36%) and ITS (20.3–23.7%) regions, respectively. Molecular phylogenetic results suggest that the genus Skrjabinema should belong to the subfamily Oxyurinae (Oxyuroidea: Oxyuridae), instead of the subfamily Syphaciidae or Skrjabinemiinae in the traditional classification, as it formed a sister relationship to the genus Oxyuris. Conclusions A new species of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum n. sp. (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae) is described. Skrjabinema longicaudatum n. sp. represents the first species of Oxyurida (pinworm) and the fourth nematode species reported from the Tibetan antelope. Our results contribute to the knowledge of the species diversity of parasites from the Tibetan antelope, and clarify the systematic position of the genus Skrjabinema.

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Ektaphelenchoides shiroodensis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Ektaphelenchinae) a new member of the genus

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003318 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 493-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Farzad Aliramaji ◽

Ebrahim Pourjam ◽

Majid Pedram

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

The Body ◽

Body Region ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

Similar Species ◽

Mazandaran Province ◽

Lateral Field ◽

Posterior Body Region

Summary Ektaphelenchoides shiroodensis n. sp. is described and illustrated based upon morphological, morphometric and molecular data. It was recovered from the bark samples of a dead alder tree (Alnus sp.) from countryside around Shirood city, Mazandaran province, in the north of Iran. The new species is characterised by 768-985 μm long females, its lip region separated from the body contour by constriction, lateral field with three barely visible lines, forming two weak bands, 26-29 μm long stylet with wide lumen without conophore and basal swellings, excretory pore always at the level with median bulb, post-vulval uterine sac (PUS) 43-76 μm long, elongate conoid posterior body region ending to a long filiform part with pointed tip, males common with dorsally convex conical tail ending to a short narrower region with pointed tip, seven precloacal + cloacal + caudal papillae and arcuate spicules with wide condylus, blunt rostrum and simple end. Based upon the similar posterior body region (‘tail’) and comparable PUS length, the new species was compared to three known species, viz., E. attenuata, E. hunti and E. pini. Comparisons with the aforementioned species and similar species under the genus Seinura are discussed. The phylogenetic affinities of the new species, based upon two partial small and large subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU and LSU rDNA D2-D3) sequences, are discussed. Furthermore, several ektaphelenchid and seinurid species previously described from Iran were recovered in the present study, sequenced for their aforementioned genomic markers, and included in the phylogenetic analyses.

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Morphology, genetic characterization and molecular phylogeny of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum sp. n. (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae) from the endangered Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-68446/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yi-Fan Cao ◽

Hui-Xia Chen ◽

Yang Li ◽

Dang-Wei Zhou ◽

Shi-Long Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Sister Relationship ◽

Tibetan Antelope ◽

A New Species

Abstract Background: The Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) is an endangered species of mammal endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Parasites and parasitic diseases are considered to be important threats in the conservation of the Tibetan antelope. However, our present knowledge of the composition of the parasites from the Tibetan antelope remains limited. Methods: Large numbers of nematode parasites were collected from a dead Tibetan antelope. The morphology of these nematode specimens was observed using light and scanning electron microscopy. The nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences [i.e. small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S), large subunit ribosomal DNA (28S), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1)] were amplified and sequenced for molecular identification. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum likelihood (ML) inference based on 28S and 18S + 28S + cox1 sequence data, respectively, in order to clarify the systematic status of these nematodes.Results: Integrated morphological and genetic evidence reveals these nematode specimens to be a new species of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae). There was no intraspecific nucleotide variation between different individuals of S. longicaudatum sp. n. in the partial 18S, 28S, ITS and cox1 sequences. However, a high level of nucleotide divergence was revealed between the new species and its congeners in 28S (8.36%) and ITS (20.3–23.7%) regions, respectively. Molecular phylogenetic results suggest that the genus Skrjabinema should belong to the subfamily Oxyurinae (Oxyuroidea: Oxyuridae), instead of the subfamily Syphaciidae or Skrjabinemiinae in the traditional classification, as it formed a sister relationship to the genus Oxyuris. Conclusions: A new species of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum sp. n. (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae) is described. Skrjabinema longicaudatum sp. n. represents the first species of Oxyurida (pinworm) and the fourth nematode species reported from the Tibetan antelope. Our results contribute to the knowledge of the species diversity of parasites from the Tibetan antelope, and clarify the systematic position of the genus Skrjabinema.

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First record of the genus Sakia Khan, 1964 (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) from Iran, with proposal of Sakia arboris n. sp.

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003150 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 449-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yousef Panahandeh ◽

Ebrahim Pourjam ◽

Ali Roshan-Bakhsh ◽

Majid Pedram

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Ribosomal Dna ◽

18S Rdna ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

First Record ◽

Small Subunit ◽

28S Rdna ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Body Contour

Summary The genus Sakia is recorded from Iran for the first time and Sakia arboris n. sp., recovered from two geographical points in northern Iran, is described. The new species is characterised by its smooth cuticle under light microscopy (LM), absence of lateral fields, head continuous with body contour, flattened lip region, 9.3 (9.0-10.0) μm long stylet, vulva at 60.2 (59.3-61.3)%, bilobed spermatheca, 117 (102-128) μm long tail, and 14.3 (14-15) μm long spicules. By lacking lateral fields, the new species comes close to three known species of the genus, namely: S. alii, S. castori and S. indica. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using sequences of the near full-length fragment of the small subunit of ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) and the D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit ribosomal DNA (28S rDNA) were performed using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. In the reconstructed Bayesian tree using the 18S rDNA sequence of the type population, the new species occupied a position in a clade including two isolates of Sakia sp. and some species of Lelenchus, with maximal BPP and high ML BS values (1.00/99%). In the reconstructed 28S rDNA phylogenetic tree, two newly sequenced isolates of S. arboris n. sp. formed a well-supported clade with Lelenchus spp.

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Morphological and molecular data of two species of the rare genera Thada Thorne, 1941 and Tenunemellus Siddiqi, 1986 (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) from Iran

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x20000279 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 94 ◽

Author(s):

M. Hosseinvand ◽

A. Eskandari ◽

R. Ghaderi ◽

A. Karegar

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Populus Euphratica ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Phylogenetic Studies ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Morphological Differences ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data

Abstract Thada populus n. sp. was found in the rhizosphere of Populus euphratica in the city of Dezful, south-western Iran. The new species is characterized by its 365–453 μm body length, cuticle with transverse annuli 0.9–1.2 μm wide, lateral fields with four lines, lip region low with one or two annuli, 7.0–8.5 μm wide at base, longitudinal or slightly sigmoid amphidial slit, delicate stylet 8.4–9.8 μm long with posteriorly directed knobs, dorsal pharyngeal gland opening at 1.0–1.5 μm posterior to the stylet knobs, non-muscular and valve-less median bulb, pyriform and offset basal bulb, almost oval spermatheca, posterior position of vulva (V = 75–79%) without lateral membrane, short post-vulval uterine sac and conical tail with finely to broadly rounded terminus. Morphological differences of the new species with those of the type species, Thada striata, are discussed. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the new species using partial sequences of small subunit ribosomal DNA revealed that the new species formed a clade with Malenchus spp., Filenchus facultativus, F. fungivorus and Filenchus sp. in Bayesian inference. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies were also performed on Tenunemellus indicus, the second recovered species, the latter analysis using partial sequences of large subunit ribosomal DNA. In the inferred Bayesian tree, T. indicus formed a clade with Labrys fuzhouensis, Lelenchus leptosoma from the Netherlands, Malenchus spp. and Filenchus discrepans.

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Morphology, genetic characterization and molecular phylogeny of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum sp. n. (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae) from the endangered Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-68446/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yi-Fan Cao ◽

Hui-Xia Chen ◽

Yang Li ◽

Dang-Wei Zhou ◽

Shi-Long Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Sister Relationship ◽

Tibetan Antelope ◽

A New Species

Abstract Background: The Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) is an endangered species of mammal endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Parasites and parasitic diseases are considered to be important threats in the conservation of the Tibetan antelope. However, our present knowledge of the composition of the parasites from the Tibetan antelope remains limited. Methods: Large numbers of nematode parasites were collected from a dead Tibetan antelope. The morphology of these nematode specimens was observed using light and scanning electron microscopy. The nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences [i.e. small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S), large subunit ribosomal DNA (28S), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1)] were amplified and sequenced for molecular identification. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum likelihood (ML) inference based on 28S and 18S + 28S + cox1 sequence data, respectively, in order to clarify the systematic status of these nematodes.Results: Integrated morphological and genetic evidence reveals these nematode specimens to be a new species of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae). There was no intraspecific nucleotide variation between different individuals of S. longicaudatum sp. n. in the partial 18S, 28S, ITS and cox1 sequences. However, a high level of nucleotide divergence was revealed between the new species and its congeners in 28S (8.36%) and ITS (20.3–23.7%) regions, respectively. Molecular phylogenetic results suggest that the genus Skrjabinema should belong to the subfamily Oxyurinae (Oxyuroidea: Oxyuridae), instead of the subfamily Syphaciidae or Skrjabinemiinae in the traditional classification, as it formed a sister relationship to the genus Oxyuris. Conclusions: A new species of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum sp. n. (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae) is described. Skrjabinema longicaudatum sp. n. represents the first species of Oxyurida (pinworm) and the fourth nematode species reported from the Tibetan antelope. Our results contribute to the knowledge of the species diversity of parasites from the Tibetan antelope, and clarify the systematic position of the genus Skrjabinema.

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A molecular phylogenetic reappraisal of Richtersiidae Kreis, 1929 (Desmodorida: Desmodoroidea), with two new species of intertidal nematodes from the Persian Gulf

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-bja10010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 1045-1060 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Azadeh Gharahkhani ◽

Ebrahim Pourjam ◽

Daniel Leduc ◽

Majid Pedram

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Persian Gulf ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Cervical Region ◽

Body Region ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

Tail Region ◽

The Persian Gulf

Summary Synonchium iranicum sp. n. and Richtersia bispinata sp. n. are described from the Persian Gulf and their relationships investigated using SSU phylogenetic analyses. Synonchium iranicum sp. n. is characterised by a buccal cavity with three equally sized mandibles, each with five small teeth, a rounded tail with three distinct caudal glands and distinct duct, males without gubernaculum and supplements, and short spicules. Richtersia bispinata sp. n. is characterised by multispiral amphids with 3.0-3.5 turns in males and 2.0-2.5 turns in females, cuticle with numerous, irregularly arranged, simple spines in the cervical region, 20-25 longitudinal rows of double spines in the mid-body region, 15-25 longitudinal rows of simple spines in the tail region, and the left spicule markedly longer than the right one. We provided the first near-full-length small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences for both newly described species, as well as cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), and provided D2-D3 expansion segments of large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) sequence for the new species of Richtersia. Our SSU phylogenetic analyses confirmed the placement of Synonchium iranicum sp. n. within the Selachinematidae, and suggested that the selachinematids may form a distinct clade from other chromadorids Our phylogenetic analyses indicated that Richtersia should not be classified within the Selachinematidae as suggested by some authors. Instead, we propose that Richtersia should be placed within the Desmodorida. Although Richtersia differs from Desmodorida in the arrangement of cephalic sensilla, it shares the golden body colouration characteristic of desmodorids in glycerin preparations, the same structure of genital branches in both males and females, and similar cuticular ornamentation to some desmodorid genera (notably Desmodorella).

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Morphology, genetic characterization and molecular phylogeny of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum sp. n. (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae) from the endangered Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-68446/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yi-Fan Cao ◽

Hui-Xia Chen ◽

Yang Li ◽

Dang-Wei Zhou ◽

Shi-Long Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Sister Relationship ◽

Tibetan Antelope ◽

A New Species

Abstract Background: The Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) is an endangered species of mammal endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Parasites and parasitic diseases are considered to be important threats in the conservation of the Tibetan antelope. However, our present knowledge of the composition of the parasites of the Tibetan antelope remains limited. Methods: Large numbers of nematode parasites were collected from a dead Tibetan antelope. The morphology of these nematode specimens was observed using light and scanning electron microscopy. The nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences, i.e. small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S), large subunit ribosomal DNA (28S), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), were amplified and sequenced for molecular identification. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum likelihood (ML) inference based on 28S and 18S + 28S + cox1 sequence data, respectively, in order to clarify the systematic status of these nematodes.Results: Integrated morphological and genetic evidence reveals these nematode specimens to be a new species of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae). There was no intraspecific nucleotide variation between different individuals of S. longicaudatum n. sp. in the partial 18S, 28S, ITS and cox1 sequences. However, a high level of nucleotide divergence was revealed between the new species and its congeners in 28S (8.36%) and ITS (20.3–23.7%) regions, respectively. Molecular phylogenetic results suggest that the genus Skrjabinema should belong to the subfamily Oxyurinae (Oxyuroidea: Oxyuridae), instead of the subfamily Syphaciidae or Skrjabinemiinae in the traditional classification, as it formed a sister relationship to the genus Oxyuris. Conclusions: A new species of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum n. sp. (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae) is described. Skrjabinema longicaudatum n. sp. represents the first species of Oxyurida (pinworm) and the fourth nematode species reported from the Tibetan antelope. Our results contribute to the knowledge of the species diversity of parasites from the Tibetan antelope, and clarify the systematic position of the genus Skrjabinema.

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Ottolenchus sinipersici n. sp. (Rhabditida: Tylenchidae) from the Persian Gulf mangrove forests, Iran

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-bja10127 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Manouchehr Hosseinvand ◽

Ali Eskandari ◽

Joaquín Abolafia ◽

Akbar Karegar ◽

Reza Ghaderi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Small Subunit ◽

The Body ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Body Contour ◽

Lateral Field

Summary A new species of Tylenchidae from the rhizosphere of mangrove trees in Hormozgan and Khuzestan provinces, Iran, is described based on morphological and molecular data. Ottolenchus sinipersici n. sp., is characterised by a slightly fusiform body 560-665 μm long, lateral field in the form of a narrow band with two faint incisures that are not visible in fatter females, indistinct transverse annuli under the light microscope, cephalic region continuous with the body contour, smooth and flattened dorsoventrally, longitudinal and narrow sigmoid amphidial slits, stylet delicate, 10.1-11.2 μm long, with small rounded to slightly posteriorly sloping knobs, well-developed median bulb, offset and pyriform pharyngeal basal bulb, vulva located at 66.9-69.6% of body length, offset spermatheca, short post-vulval uterine sac, spicules 18.5-20.5 μm long with highly curved blades, and a 113-135 μm long filiform tail with a hook-like or coiled terminus. In Bayesian inference phylogenetic trees based on the partial small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) and D2-D3 expansion segment of large subunit ribosomal DNA (D2-D3 LSU rDNA) genes, the new species clustered together with O. facultativus (KJ869310) in SSU, and forms a clade with three isolates of O. discrepans in LSU phylogeny. Ottolenchus fungivorus n. comb. (= Filenchus fungivorus) is proposed.

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