Gymnastics Movement Signs Based on Network Communication and Body Contour Feature Extraction

With the rapid development of computer vision technology, human action recognition technology has occupied an important position in this field. The basic human action recognition system is mainly composed of three parts: moving target detection, feature extraction, and human action recognition. In order to understand the action signs of gymnastics, this article uses network communication and contour feature extraction to extract different morphological features during gymnastics. Then, the finite difference algorithm of edge curvature is used to classify different gymnastic actions and analyze and discuss the Gaussian background. A modular method, an improved hybrid Gaussian modeling method, is proposed, which adaptively selects the number of Gaussian distributions. The research results show that, compared with traditional contour extraction, the resolution of gymnastic motion features extracted through network communication and body contour features is clearer, and the increase rate is more than 30%. Moreover, the method proposed in this paper removes noise in the image extraction process, the effect is good, and the athlete’s action marks are very clear, which can achieve the research goal.

New free-living nematode species and records (Chromadorea: Plectida and Desmodorida) from the edge and axis of Kermadec Trench, Southwest Pacific Ocean

One new nematode species is described and two new species records are provided from the edge (6,080 m depth) and axis (7,132 m) of Kermadec Trench, Southwest Pacific. Leptolaimus hadalis sp. nov. is characterised by medium body 587–741 μm long, labial region not offset from body contour, inconspicuous labial sensilla, amphid located 12–19 μm from anterior end, female without supplements, male with four tubular precloacal supplements (alveolar supplements absent), tubular supplements almost straight with dentate tip, arcuate spicules and weakly cuticularized dorsal gubernacular apophyses strongly bent distally. In a previously published ecological survey of Kermadec Trench, L. hadalis sp. nov. was the most abundant species in a core obtained at 8,079 m water depth and third most abundant species in a core obtained at 7,132 m, while only one individual was found at 6,096 m depth, and none at 9,175 m depth (Leduc & Rowden, 2018). Alaimella aff. cincta and Desmodora aff. pilosa are recorded for the first time from the Southwest Pacific region. Prior to the present study, Alaimella had only been recorded from coastal locations and from the Weddell sea to a depth of 2,000 m. The record of Desmodora aff. pilosa at 6,080 m depth is the deepest record of a Desmodora species to date, although unidentified Desmodora specimens have been found as deep as 6,300 m in the South Sandwich Trench. The morphology of the Kermadec Trench Alaimella aff. cincta and Desmodora aff. pilosa specimens bear a strong resemblance to their respective type populations from the Northern Hemisphere, but further morphological and molecular data are required to ascertain whether they in fact represent distinct species.

Ottolenchus sinipersici n. sp. (Rhabditida: Tylenchidae) from the Persian Gulf mangrove forests, Iran

Summary A new species of Tylenchidae from the rhizosphere of mangrove trees in Hormozgan and Khuzestan provinces, Iran, is described based on morphological and molecular data. Ottolenchus sinipersici n. sp., is characterised by a slightly fusiform body 560-665 μm long, lateral field in the form of a narrow band with two faint incisures that are not visible in fatter females, indistinct transverse annuli under the light microscope, cephalic region continuous with the body contour, smooth and flattened dorsoventrally, longitudinal and narrow sigmoid amphidial slits, stylet delicate, 10.1-11.2 μm long, with small rounded to slightly posteriorly sloping knobs, well-developed median bulb, offset and pyriform pharyngeal basal bulb, vulva located at 66.9-69.6% of body length, offset spermatheca, short post-vulval uterine sac, spicules 18.5-20.5 μm long with highly curved blades, and a 113-135 μm long filiform tail with a hook-like or coiled terminus. In Bayesian inference phylogenetic trees based on the partial small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) and D2-D3 expansion segment of large subunit ribosomal DNA (D2-D3 LSU rDNA) genes, the new species clustered together with O. facultativus (KJ869310) in SSU, and forms a clade with three isolates of O. discrepans in LSU phylogeny. Ottolenchus fungivorus n. comb. (= Filenchus fungivorus) is proposed.

Data-driven gated PET/CT: implications for lesion segmentation and quantitation

Background Data-driven gating (DDG) can improve PET quantitation and alleviate many issues with patient motion. However, misregistration between DDG-PET and CT may occur due to the distinct temporal resolutions of PET and CT and can be mitigated by DDG-CT. Here, the effects of misregistration and respiratory motion on PET quantitation and lesion segmentation were assessed with a new DDG-PET/CT method. Methods A low-dose cine-CT was acquired in misregistered regions to enable both average CT (ACT) and DDG-CT. The following were compared: (1) baseline PET/CT, (2) PET/ACT (attenuation correction, AC = ACT), (3) DDG-PET (AC = helical CT), and (4) DDG-PET/CT (AC = DDG-CT). For DDG-PET, end-expiration (EE) data were derived from 50% of the total PET data at 30% from end-inspiration. For DDG-CT, EE phase CT data were extracted from cine-CT data by lung Hounsfield unit (HU) value and body contour. A total of 91 lesions from 16 consecutive patients were assessed for changes in standard uptake value (SUV), lesion glycolysis (LG), lesion volume, centroid-to-centroid distance (CCD), and DICE coefficients. Results Relative to baseline PET/CT, median changes in SUVmax ± σ for all 91 lesions were 20 ± 43%, 26 ± 23%, and 66 ± 66%, respectively, for PET/ACT, DDG-PET, and DDG-PET/CT. Median changes in lesion volume were 0 ± 58%, − 36 ± 26%, and − 26 ± 40%. LG for individual lesions increased for PET/ACT and decreased for DDG-PET, but was not different for DDG-PET/CT. Changes in mean HU from baseline PET/CT were dramatic for most lesions in both PET/ACT and DDG-PET/CT, especially for lesions with mean HU < 0 at baseline. CCD and DICE were both affected more by motion correction with DDG-PET than improved registration with ACT or DDG-CT. Conclusion As misregistration becomes more prominent, the impact of motion correction with DDG-PET is diminished. The potential benefits of DDG-PET toward accurate lesion segmentation and quantitation could only be fully realized when combined with DDG-CT. These results impress upon the necessity of ensuring both misregistration and motion correction are accounted for together to optimize the clinical utility of PET/CT.

Determining the nominal body contour image using wideband millimeter-wave radar for characterizing person-worn threats

Precise characterization of concealed person-worn objects will speed up the passenger screening process by reducing the rate of nuisance alarms, while also enhancing the airport security imaging systems. This paper presents an automatic, real-time method for wideband millimeter-wave radar identification of the nominal surface contours of the human body – even with affixed foreign objects or when a segment of the body cross-section is not captured by the radar – without relying on the body's bilateral symmetry. The developed method is verified experimentally when applied to the actual images generated by a laboratory airport scanning prototype developed recently by the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Our method uses the noisy collection of radar cross-section reflectivity data to extract the main contours and estimates the nominal body surface cross-sections through fitting a small-term Fourier series of circumferential variation. This is a necessary step for accurate characterizing of concealed terrorist threat objects affixed to the body.

Influence of breathing state on the accuracy of automated patient positioning in thoracic CT using a 3D camera for body contour detection

Objective To assess the influence of breathing state on the accuracy of a 3D camera for body contour detection and patient positioning in thoracic CT. Materials and methods Patients who underwent CT of the thorax with both an inspiratory and expiratory scan were prospectively included for analysis of differences in the ideal table height at different breathing states. For a subgroup, an ideal table height suggestion based on 3D camera images at both breathing states was available to assess their influence on patient positioning accuracy. Ideal patient positioning was defined as the table height at which the scanner isocenter coincides with the patient’s isocenter. Results The mean (SD) difference of the ideal table height between the inspiratory and the expiratory breathing state among the 64 included patients was 10.6 mm (4.5) (p < 0.05). The mean (SD) positioning accuracy, i.e., absolute deviation from the ideal table height, within the subgroup (n = 43) was 4.6 mm (7.0) for inspiratory scans and 7.1 mm (7.7) for expiratory scans (p < 0.05) when using corresponding 3D camera images. The mean (SD) accuracy was 14.7 mm (7.4) (p < 0.05) when using inspiratory camera images on expiratory scans; vice versa, the accuracy was 3.1 mm (9.5) (p < 0.05). Conclusion A 3D camera allows for accurate and precise patient positioning if the camera image and the subsequent CT scan are acquired in the same breathing state. It is recommended to perform an expiratory planning image when acquiring a thoracic CT scan in both the inspiratory and expiratory breathing state. Key Points • A 3D camera for body contour detection allows for accurate and precise patient positioning if the camera image and the subsequent CT scan are acquired in the same breathing state. • It is recommended to perform an expiratory planning image when acquiring a thoracic CT scan in both the inspiratory and expiratory breathing state.

Identification of a unique barb from the dorsal body contour feathers of the Indian Pitta Pitta brachyura (Aves: Passeriformes: Pittidae)

Earlier research on feather morphology emphasized comprehensively on the body contour feather than various other types of feathers. Therefore, we conducted a systematic study on all feather types of the Indian Pitta Pitta brachyura, a passerine bird native to the Indian subcontinent. Feather barbs from wing contour, tail contour, body contour, semiplume, down, powder down, and bristle feathers were retrieved from the bird and observed under a light microscope. Primary flight feathers from the right and left wing were longest (85.17 mm and 87.32 mm, respectively), whereas bristle feathers were the shortest (5.31 mm). The mean barb length was observed to be the highest (11.37±0.47 mm) in the wing feather followed by body contour (8.31±0.39 mm), semiplume (8.27±0.22 mm), tail feather (7.85±0.50 mm), down (6.45±0.21 mm), powder down (6.04±0.23 mm), and bristle (2.70±0.07 mm). Pearson correlation was found positive for barb length and feather length of down feathers (r= 0.996, p ≤0.05). We observed a novel type of barb the first time from dorsal body contour feather having plumulaceous barbules at the base followed by pennaceous barbules. This unique barbule arrangement is termed ‘sub-plumulaceous’ as it is distinct and analogous to known ‘sub-pennaceous’ type arrangement found absent in passerines.

Design of sports-abaya and its thermal comfort evaluation

The market for sports-abaya in Saudi Arabia is growing due to an increasing participation rate of Islamic women in fitness and sports activities. As mandated by religious law, an abaya must be worn over daily clothes or sportswear by women in order to hide their body contour. The additional layer of the abaya will affect thermal comfort and performance of the wearer. Hence, a sports-abaya needs to be specifically designed to facilitate thermal comfort. This necessitates the selection and evaluation of fabrics appropriate for use in the production of sports-abaya. This study compared two fabrics (100% cotton knit and 100% polyester woven) for their air permeability, thermal resistance and evaporative resistance. The fabrics were then incorporated as sole variable into two models of sports-abaya. The thermal properties of these abayas were evaluated using a female thermal manikin in both standing and walking positions. Comparison was made with the results of a traditional abaya. The research work revealed that polyester woven fabric has a higher air permeability (44.9 mL/cm2/s) than cotton knitted fabric (24.1 mL/cm2/s). The vapor resistance of polyester fabric was lower than cotton fabric and their thermal resistant did not show any significant difference. Consequently, thermal manikin evaluation showed results favoring sports-abaya containing polyester fabric in both standing and walking positions. Furthermore, the thermal resistant and vapor resistant values of sports-abayas were lower compared with those of the traditional abaya. This leads to the conclusion that the newly designed sports-abaya containing 100% polyester woven fabric provides better thermal comfort than traditional abaya and sports-abaya containing 100% cotton fabric.

SCALP RECONSTRUCTION: EXPERIENCE OF 50 PATIENTS AT TERTIARY LEVEL CENTRE IN INDIA

NTRODUCTION Scalp possesses unique anatomical & aesthetic features and occupies the most prominent part of the body. Scalp defects are neither easy to look at or to reconstruct. The factors influencing decision making in the repair of scalp defects are their size, depth and location. Various reconstructive options include primary closure, skin grafts, trephination, local tissue aps with or without tissue expansion, regional myocutaneous ap and microvascular free ap. A successful reconstruction surgery must result in less morbidity, good aesthetic appearance, decreased hospitalization time, preserving the hairline without violating the body contour. METHODS Study was conducted in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, SMS Hospital, Jaipur, India. A sample size of 50 patients From September 2019 to march 2021, requiring scalp reconstruction procedures was taken. All the details of the patient that were relevant to the study were collected during the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative periods and during follow which was later analyzed. RESULTS The most common cause of scalp defect was excision of malignant tumour (40%). Surgical reconstruction using rotational and transposition ap was done in 37 patients (74%).In 5 cases (10%) reconstruction done using free ap. The recovery was relatively quick in all cases. In 2 cases (4%) partial ap necrosis occur which was managed conservatively. CONCLUSION An aesthetically pleasing scalp reconstruction requires a precise preoperative planning with detailed knowledge of scalp anatomy and blood supply. The wide armamentarium of techniques for reconstruction allows the plastic surgeon to give a much pleasing nal result and his creativity on the table added to all these elements together can give a satisfactory result for the patient.

Identification of a unique barb from the dorsal body contour feathers of the Indian Pitta Pitta brachyura (Aves: Passeriformes: Pittidae)

Earlier research on feather morphology emphasized comprehensively on the body contour feather than various other types of feathers. Therefore, we conducted a systematic study on all feather types of the Indian Pitta Pitta brachyura, a passerine bird native to the Indian subcontinent. Feather barbs from wing contour, tail contour, body contour, semiplume, down, powder down, and bristle feathers were retrieved from the bird and observed under a light microscope. Primary flight feathers from the right and left wing were longest (85.17 mm and 87.32 mm, respectively), whereas bristle feathers were the shortest (5.31 mm). The mean barb length was observed to be the highest (11.37±0.47 mm) in the wing feather followed by body contour (8.31±0.39 mm), semiplume (8.27±0.22 mm), tail feather (7.85±0.50 mm), down (6.45±0.21 mm), powder down (6.04±0.23 mm), and bristle (2.70±0.07 mm). Pearson correlation was found positive for barb length and feather length of down feathers (r= 0.996, p ≤0.05). We observed a novel type of barb the first time from dorsal body contour feather having plumulaceous barbules at the base followed by pennaceous barbules. This unique barbule arrangement is termed ‘sub-plumulaceous’ as it is distinct and analogous to known ‘sub-pennaceous’ type arrangement found absent in passerines.