Bolivia: The Construction of an Alternative Science and Technology Policy

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán Sánchez Daza ◽  
Fernando Julio Piñero
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Science And Technology Policy ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Science And Technology Policies ◽  
Technology Policies ◽  
Innovation Policies ◽  
Scientific Technology

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze recent changes in Bolivia’s science and technology policy and contextualize them in the surrounding region. It is recognized that since the 1980s, Latin America initiated a series of changes in its science and technology policies driven by the needs of the economic accumulation regime prevalent and based on new theories of innovation. Policies placed their emphasis on the application of scientific technology in order to boost national competitiveness. During the 1990s, a closer link was established between the neoliberal regime of accumulation, science and technology policies, and the concept of innovation. The outcry from various social movements subsequently demanded a refocus of these policies towards a more regional and social orientation. The emergence of governments more critical of neoliberalism resulted in the need to rethink science and technology policies as shown by the experience of Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador. The transitional case of Bolivia is examined here so as to contribute to the larger discussion concerning Latin America’s science and technology policies.

The exploration of information extraction and analysis about science and technology policy in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zeng ◽  
Changqing Yao ◽  
Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Retrieval System ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Science And Technology Policy ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese Science ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Science And Technology Policies ◽  
Technology Policies

Purpose Science and technology policy plays an important role in promoting the development of economic and social development in China. At present, the research on science and technology policy is mainly focused on the basic theories and some quantitative research. The analyses for contents of massive science and technology policies are relatively less. This paper makes use of semantic technologies to extract and analyze the relatively important information from massive science and technology policies. The purpose of this paper is to facilitate users to quickly and effectively obtain valuable information from the massive science and technology policies. The key methods and study results are presented in the paper. The study results can provide references for further study and application in China. Design/methodology/approach The paper presented the analysis model and method for science and technology policy in China. The terms and sentences are the important information in the science and technology policy. The study adopted the technology of natural language processing to analyze the linguistics characteristics of terms and combined with statistical analyses to extract the terms from Chinese science and technology policy. Then, the authors designed an algorithm, calculated and analyzed the important sentences in Chinese science and technology policies. The experiments were run on the Java test platform. Findings This paper put forward the analysis model and method for science and technology policy in China. The study obtained the following conclusions: term extraction of science and technology policy: the paper analyzed characteristic of terms in Chinese science and technology policy and designed a method of extracting a term that was suitable for the science and technology policy. The calculation of important sentences for science and technology policy: the paper designed an algorithm and calculated the importance of the sentences to obtain valuable information from the massive science and technology policies. Research limitations/implications In our methods, there are some defects to be improved or solved in the future. For example, the precision of algorithm needs to be improved. The significance of this paper is to propose and use the analysis model to process Chinese science and technology policy; we can provide an auxiliary tool to help policy beneficiaries. Enterprises and individuals can be more effective to extraction and mining information from massive science and technology policy and find the target policy. Practical implications To verify the effectiveness of the method, the paper selected the real policies about the new energy vehicles as experimental data; at the same time, the paper added uncorrelated policies. It used the proposed analysis model of science and technology policy to calculate and find out the relatively important sentences. The results of study showed that the proposed method can obtain better performance. It verified the validity of this method. The model and method have been applied to actual retrieval system. Social implications The proposed model and method in the paper have been applied to actual retrieval system for users. Originality/value The paper proposed the new analysis model and method to analyze science and technology policies in China. The presented model and method are a new attempt. According to the experimental results, this exploration and study are valuable. In addition, the idea and method will give a good start for improving information services of massive science and technology policies in China.

On how to Improve China's New Energy Industry Development: From the Science and Technology Policy Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 1008-1009 ◽  
pp. 1421-1424
Author(s):  
Jian Ya Gu ◽  
Di Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Technology Policy ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Technology Research ◽  
Industry Chain ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Science And Technology Policies ◽  
Technology Policies

China's new energy industry has entered a stage of rapid development, but the industrial scale still faces some problems. Technical weakness in particular led to lower science and technology and market competitive power. To ensure sustainable development of China's new energy industry, it is urgent to improve science and technology policies. Through industry chain innovation, establishment of Generic technology research and development mechanism, as well as strengthening of intellectual property tools, we can enhance policy support and protection of the new energy and industrial technology innovation.

scholarly journals How to organize science and technology information in Latin America?

2016 ◽  
pp. 131-132
Author(s):  
Mauricio Palacios Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Knowledge Networks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
Science And Technology Policies ◽  
Technology Policies

To better guide science and technology policies, it is required high quality and updated information on organizations, researchers, projects and products. The growth of the Internet use in research has provided more information on these aspects; however, the volume of data made more difficult the methods for processing and organizing them in a way useful to understand and make informed decisions. Problems such as duplication of information, difficulties in monitoring processes (authors and projects with products), and the lack of identification of thematic research and knowledge networks have increased in the last twenty years. In all this, the most important factor hindering the organization of data has been the need to identify each component.

scholarly journals Technology Policy Recommendations Using Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feras A. Batarseh ◽  
Ashita Anuga ◽  
Minh Nguyen ◽  
Dominick Perini ◽  
Andrei Svetovidov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
State Level ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Science And Technology Policies ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Technology Policies

Conventionally, the approach to policy making includesweighing the costs and benefits (i.e., tradeoffs) of certainchoices to calculate expected outcomes. However, quantifyingchoices is not always straightforward without understandingmany factors such as time, causal effects, and associations- making it difficult to label policy as either afailure or a success. Accordingly, our work proposes utilizingArtificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms to assess the impactof policy (state-level science and technology policies asan example). Our approach allows for an efficient policygenerating process, providing policymakers with insightsbased on previous legislation and historical data for their respectivestates. Leveraging AI this way stimulates humanlikelearning which can yield better results with the subjectivebehavior of public policy. Our approach consists of collectingdatasets relevant to science and technology policies,utilizing AI to create methods for determining the best pathforward, testing the validity of the algorithms using AI assurance,and measuring attributions to determine whichcomponents contribute to the outcomes most effectively.Using AI provides context relevant to the impacts of certainpolicies, and an overall data-driven approach that mitigatesdepending solely on expert’s judgment, subjective experiences,or ad-hoc processes.

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