The Israel-PLO Mutual Recognition Agreement

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Joel Singer

Abstract From the perspective of a practitioner who was deeply engaged in the negotiations, this article describes how the Israeli-Palestinian Mutual Recognition Agreement was conceived and negotiated. It explains the process of convincing Israeli and Palestinian leaders to accept mutual recognition, overcoming their initial objections. While not nearly as publicized as the 1993 Declaration of Principles agreed at Oslo, this Agreement became the bedrock for all the Oslo Accords, and set the stage for subsequent negotiations.

Author(s):  
Lei Wan ◽  
Guiyong Li ◽  
Min Rui ◽  
Yongkang Liu ◽  
Jue Yang

A floating nuclear power plant (FNPP) with small modular reactor (SMR) is a combination of a civilian nuclear infrastructure and an offshore installation, which is defined as a floating nuclear facility. The article draws the lessons from studying of the engineer combination like Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) under the regulation of several government departments. It puts forward recommendations for license application and government regulation as follows in consideration with current license application for nuclear power plant and ship survey. A FNPP shall follow the requirements of construction, fueling and operation for civil nuclear installation combined with ship survey. Application is submitted to nuclear safety regulator for construction permit, while the design drawings shall be submitted to department of ship survey which checks the drawings whether meet the requirements of ship survey, considering some nuclear safety needs. The result of ship survey shall be represented in the safety analysis reports. The construction and important devices manufacturing shall be under the supervision of nuclear installation regulators and ship survey departments. In conclusion, National Nuclear Safety Administration (NNSA) and Maritime Safety Administration of the People’s Republic of China (MSA) shall establish united supervisory system for SMR on sea in China. It is suggested that NNSA is in charge of the overall safety of a FNPP, while MSA is responsible of the ship survey. The operator shall undertake obligation of a FNPP and evaluate the ship cooperating with experienced agency. It is suggested that government departments build the mutual recognition agreement of safety review. It is better to solve the vague questions by coordination.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Vidia Gati

Profesi akuntan adalah salah satu profesi yang mendapatkan sertifikasi dari negara negara ASEAN berdasarkan Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA sehingga nantinya akan memudahkan lintas profesi diantara Negara tersebut. Adanya gap antara jumlah akuntan yang tersedia dan yang dibutuhkan akan menimbulkan persoalan yaitu serbuan tenaga kerja asing di masa arus lalu lintas jasa benar benar terbuka. Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia sudah melakukan berbagai aktifitas untuk mempersiapkan masa tersebut, namun hendaknya perhitungan realistis perlu dikedepankan mengingat struktur sumber daya manusia di Indonesia didominasi oleh low skilled labour sehingga opsi menunda pemberlakuannya mungkin dapat diperhitungkan untuk memberi kesempatan anak bangsa mencapai posisi strategis daripada posisi sebagai buruh di negeri sendiri.


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-131
Author(s):  
Myung-Hun Lee ◽  
◽  
Soon-Hae Kang ◽  
Seung-Il Na ◽  
Su-Bong Uh ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Eva M. Frank ◽  
Siobhán O'Connor ◽  
Glen Bergeron ◽  
Greg Gardner

Context The globalization of athletic training and therapy is advancing and professionals have more opportunities to transition to international working environments. Objective To compare the American, Canadian, and Irish athletic training and therapy education, accreditation, and certification processes. Background The Mutual Recognition Arrangement recognized the equivalency of athletic training and therapy in the United States, Canada, and Ireland, and thereby provides an avenue for nationally credentialed professionals to obtain equivalent credentials in one of the aforementioned countries. Synthesis As a comparison, this article demonstrated that there was a commonality among countries, but also highlighted the unique jurisdictional differences that our members should be aware of should they want to transition to partner countries. Results We performed a comparative analysis of the education, accreditation, and certification processes among the United States, Canada, and Ireland. Specific differences were noted among supervision methods, clinical education methods, and certification exams. All of these are grounded in the Mutual Recognition Agreement. Recommendation(s) We recommend that the Mutual Recognition Agreement be held as a basis for future partnerships with other countries. Conclusion(s) This article provided an overview and highlighted the similarities among academic education, domains, and content areas covered under the Mutual Recognition Agreement among athletic training and therapy programs in the United States, Canada, and Ireland. The education programs, accreditation procedures, and certification systems, although differing in structure, were consistent in delivering content that aligns with the Mutual Recognition Agreement.


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