The “Lost Mackerel” of the North East Atlantic—The Flawed System of Trilateral and Bilateral Decision-making

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ørebech
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Total Allowable Catch ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Atlantic Mackerel ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Quota Allocation ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Right

Abstract The North East Atlantic mackerel is moving westward and northward. How to integrate new coastal states whose Exclusive Economic Zone is invaded by mackerel into existing decision-making processes? The 1982 Law of the Sea Convention, the 1995 Straddling Fish Stocks Agreement, the 1980 North East Atlantic Fisheries Convention, and bilateral and trilateral agreements between “relevant coastal states” fail to provide rules for present decision-makers to incorporate newcomers. The present harvesting states are sovereign with regard to admitting or refusing newcomers. This article argues for a stricter obligation on coastal states to acknowledge the right of new harvesting nations to access decision-making processes for estimating total allowable catch and allocating quotas. Equitable distribution can occur if quota allocation is subject to principles that are less discretionary than the present ones. One solution is to estimate the ratio of biomass related to the share of coastal states in the distribution of eggs, larvae and fishable stock, and allocate a quota to each coastal and high seas fishing state accordingly.

Seasonal changes in the north-eastern Atlantic mackerel diet (Scomber scombrus) in the north of Spain (ICES Division VIIIc)

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Olaso ◽  
José L. Gutiérrez ◽  
Begoña Villamor ◽  
Pablo Carrera ◽  
Luis Valdés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Content Volume ◽  
Gelatinous Zooplankton ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Atlantic Mackerel ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Stomach Weight ◽  
North Of Spain

Seasonal changes in the diet of the Atlantic mackerel from the north-east Atlantic in ICES Division VIIIc during the period 1988–1999. The diet of juvenile (21–29 cm) and adult mackerel (30–45 cm) in this area in spring (the spawning season) and autumn varied in composition and size of prey. In spring, the average prey weight was 0·009 g and the number of prey was 180 individuals per stomach, with the average stomach content volume being 1·62 g (0·60% BW [body weight]), and 1·50 g (0·51% BW) when considering the empty stomachs. In autumn, the average prey weight was 0·28 g, the average number of prey per stomach was 17, and the average stomach weight that contained food was three times higher than in spring, and 2·3 times when considering the empty stomachs. In spring, the diet of the juveniles consisted of euphausiids, crustacean larvae and other zooplankton, whereas euphausiids formed 90% of the diet in the adults. In addition, during this period mackerel were cannibalistic, feeding on their own eggs. In autumn, the juveniles ate hyperiids and other, mainly gelatinous zooplankton, whereas for the adults blue whiting were clearly important, since they comprised 90% of the stomach weight.

The European Union’s Reform of Deep-Sea Fisheries in the North-East Atlantic

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-600
Author(s):  
Gabriela A. Oanta
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Conservation And Management

Abstract This article addresses the first reform of the European Union’s legal regime for fishing of deep-sea stocks in the north-east Atlantic and provisions for fishing in international waters of the north-east Atlantic, as adopted through Regulation (eu) 2016/2336. The concept of deep-sea fisheries, a brief description of the work done by the Union so far in relation to the conservation and management of these fish stocks, as well as the specific provisions of this reform are presented.

scholarly journals ICES advisory framework 1977–2012: from Fmax to precautionary approach and beyond

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Lassen ◽  
Ciaran Kelly ◽  
Michael Sissenwine
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Total Allowable Catch ◽  
Precautionary Approach ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Spawning Stock ◽  
Harvest Control Rule ◽  
Annual Total

Abstract Lassen, H., Kelly, C., and Sissenwine, M. 2014. ICES advisory framework 1977–2012: from Fmax to precautionary approach and beyond. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 166–172. The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) provides fishery advice in the context of international agreements and addressing the policy and legal needs of ICES Member Countries. This advice is often formulated for an annual total allowable catch based on decisions made by the North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC) during the first half of the 1970s. Although this early advice was initially focused on the best usage of the growth potential of the fish stocks, the collapse of important pelagic stocks in the late 1960s and the early 1970s suggested that the biological advice should include serious considerations of the spawning–stock biomass (SSB). ICES responded with a new advisory framework in 1976. Over the next 30 years, the advisory framework evolved, with increasing emphasis placed on ensuring SSB to avoid impairing recruitment. The Plan of Implementation of the 2002 UN World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) calls for the restoration and maintenance of fish stocks to levels than can produce the fisheries that provide maximum sustainable yield (MSY). In 2009, ICES revised its advisory framework now formulated as a harvest control rule aimed at achieving MSY.

scholarly journals Thrust–wrench interference tectonics in the Gulf of Cadiz (Africa–Iberia plate boundary in the North-East Atlantic): Insights from analog models

2011 ◽  
Vol 289 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
João C. Duarte ◽  
Filipe M. Rosas ◽  
Pedro Terrinha ◽  
Marc-André Gutscher ◽  
Jacques Malavieille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Gulf Of Cadiz ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Gulf Of Cádiz ◽  
Analog Models

Exceptional influx of oceanic species into the North Sea late 1997

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Edwards ◽  
A.W.G. John ◽  
H.G. Hunt ◽  
J.A. Lindley
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Oceanic Species

Continuous Plankton Recorder records from the North Sea and north-east Atlantic from September 1997 to March 1998 indicate an exceptional influx of oceanic indicator species into the North Sea. These inflow events, according to historical evidence, have only occurred sporadically during this century. This exceptional inflow and previous inflow events are discussed in relation to their similarity in terms of their physical and climatic conditions.

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