Prohibition of Bottom Trawling on Extended Continental Shelves: Creeping Jurisdiction or Enforcement of Sovereign Rights?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Antsygina
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Bottom Trawling ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Continental Shelves ◽  
Trawl Fishing ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Fishing Practices

Abstract This article discusses whether the regime of the continental shelf includes a right to conserve living natural resources and whether a unilateral establishment of a ban on bottom trawl fishing is possible on the high seas superjacent the extended continental shelf (ECS). Based on Article 77 and Part XII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, coastal States can impose reasonable conservation measures to protect sedentary species from harmful fishing practices. The article also explores how the competing rights of coastal and flag States, as well rights of coastal States with overlapping ECS entitlements, should be balanced in case of the imposition of unilateral conservation measures.

scholarly journals Continental Shelf From The Perspective Of The Law Of The Sea: An Introduction

Warta Geologi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Mazlan Madon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Coastal State ◽  
Outer Limit ◽  
Continental Shelves ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The Law

The entitlement of a coastal State over the seabed and subsoil in front of its landmass is provided for in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS), in particular Article 76 for the continental shelf. This short note in Malay gives a brief introduction to the concept of the “continental shelf” in the context of Article 76. This concept is important as a means by which coastal States may establish the outer limit of their continental shelves beyond 200 nautical miles (M) measured from the territorial sea baselines. Once the outer limits have been established, coastal States are then able to exercise with certainty their sovereign rights over the extended continental shelf for the purposes of exploring and exploiting the natural resources of the seabed and subsoil, as provided for by UNCLOS. The establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 M is based on the principle of natural prolongation of land territory in Article 76. Geology also plays an important role in the process of determining the extent of the prolongation in accordance with the provisions of Article 76. For authors and students of this topic in Malay, it is proposed that the synonymous Malay terms for continental shelf – “pelantar benua” and “pentas benua” – be given specific meanings for use in their legal and geological contexts, respectively.

The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf and its Disturbing Propensity to Legislate

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Serdy
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Continental Shelves ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Law

AbstractCreated by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to apply the rules in Article 76 on the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from States’ territorial sea baselines, the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf has on several occasions introduced new requirements for States not supported by Article 76, or impermissibly qualifying the rights Article 76 accords them. This article focuses on several such instances, one to the coastal State’s advantage (though temporally rather than spatially), another neutral (though requiring unnecessary work of States), but the remainder all tending to reduce the area of continental shelves. The net effect has been to deprive States of areas of legal continental shelf to which a reasonable interpretation of Article 76 entitles them, and in one case even of their right to have their submissions examined on their merits, even though, paradoxically, the well-meaning intention behind at least some of the Commission’s pronouncements was to avoid other controversies.

Geomatics Aspects of the UN Convention on Law of the Sea – A Case Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-449
Author(s):  
Ahmed El-Rabbany
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Maritime Boundary ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Maritime Boundary Delimitation

The United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) came into force on November 18, 1994 to provide the legal framework for maritime boundary delimitation. Understanding the geomatics aspects of UNCLOS is vital for coastal nations to claim the ownership of the natural resources within the limits of their Continental Shelf. This paper discusses some of the geomatics aspects of UNCLOS, namely the geodetic and uncertainty issues. A case study for Egypt's outer limits is also presented.

scholarly journals TINJAUAN GEOLOGI LANDAS KONTINEN INDONESIA DI LUAR 200 MIL LAUT SEBELAH SELATAN PERAIRAN PULAU SUMBA

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prijantono Astjario ◽  
Imelda R. Silalahi
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Shelf Zone ◽  
Sediment Thickness ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Marine Data ◽  
The Law

Indonesia berkehendak untuk mengeksplorasi dan mengeksploitasi potensi sumber daya alam di Zona Landas Kontinen di luar 200 mil laut dengan mengajukan batas Landas Kontinennya sesuai dengan ketentuan yang telah ditetapkan dalam United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III, 1982) hingga jarak 350 mil laut. Hasil studi data geologi dan geofisika menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki prospek untuk melaksanakan submisi landas kontinen di luar 200 mil di tiga lokasi, dalam hal ini salah satunya adalah di sebelah selatan perairan Pulau Sumba. Tinjauan geologi ini dilaksanakan dalam upaya menggali dan menghimpun data serta informasi yang berkaitan dengan hak kedaulatan Indonesia atas potensi sumberdaya alam dari Landas Kontinen Indonesia di luar 200 mil sebelah selatan perairan Pulau Sumba. Adapun tujuan dari tinjauan ini adalah untuk pengembangan data dan informasi kelautan untuk pemanfaatkan potensi sumberdaya alam dari Landas Kontinen Indonesia di luar perairan 200 mil sebelah selatan Pulau Sumba. Data geologi dan geofisika di daerah tinjauan menunjukkan ketebalan sedimen yang tipis yaitu antara 1– 1,8 %. Tinjauan geologi ini memberikan pula dugaan adanya cekungan yang memiliki ketebalan sedimen yang cukup tebal yang dapat ditelusuri lebih lanjut sesuai dengan pola batimetri perairan selatan Sumba. Kata kunci: Landas kontinen, 200 mil laut, submisi, UNCLOS, sedimen. Indonesia willing to explore and exploit the natural resources in Continental Shelf Zone beyond 200 nautical miles to the limit of its continental shelf in accordance with the provisions stipulated in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III, 1982) up to a distance of 350 nautical miles. The result of geological and geophysical data study shows that Indonesia has the prospect to implement submission of the continental shelf beyond 200 miles in three locations, where one of which is in the southern waters of Sumba Island. Geological review was conducted in order to explore and collect data and information relating to the rights of Indonesian sovereignty over natural resources of the Indonesian Continental Shelf beyond 200 miles south of Sumba Island waters. The purpose of this review is for the development of marine data and information for the exploitation of natural resources of the Continental Shelf beyond Indonesian waters 200 miles south of the island of Sumba. Geological and geophysical data from the study area shows that the sediment thickness is between 1 to 1.8%. This study also provides the present of a basin with the sediment thickness that can be traced further in accordance with the pattern of bathymetric pattern of south Sumba waters. Keywords: Continental shelf, 200 nautical miles, submissions, UNCLOS, sediments.

scholarly journals Keberlakuan Pengaturan Landas Kontinen Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1973 Tentang Landas Kontinen Indonesia dan United Nations Convention on the Law Of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS 1982)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1723
Author(s):  
Achmad Indra Irfansyah
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Maritime Law ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Laws And Regulations

AbstractIndonesia has taken steps to adjust its laws and regulations regarding maritime law with UNCLOS 1982, with the establishment of Law Number 6 of 1996 On Indonesian Waters however, this step not yet followed by adjustments to the laws regarding continental shelf, namely Law Number. 1 of 1973 On Indonesian Continental Shelf. The purpose of this research is to analize the differences in the substance of the arrangements for continental shelf in UNCLOS 1982 and Law Number 1 of 1973 On Indonesia Continental Shelf to find out the effectiveness of Indonesia's international treaties with other countries regarding the continental shelf using the Statute Approach and Conceptual Approach. Indonesia must make adjustments to national legislation regarding continental shelf with UNCLOS 1982 because of Indonesian legislation regarding continental shelf still refers to United Nations Convention on the Continental Shelf 1958.Keywords: Continental Shelf; Natural Resources;UNCLOS 1982.AbstrakIndonesia telah mengambil langkah untuk menyesuaikan peraturan perundang-undangannya mengenai hukum laut dengan UNCLOS 1982, yaitu disahkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 1996 Tentang Perairan Indonesia namun langkah tersebut belum diikuti dengan penyesuaian peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai landas kontinen yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1973 Tentang Landas Kontinen Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan substansi pengaturan tentang landas kontinen di dalam UNCLOS 1982 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1973 Tentang Landas Kontinen Indonesia sebagai sumber hukum mengenai landas kontinen di Indonesia, serta untuk mengetahui keberlakuan perjanjian-perjanjian internasional Indonesia dengan negara lain mengenai landas kontinen dengan menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang (Statute Approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (Conceptual Approach). Indonesia harus melakukan penyesuaian peraturan perundang-undangan nasional tentang landas kontinen dengan UNCLOS 1982 karena peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia tentang landas kontinen masih mengacu kepada United Nations on the Continental Shelf 1958.Kata Kunci: Landas Kontinen; Sumberdaya Alam; UNCLOS 1982.

Part I Assessing the UN Institutional Structure for Global Ocean Governance: The UN’s Role in Global Ocean Governance, 4 The Role of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in the Governance of the Seas and Oceans

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subedi Surya P
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Ocean Governance ◽  
Continental Shelves ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The Law

This chapter discusses the role of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, established under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), in the governance of the seas and oceans. It first considers the competition for the resources of the seas and oceans among States before providing an overview of the functions of the Commission. It then outlines the criteria for the establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf and proceeds by analysing the challenges for the Commission in dealing with claims by coastal States for the extension of their continental shelves beyond 200 nautical miles. It also examines issues such as ambiguity in the law itself, the workload of the Commission, problems of enforcement, questions of transparency and accountability, financial resources, and independence of the Commissioners.

The Work of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf: Current Accomplishments and Challenges on the Verge of Its 20th Anniversary

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-70
Author(s):  
Paula M. Vernet
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
20Th Anniversary ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Law ◽  
Conditions Of Work

2017 marks the 20th anniversary of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS), in coincidence with its 43rd session. This session has been the last before the expiration of the term of office of its current members. Elections were held in June. During this five year period, the CLCS faced great challenges: the workload of the Commission increased dramatically, stays in New York became longer, conditions of work became an issue; the complexity of the Submissions required new interpretations and more time for their consideration; new revised Submissions were made and brought new alterations in the order of Submissions on the list waiting to be analysed. This article provides some views on the work carried out by the CLCS following the election of members of the Commission at the twenty-second Meeting of States Parties to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, held in June 2012, up to December 2016, in an attempt to assess the accomplishments and challenges of the last five years.

Obligations of ‘Due Regard’ in the Exclusive Economic Zone: Their Context, Purpose and State Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Einar Fife
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zone ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
International Peace ◽  
Dormant State ◽  
State Practice ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Economic Zone

Abstract The exclusive rights of the coastal state over the natural resources in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) coexist with the high seas freedoms of communication of other states. This particular coexistence of state competences is a distinguishing feature of the 200-mile zones. Articles 56(2) and 58(3) United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) require that coastal states have ‘due regard’ to the rights, freedoms and duties of other states in the zone, and vice versa. It is suggested that the two provisions are not ‘dormant’. State practice indicates the contrary, as well as future paths for clarification. The obligation to have ‘due regard’ constitutes a linchpin in the conceptual underpinnings of the EEZ, and requires an interpretation of the concrete provisions that are applicable, in keeping with the Convention’s nature as a strategic ‘package deal’ with a particular bearing on international peace and security.

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