Qualitative Liability in the Early Modern Low Countries (ca. 1425–1650)

Grotiana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-52
Author(s):  
Wouter Druwé
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
Lecture Notes

Abstract In his ‘Inleidinge tot de Hollantsche Rechtsgeleertheyt’, Hugo Grotius introduced the concept of wrong-by-construction-of-law (‘misdaed door wetsduidinge’), the idea that civil law could assign liability to someone who had not committed any fault, i.e. merely because of his or her ‘capacity’ or ‘quality’ as a parent, as an owner of an animal, as an inhabitant of a building, or as an employer or shipowner. This contribution situates Grotius’s views on qualitative liability within the wider Netherlandish learned juridical context of his time, and especially studies the role of fault (‘culpa’) and presumptions of fault in the learned theories on qualitative liability. Apart from printed treatises and volumes of consilia, this contribution also takes into account hitherto unstudied handwritten lecture notes of the late medieval and early modern university of Leuven.

scholarly journals Jesuit Sanctity: Hypothesizing the Continuity of a Hagiographic Narrative of the Modern Age

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Franco Motta ◽  
Eleonora Rai
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Late Medieval Period ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
History Of

Abstract The introduction to this special issue provides some considerations on early modern sanctity as a historical object. It firstly presents the major shifts in the developing idea of sanctity between the late medieval period and the nineteenth century, passing through the early modern construction of sanctity and its cultural, social, and political implications. Secondly, it provides an overview of the main sources that allow historians to retrace early modern sanctity, especially canonization records and hagiographies. Thirdly, it offers an overview of the ingenious role of the Society of Jesus in the construction of early modern sanctity, by highlighting its ability to employ, create, and play with hagiographical models. The main Jesuit models of sanctity are then presented (i.e., the theologian, the missionary, the martyr, the living saint), and an important reflection is reserved for the specific martyrial character of Jesuit sanctity. The introduction assesses the continuity of the Jesuit hagiographical discourse throughout the long history of the order, from the origins to the suppression and restoration.

Translating Sorrow

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-163
Author(s):  
Scott L. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Central European ◽  
Cultural Challenges ◽  
The Social ◽  
Italian Music

In the multilingual environments of Central European cities and courts, Italian musicians found a receptive market for their music. There they confronted a range of linguistic abilities that encouraged innovative approaches to musical composition and publication. Recent rediscovery of the opening sheets of Giovanni Battista Pinello’s 1584 Primo libro dele neapolitane enables us to assess one Genoese composer’s experience of a multi-ethnic, Central European milieu during an unprecedented migrational wave. As chapelmaster at the electoral court in Dresden with ties to aristocratic circles in Prague, Pinello also issued a German version that can be sung, according to the composer, simultaneously with the napolitane. This study examines the Central European market for Italian music, the role of the Holy Roman Empire in facilitating Italian migration, and cultural challenges foreign musicians faced in their new homes. Nineteenth-century myths of nationhood depended on histories of folk-like immobility, but in fact migration was a basic condition of early modern European life. Music historians have long been aware of individual musicians’ travels from the Low Countries in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, along with a new trend, emerging around 1600, toward northward emigration by Italian musicians. Nonetheless, there is much more to say about the social underpinnings of such movements. Pinello’s fusion of languages, poetic forms, and registers invites us to reimagine the multi-ethnic complexion of Central European musical centers in the late sixteenth century.

Bread provisioning and retail dynamics in the southern Low Countries: the bakers of Leuven, 1600–1800

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRECHT DEWILDE ◽  
JOHAN POUKENS
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Food Retailing ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Research Tradition ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Additional Explanation

ABSTRACTThe central argument of this article is that current historical research into early modern retail growth and practices has focused too narrowly on the retail of durables (perhaps with the exception of colonial groceries) and on retailers' guilds. The role of food-producing and/or food-retailing guilds hitherto has received less attention. Research into retail practices has not connected to an older (but still lively) research tradition in which the consumption of basic foodstuffs received the bulk of attention. We argue that if selling bread is approached as a ‘system of provision’, competing retail circuits and the different ways in which subsequent subsistence crises affected each of those circuits offer an additional explanation (next to well-documented changes in demand) for the inclusion of other basic provisions, colonial groceries, clothing, and even durables in the assortment of traditional food-producing and food-retailing guild masters, in this case the Leuven bakers.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sujin Pak
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
New Age ◽  
Human History ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Christian Leaders ◽  
Radical Shift ◽  
The Way ◽  
Joachim Of Fiore

This introduction surveys views of the prophet and prophecy from patristic and early medieval teachings to the eve of the Protestant reformations. Christian leaders across the church’s history simultaneously affirmed understandings of prophecy as foretelling and prophecy as interpretation of Scripture, with a growing emphasis on the latter and a continued emphasis on the role of revelation in both forms. Whereas Augustine’s teachings concerning prophecy tended to restrain apocalyptic expectation, the teachings of Joachim of Fiore introduced a radical shift in connecting biblical prophecy directly with human history. Consequently, on the eve of the Protestant reformations, late medieval conceptions of prophecy paved the way for increasing expectation of a figure who would usher in a new age. All the while early-modern Catholic leaders continued to affirm the ongoing contemporary function of prophecy, even as they sought to constrain such apocalyptic fervor.

scholarly journals Een bouc in walsche, a Book Written in French

Queeste ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-245
Author(s):  
Dirk Schoenaers ◽  
Alisa van de Haar
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Francophone Literature ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The People ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Early Modern Times

Abstract In late medieval and early modern times, books, as well as the people who produced and read (or listened to) them, moved between regions, social circles, and languages with relative ease. Yet, in the multilingual Low Countries, francophone literature was both internationally mobile and firmly rooted in local soil. The five contributions collected in this volume demonstrate that while in general issues of ‘otherness’ were resolved without difficulty, at other times (linguistic) differences were perceived as a heartfelt reality.

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