The Phenomenon of the 18th Century Institutional Printing House of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: The Case of the Franciscans

Many of the printing houses in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that operated during the 17th-18th centuries belonged to institutions the biggest part of which consisted of Catholic monk monasteries. Despite belonging to one group, the development path of each printing house and its contribution to book culture has unique features. Of the four institutional prin­ting houses operating in the 18th century in Vilnius, the printing house of the Franciscan Conventuals Monastery was the first to be closed and its operations terminated. The purpose of the article is to identify the following causes behind the issues and eventual closure of this printing house. Based on the expenses and income book of this printing house for the period 1752–1769 (it is preserved at the Department of Manuscripts of Vilnius University Library,) this paper examines various aspects of the Vilnius Franciscan Conventuals monastery printing house: funds, sources of equipment and paper, building location, relations with employees and hired craftsmen, orders, sources of income, profitability. In order to better understand the specificity of the institutional press, an effort was made to establish a link between the research outcome and the wider context by addressing the question of the impact of both the society of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Franciscan Order itself on the destiny of the printing house. In addition, the book of expenses and income reveals new biographical data about Vilnius engraver Franciszek Balcewicz.

And in the fence, and in the mill, and in the silver gate (Review of the book: Kovalenko N. D. Frazeolohia v ukrainskomu dialektnomu movlenni [Phraseology in Ukrainian dialect speech] : monograph. Kaminets-Podilsky : «Ruta Printing House» Ltd., 2021. 404 p.)

Review of the book: Kovalenko N. D. Frazeolohia v ukrainskomu dialektnomu movlenni [Phraseology in Ukrainian dialect speech] : monograph. Kamianets-Podilsky : «Ruta Printing House» Ltd., 2021. 404 p.

Religious and moralistic works in the repertoire of the printing house of Daniel Adam Veleslavin

The author analyzes the publishing activity of the Czech typographer of the XVI century Daniel Adam Veleslavin, identifies the repertoire of publications, in particular the publication of religious and moralistic works, considers their role and place in the publishing products of the printing house and their significance for the Czech reader. Reference to sources, in particular to the bibliography of Czech publications, suggests that the printing house of Veleslavina produced moral and religious literature that did not have a narrow religious function, but it was always aimed at life practice.

REGULATIONS OF EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY IN ART WORKSHOPS ST. PETERSBURG ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (1720-1760)

Проведено историко-педагогическое исследование становления нормативной базы художественного образования в России. Определены регламенты подготовки мастеров художественных ремесел в различных ведомствах Санкт-Петербургской академии наук: Канцелярии от строений, Кабинете императорского двора, Гоф-интендантской конторе, Адмиралтейств-коллегии, Рисовальной палате, Типографии, Мануфактур-коллегии. Изучены предпосылки формирования центра художественного образования и системы обучения будущих мастеров изобразительного искусства . A historical and pedagogical study of the formation of the normative base of art education in Russia is carried out. The regulations for the training of masters of artistic crafts in various departments of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences are defined: The Office of the buildings, the Office of the Imperial court, the Quartermaster's Office, the Admiralty Board, the Drawing Chamber, the Printing House, the Manufactory Board. The prerequisites for the formation of an art education center and a training system for future masters of fine arts are studied.

Printing House of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russian Empire in Mid-19th — Early 20th Centuries: structure, functions, personnel

The general characteristics of the government printing house that served the interests of Ministry of Internal Affairs in the middle of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, from the moment the printing house was created in 1836 until the 1910s, when the government was forced to join the struggle for public opinion. The staff of the printing house of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, its structure and changes in personnel and functions are investigated. It is shown that the outbreak of the First Russian Revolution accelerated the transformation of the printing house of the Ministry of Internal Affairs from an institution dealing with printing works on the document circulation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs into a structure that performs important functions in the ideological struggle for public opinion. It is proved that at the beginning of the twentieth century the priority direction for the printing house of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was the task of printing government newspapers “Government Bulletin”, “Russian State”, “Evening addition to the Government Bulletin”, etc. The difference between the servants and the workers of the printing house of the central state institution is emphasized. It is noted that if the servants of the printing house of the Ministry of Internal Affairs initially had the right to receive a social package, then the workers of the printing house had to earn this right.

Publishing and book sales in Turkestan

The article introduces the history of the origin of publishing and printing activities in the Turkestan Territory. It is preceded by information that before the formation of the first printing houses on the territory of the region, books were mainly distributed by calligraphers through rewriting. And since this work was of a long-term nature, accordingly the prices for the books were considerable.Comparing with the beginning of the introduction of the first technical means, the author notes that publishing and printing activities in the region began to gradually develop in the 60s of the XIX century. Until that time, books printed in lithographic format were mainly imported. The first printing house during the period of the Russian Empire opened in 1723 in Astrakhan. But in Tashkent only by the beginning of the XX century. there were 5 printing houses in the new part and two lithographs in the old town part.

НЕИЗВЕСТНЫЕ ИЗДАНИЯ И НОВЫЕ ФОРМЫ ПЕЧАТИ МОСКОВСКОГО ПЕЧАТНОГО ДВОРА ВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ XVII ВЕКА

Аннотация. В статье на основании анализа репертуара Московского Печатного двора второй половины XVII века, составленного по данным архива Приказа книгопечатного дела, показаны новые формы печатных изданий, новые задачи Государева Печатного двора и их успешное решение. В результате показано, что Московский Печатный двор в исследуемый период стал важнейшим инструментом подготовки страны и ее населения к петровским реформам, ознаменовавшим наступление в России новой эпохи. Abstract. Based on the analysis of the repertoire of the Moscow Printing House of the second half of the 17th century, compiled from the data of the archive of the Order of the Printing Industry, the article shows new forms of printed publications, new tasks of the Tsar’s Printing House and their successful solution. As a result, it is shown that the Moscow Printing House during the period under study became the most important tool for preparing the country and its population for the Peter’s reforms, which marked the onset of a new era in Russia.

Euclid’s elements publication in Vilnius

200 years ago in Vilnius the famous Elements by Euclid was set in print in the Polish language. The translationwas made by professorof mathematics Jozef Czech (1762–1810) and published in J. Zawadski’s printing house in 1807. This publication consisted of 8 books, i.e., the first six, eleventh and twelfth books on planimetry and stereometry. In 1817 the Elements was published once more. The fact that Euclid’s Elements appeared in print inVilnius can be discussedfrom two viewpoints. First, the society of the former Commonwealth of the Two Nations could get access to the heritage of antiquity. Second, the treatise was translated and published later then in other European countries. As a result, the Elements did not become the only textbook on geometry.

Printed Blank Forms of the Cyrillic Printed Letters of 1759 from Bishop of Pinsk and Turov George Bulgak in the Collection of the Russian State Library

Printed Blank Forms are poorly studied historical sources. They were published in almost every printing house, often in large editions; however, due to the specifics of the purpose, they were poorly preserved. Many of the printed editions have not reached our days. You can learn about their existence from archival documents. A number of editions are known in a single copy. The Research Department of Rare Books (Book Museum) of the Russian State Library has two Printed Blank Forms. These are the Certificates of Ordination from the Bishop of Pinsk and Turov, George Bulgak. These are the only known copies of the editions. They were issued to priest Vasily Shemetil on July 15, 1759 in Pinsk and stamped with the Episcopal seal. They came from the Vilnius Public Library. Due to the small number of complex studies of such sources, the article provides the detailed description of them, reveals the content at the level of the edition (printed blank form) and the copy (handwritten text); for the first time there is undertaken publication of the texts of the certificates. Moreover, the authors consider the actual problems of the bibliographic description of these publications: different bibliographers (F.N. Dobryansky, A.I. Milovidov, G.Y. Golenchenko, Y.A. Labyntsev) described and attributed these editions differently (Mogilev and Suprasl were mentioned as the place of publication). Being unique sources, they attracted attention of bibliographers, but were not used at all by historians and other researchers of book culture. The authors come to the conclusion that the attribution of the publication of letters in the printing house of the Annunciation Monastery in Suprasl, proposed by Y.A. Labyntsev, looks the most convincing today. The study emphasizes the importance of the considered documents that are the only known examples of printed Greek Catholic Certificates of Ordination of the 18th century. Since the life and activity of Georgy Bulgak himself, who became the Archimandrite of the Annunciation Monastery in Suprasl, remains practically unexplored in Russian historiography, the article presents his biography, focuses on this period of his activity and his great contribution to the development of book publishing in the monastery printing house, which printed books in Slavic, Polish and Latin languages.