The New Left in Turkey’s Long Sixties: The Kurdish ’68ers and the Workers’ Party of Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 240-264
Author(s):  
Azat Zana Gündoğan
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Third World ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
New Left ◽  
World Country ◽  
Organizational Capabilities ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Third World Country ◽  
Old Left

Abstract Global 1968 stood in opposition to the two major social movements of the previous two centuries, namely the nationalist movements and the old left. Turkey entered into this epoch as a Third World country with a record of broken promises to various social groups, including the Kurds. This article focuses on the Kurdish ’68ers who protested the systematic oppression, exploitation, and forced assimilation of the Kemalist Republic through new action repertoires and organizational capabilities. It explores their particular subjectivity and agency and analyzes their unlikely alliance with the Workers’ Party of Turkey (tİp). The article’s overarching argument is that the Turkish left’s historical burden of nation-state centrism and a Turkish national identity determined the failure of the New Left in Turkey. In contrast, the Kurdish left was able to carry on the legacy of the New Left and the ’68ers today because of the said historical subjectivity and agency.

PROBLEMS OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN NIGERIA: LESSONS FOR THE THIRD REPUBLIC

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
AbduI-Mumim Sa’ad
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Third World ◽  
Third Republic ◽  
World Country ◽  
Legal Representation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third World Country ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
The World

The administration of criminal justice all over the world is infested with problems. The problems are undoubtedly more in number and seriousness in a Third World country such as ours, Nigeria. This paper identifies and 1 explains in some details only some of the more serious of the problems in Nigeria. It does so within the context of the five major stages involved in the administration of criminal justice which includes: charges and pleas; bail and remand; trial and legal representation; judgment and sentencing; as well as appeals. The paper then concludes by offering some useful solutions to each of the problems identified and explained in the paper, calling upon the Third Nigerian Republic to implement those recommendations for a better administration of justice in the country.

Towards Measuring True E-Readiness of a Third-World Country

2011 ◽  
pp. 2966-2976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reggie Davidrajuh
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Third World ◽  
World Country ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Third World Country ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Measuring Tool

This chapter talks about measuring true e-readiness of a third-world country. As a case study, e-readiness measurement is done on Sri Lanka. First, this chapter assesses e-readiness of Sri Lanka using a measuring tool that utilizes 52 socio-economic indicators. Second, based on the assessment, this chapter reveals that the measurement does not indicate true e-readiness of the country, as the tool do not model or incorporate parameters for measuring the domestic digital divide that exist between communities or groups within the country. Third, this chapter proposes a method for incorporating the domestic digital divide measures in e-readiness calculations.

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