International Law & World Order: Weston's & Carlson's Basic Documents V.N.7 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) (with appendices I, II & III and as amended) (3 March 1973)

Abstrak Saat ini perlindungan jenis satwa atau hidupan liar diatur dalam instrumen hukum internasional seperti Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) tahun 1973. Undang-undang No.5 tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumberdaya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya danperaturan pelaksanaan lainnya mengatur perlindungan jenis satwa atau hidupan liar di Indonesia. Hingga saat ini masih banyak kasus kejahatan yang berkaitan dengan perburuan dan perdagangan satwa atau hidupan liar yang dilindungi, seperti kasus penyelundupan kakatua jambul kuning di Surabaya pada medio Maret 2015. Implementasi perundang-undangan bidang ini belum efektif dari sisi perlindungan satwa di habitatnya maupun menjerat maksimal pelaku kejahatan. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa instrumen hukum nasional yang melindungi satwa dan tumbuhan liar belum memiliki kelengkapan ketentuan yang mengacu pada CITES sepenuhnya, dan ancaman sanksi yang ada juga tidak menimbulkan efek jera pelaku kejahatan. Dibutuhkan revisi perundang-undangan dibidang konservasi, perlindungan satwa atau hidupan liar yang sejalan dengan perkembangan instrumen hukum internasional. Abstract The protection of wildlife stated in the international law instruments such as Convention on International Trade in as Critically Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1973. Law No. 5 of1990 regardingNatural Resources Conservation and ItsEcosystems and related goverment regulations governprotection of wildlife in Indonesia. Recently, there are still many criminal cases related to poaching and trade of wildlife or protected animals, such as yellow-crested cockatoo smuggling cases in Surabaya on March 2015. Implementation of regulation and the law enforcement concerning wildlife is not effective to protect animals in their habitat. The legal instrument in the national leveltoprotect wildlife isnot complete and comprehensive yet,especially compared with the norms ofCITES and its regulations;andthe punishment did not make the deterrent effect to the perpetrators. There is aneed to push the goverment to make a revision the regulation regarding conservation and wildlife protection that are in line with the international law instruments.

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International law and criminalizing illegal trade in endangered species (from the Far Eastern perspective)

Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law ◽

10.4337/apjel.2019.02.02 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 207-227

Author(s):

Alexandre Chitov

Keyword(s):

International Trade ◽

Endangered Species ◽

International Law ◽

Illegal Trade ◽

Administrative Control ◽

Wild Fauna ◽

Effective Level ◽

International Obligations ◽

Successful Fulfillment ◽

Far Eastern

The article examines international law in relation to international trade in endangered species. It analyzes the major international agreement in this area: CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 1973) in the context of Thailand and China. The article argues that CITES does not sufficiently address the need of those countries to criminalize illegal trade in endangered animals and plants across borders. CITES requires an increased administrative control over the trade which many developing countries are unable to carry out in order to achieve an effective level of protection for the endangered species. Under the influence of CITES, the crime of illegal trade is defined in Thailand and China narrowly as trade in violation of administrative controls. The main argument of this article is, first, that the countries, such as Thailand and China, must adopt a broader concept of the crime of illegal trade in endangered species. Second, there is a need to adopt this concept on an international level in order to facilitate a successful fulfillment of the countries’ international obligations.

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CITES II or The Second Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2861388 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Rowan B. Martin

Keyword(s):

International Trade ◽

Endangered Species ◽

Wild Fauna

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CITES-listed Wildlife Trade of the Czech Republic

Littera Scripta ◽

10.36708/littera_scripta2020/2/1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 2-8

Author(s):

Nikola Sagapova ◽

Radim Dusek

Keyword(s):

International Trade ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Endangered Species ◽

Plant Species ◽

Wildlife Trade ◽

Endangered Plants ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Wildlife Species ◽

Wild Fauna ◽

Increasing Trend

Wildlife trade involves many animal and plant species and their products. CITES (Convention on International Trafe in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) aims on protecting endangered plants and animals from being overharvested for the purposes of international trade through system of regulations, permits and monitoring. CITES Trade Database is a tool dedicated for the evidence of international trade of endangered wildlife species. We used records from the CITES Trade Database to conduct the analysis of the legal wildlife trade in the Czech Republic in the period 2008-2018. A total amount of 12,615 shipment records were extracted from CITES Trade Database. Amongst most imported taxons belong mammals (mostly genuses Ursus and Panthera) and reptiles (primarily genuses Varanus and Triocerus), while most exported taxons are birds (prevailing genuses Platycercus, Polytelis and Falco) and mammals (especially genus Lemur). While the export records showed an increasing trend, the imports were culminating around the average level of 642.3 records per year and lowest amount in the last year of the period. We emphasise smuggling of snowdrops and tigers and their products, which were reported to be seized, but with lack of records in legal trade.

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