Partial Renewal is a Tool for an Increase in the Environmental Efficiency of the Worn-out Power Facilities

The mankind created the global production that has an increasingly harmful effect on the natural environment. The present-day condition of natural environment causes much concern. A global environmental problem has inevitably emerged and now it requires a decrease in the intensity of the harmful action of available productive facilities. The purpose of the research done was to substantiate and find a potential opportunity for the use of a new approach to an increase in the level of ecological compatibility due to a partial renewal of the worn-out equipment. A substantial portion of the domestic energy equipment has a low level of the process-related functioning efficiency (including ecological efficiency). A global practice shows that the problems of the improvement of technological parameters can be solved in a different way to provide failure –free functioning of power facilities. The analysis of the circumstances existing nowadays in the field of the interaction of domestic power engineering and natural environment gives us an opportunity to adhere to the opinion that the use of the method of partial renewal is objectively affordable and it is a highly efficient tool for the reduction of the degree of harmful action on the part of power equipment. The purpose of this research paper was to show technological opportunities of the method of a partial renewal of worn-out engineering facilities (first of all power equipment and especially boiler plants) as an affordable tool for a decrease of the degree of their harmful action on the environment. Among the branches of the domestic industry, the power engineering branch needs badly a partial renewal and in the first turn these are boiler plants. This type of renewal is of vital importance for Ukraine that possesses a huge fleet of completely worn-out boiler plants. It is advisable to perform an integrated partial renewal. The partial renewal can involve all or individual parts of the entire chain of process elements. A successful fulfillment of the program of partial renewal is defined by a high quality control of the system of scientific and organizational-&-engineering problems relating to the renewal arrangement and realization. An issue relating to an index of the estimation of the extent of renewal of engineering facilities is of great importance. The capital inputs into the partial renewal are always justified for all intents and purposes. As for the conception of the renewal of the worn-out equipment the partial renewal can become an important launching low-cost step that will simplify the expected realization of the program of complete renewal.

THE ROLE OF INDEPENDENCE IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE ACTIVITIES OF CADETS AND GRADUATES OF THE MILITARY INSTITUTIONS OF THE NATIONAL GUARD FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Целью исследования является определение роли самостоятельности в военной службе офицеров и ее влияние на успешное выполнение служебно-боевых задач. Рассмотрена структура деятельности человека, а также место в ней элементов самостоятельности. На основе исследования научной литературы определяются основные структурные элементы понятия «самостоятельность», что позволяет интерпретировать результаты проведенного анализа отзывов на выпускников военных вузов войск национальной гвардии Российской Федерации. Выявленные недостатки в подготовке военных специалистов позволяют сделать вывод о недостаточном развитии самостоятельности в их служебной деятельности. Из этого следует, что зафиксированный уровень развития самостоятельности препятствует проявлению нестандартного, нешаблонного мышления, а также значительно затормаживает саморазвитие офицера как личности и специалиста. Особое внимание уделяется формированию практических навыков курсантов военных вузов, соответствию решения практических задач на занятиях реальным запросам командования различного уровня. Проанализированы возможные причины формирования практических навыков выпускников на уровне ниже ожидаемого и проблема адаптации младших офицеров к новым вызовам. Также в ходе исследования определены основные пути решения проблемы морального устаревания предлагаемых в ходе практических занятий «жизненных» ситуаций. Важно отметить, что уровень профессиональных компетенций выпускников военных вузов войск национальной гвардии Российской Федерации тесно взаимосвязан с практикой их применения. Отмечено, что деятельность курсанта и офицера схожа по своей структуре, что позволяет предложить более результативные способы формирования их поведения в нестандартных/критических ситуациях. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of independence in the military service of officers and its influence on the successful fulfillment of service and combat missions. The article examines the structure of human activity, as well as the place of elements of independence in it. Based on the study of scientific literature, the main structural elements of the concept of “independence” are determined, which allows interpreting the results of the analysis of responses to graduates of military universities of the National Guard troops of the Russian Federation. The identified shortcomings in the training of military specialists allow us to conclude that there is insufficient development of independence in their service activities. As a result, the recorded level of development of independence prevents the manifestation of non-standard, unconventional thinking, and also significantly inhibits the self-development of an officer as a person and as a specialist. Particular attention is paid to the formation of practical skills of cadets of military universities, the correspondence of the solution of practical problems in the classroom to the real requests of the command of various levels. The article discusses the possible reasons for the formation of practical skills of graduates at a level below the expected level and the problem of adaptation of junior officers to new challenges. Also, in the course of the study, the main ways of solving the problem of obsolescence of the “life” situations offered during practical exercises were determined. It is important to note that the level of professional competence of graduates of military universities of the National Guard troops of the Russian Federation is closely interconnected with the practice of their application. The article notes that the activities of a cadet and an officer are similar in structure, which allows us to offer more effective ways of shaping their behavior in non-standard / critical situations.

Prospects for the 2nd Five-Year Socialist Healthcare Plan in the Republic of Tatarstan

Successful fulfillment of the 1st five-year plan, which prepared the industrial base for the further gigantic expansion of industry, the Bolshevik pace of construction, the country's enormous energy and raw materials reserves, which provide inexhaustible resources for its development, the collectivization of agriculture, the growing activity and consciousness of the masses, transforming labor for the proletariat into a matter of valor and heroism create the preconditions for building a classless society in the second five-year plan.

FORMATION OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE IN STUDENTS AS A SOCIAL IMPORTANT PROBLEM OF THE STATE

According to the views of modern researchers, a healthy lifestyle, as the basis for the development of various aspects of life, a characteristic form and method of active participation in social, professional, family and other forms of human life, contributes to the successful fulfillment of social functions and professional tasks. In this regard, the article analyzes the current state of the personal-motivational attitude of students - future specialists to increase and realize their social, physical, mental and physiological potential; reveals the core definitions that determine the semantic content of the concept of "healthy lifestyle" as the main factor in the formation of sustainable motivation for an active life position; reveals the principle of the integrity of the personal and social, the inseparability of the organism and the environment, the interdependence of the biological and social aspects of life. In the formation of a healthy lifestyle for students, the main problem is the weak motivation of its need for their physical, mental, mental and physiological health. The problem of studying the attitude of students to a healthy lifestyle in the conditions of socio-political and economic instability of modern society is very topical, since the quality and success of training qualified, socially adapted specialists, their general cultural and professional development depends on the conscious choice of social and personal values of a healthy lifestyle. The article proves the thesis that students who adhere to a healthy lifestyle, establish a certain relationship between the types of activity (mental, physical, leisure, etc.), better adapt to the functioning of the main physiological processes. An important point of the article is a section describing statistical data on the lifestyle of students, as well as the results of an experimental study to identify the attitude of students of the North Ossetian State University named after K.L. Khetagurov to a healthy lifestyle in general.

THE PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL QUALITIES OF MILITARY SERVICES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE READINESS TO PERFORM SERVICE AND COMBAT TASKS

В настоящее время большую роль в освоении военной специальности играет личность каждого военнослужащего. Рассматривается личность военнослужащего с психологической стороны через сущность основных психических свойств, к которым относятся направленность, темперамент, характер и способности. Изучены немаловажные для военнослужащего волевые и эмоциональные качества личности, позитивные и негативные привычки, военно-профессиональная воспитанность военнослужащего, отражающаяся в его дисциплинированности. Раскрыто понятие профессионализма как уровня освоения профессиональной деятельности, соответствующей имеющимся в мире стандартам и объективным требованиям. Определена зависимость успешности служебно-боевой деятельности военнослужащих от их профессионализма. Описана структура военно-профессиональной компетентности, осознание которой каждым военнослужащим способствует раскрытию их творческого потенциала в пользу военной деятельности, мотивирует на успешное выполнение служебно-боевых задач. Приведены результаты проведенного анализа по изучению уровня готовности к выполнению служебно-боевых задач различными категориями военнослужащих. Полученные данные указывают на высокую степень готовности офицеров, принявших участие в эксперименте, к выполнению служебно-боевых задач. Военнослужащие по контракту и курсанты, принимавшие участие в эксперименте, показали уровень готовности к выполнению служебно-боевых задач, не выходящий за рамки показателя средних значений. Результат эксперимента подтверждает, что его участники обладают необходимыми профессиональными и личностными качествами, способствующими успешному выполнению стоящих служебно-боевых задач. Показатели готовности военнослужащих по контракту и курсантов, принимавших участие в исследовании, подталкивают к поиску путей повышения эффективности выполнения военнослужащими служебно-боевых задач повседневной деятельности. Currently, the personality of each serviceman plays an important role in the development of a military specialty. The article examines the personality of a serviceman from the psychological point of view through the essence of the main mental properties, which include: focus, temperament, character and abilities. The article considers the strong-willed and emotional qualities of the personality, positive and negative habits, the military-professional education of the soldier, which is reflected in his discipline, which are important for a serviceman. The concept of «professionalism» is disclosed as the level of mastering a professional activity that meets the existing standards and objective requirements in the world. The dependence of the success of service and combat activities of servicemen on their professionalism has been determined. The article describes the structure of militaryprofessional competence, the realization of which by each serviceman contributes to the disclosure of their creative potential in favor of military activity, motivates them to successfully perform service-combat tasks. The article presents the results of the analysis to study the level of readiness to perform service and combat missions by various categories of servicemen. The data obtained indicate a high degree of readiness of the officers who took part in the experiment to perform service and combat missions. Contract servicemen and cadets who took part in the experiment showed a level of readiness to perform service and combat missions that did not go beyond the average values. The result of the experiment confirms that its participants have the necessary professional and personal qualities that contribute to the successful fulfillment of the assigned service and combat missions. The readiness indicators of contract servicemen and cadets who took part in the study push us to look for ways to increase the efficiency of servicemen’s performance of service and combat tasks in their daily activities.

Law and Transport: Continuing the Topic

The article provides a review of the textbook «Actual problems of legal support of professional activity» for students at transport universities enrolled in master’s programs, prepared by the team of the department of Transport Law of the Law Institute of Russian University of Transport under the general editorship of Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Law, Professor Alexander I. Zemlin. The review notes the relevance of the topics included in the content of the textbook, the breadth of their coverage, which makes it possible to ensure complete and comprehensive mastering of didactic material, the depth of the scientific approach demonstrated by the authors in the process of working on the publication, the practical significance and potential relevance of the textbook. The sufficiency of the material presented in the textbook is especially emphasized regarding training of future specialists of the highest qualifications in the field of transport with legal competencies necessary for subsequent successful fulfillment by them of their professional duties in the context of digitalization of the economy and transport.

Creating collaborative educational space in conditions of distanсe learning

The article is devoted to the problem of organizing the collaborative educational environment in conditions of distance learning. The author gives an essential characteristic of «collaborative environment» concept which is innovative approach in the training of future specialists. Collaboration is considered as cooperation in solution of the common task, taking into account the immersion of participants in a general communicative context. The priority aspects of the creation of collaborative education include the use of the possibilities of communication and educational technologies for structuring educational information, presenting it in various formats, developing methodological guidelines that serve as a kind of support for the successful fulfillment of tasks provided by the discipline program. The collaboration is also considered as a specific form of interaction and cooperation, which can be used both in the face-to-face and in the distance learning model. Undoubtedly, one of the most important promising tasks in the field of pedagogical research will be studying the characteristics of students and teachers’ communication in the network in order to identify conditions that contribute to constructive solution of problems arising in the training process.

Legal Knowledge for Future Transport Employees

A suggested review is devoted to the textbook «Jurisprudence for students of transport universities» prepared by the staff of the department «Transport Law» of the Law Institute of Russian University of Transport. The textbook in a systematic form sets out the didactic blocks included in the course «Jurisprudence», aimed at specialists of transport universities and containing material necessary and sufficient to build legal competencies for future specialists in the field of transport, which will ensure their successful fulfillment of their future responsibilities in the context of digitalization of the economy and transport logistics. The presented material reflects all modern trends of dynamically developing Russian legislation, recent changes in regulatory legal acts regulating activities in the field of transport. The publication may be of interest not only for students, but also for scientists, teachers, specialists and everyone who is interested in issues of law and its relations with functioning of the transport system.

The Didactic Potential of University Electronic Information and Educational Environment in the Context of a Pandemic

The materials of the article can be helpful to teachers of higher educational institutions, further education establishments, to heads of educational institutions and school teachers in resolving the issues of organizing educational activities in the context of a pandemic for successful fulfillment of the basic educational programs.

International law and criminalizing illegal trade in endangered species (from the Far Eastern perspective)

The article examines international law in relation to international trade in endangered species. It analyzes the major international agreement in this area: CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 1973) in the context of Thailand and China. The article argues that CITES does not sufficiently address the need of those countries to criminalize illegal trade in endangered animals and plants across borders. CITES requires an increased administrative control over the trade which many developing countries are unable to carry out in order to achieve an effective level of protection for the endangered species. Under the influence of CITES, the crime of illegal trade is defined in Thailand and China narrowly as trade in violation of administrative controls. The main argument of this article is, first, that the countries, such as Thailand and China, must adopt a broader concept of the crime of illegal trade in endangered species. Second, there is a need to adopt this concept on an international level in order to facilitate a successful fulfillment of the countries’ international obligations.