A Good Land

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-98
Author(s):  
Wade Graham
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
New World ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
Seasonal Labor ◽  
Almost All

This chapter describes events from 1845 to 1869. By the time of the Mahele, much of Molokai was a shadow of its former self, its population having dropped steeply from a reported 6,000 in 1832 to about 3,400 in 1850; then, after recovering a few hundred by 1855, dropping further to 2,864 in 1860. The ruins of former hamlets, fishponds, and kalo loi were visible seemingly everywhere. Yet, because of its isolation, the island bore few marks of the new world outside: few haoles lived there, and almost all land was in Hawaiian hands; most residents subsisted on traditional farming and fishing, with some seasonal labor at Lahaina in the whaling economy; little shipping stopped there, and few of the biological intrusions such as invasive species and grazing animals had made an appearance. Nevertheless, a transition to the market economy was going on.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship, Sanctions, and Labor Contracting

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo C. Polopolus ◽  
Robert D. Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Farm Labor ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Labor Laws ◽  
Illegal Aliens ◽  
Price Risks ◽  
Seasonal Labor ◽  
Laws And Regulations

AbstractEntrepreneurs innovate their individual business organizations not only to deal with production and price risks, but also to cope with the risk of sanctions or penalties imposed by society's laws and regulations. More specifically, labor-intensive agricultural firms, faced with potentially large fines for violation of immigration and labor laws, increasingly modify the organization of their firms by shifting the management of routine seasonal labor jobs to independent farm labor contractors. The use of labor contracting is further intensified because of the effectiveness of labor contractors in the recruitment of illegal aliens.

scholarly journals Black Work, Green Money: Remittances, Ritual, and Domestic Economies in Southern Kyrgyzstan

Slavic Review ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Migrant Families ◽  
Migrant Work ◽  
Seasonal Labor ◽  
Domestic Economies

Drawing on ethnographic and survey data, Madeleine Reeves explores the meanings and impact of large-scale seasonal labor migration to Russia on a group of four kin-related villages in southern Kyrgyzstan. Although remittances have come to figure centrally in domestic budgets of migrant families, it is to questions of political economy that we must turn to understand the shift away from small-scale farming toward migrant work. Reeves examines a range of factors mediating decisions to migrate, including the role of social networks and sibling hierarchies; the emergence of growing economic differentials between migrant and nonmigrant households, and the growing importance for young men of a period of work “in town” (shaarda) in proving their eligibility for marriage. Although patterns of economic activity in southern Kyrgyzstan have changed dramatically in recent years, Reeves argues that new forms of engagement in distant labor markets are also being used to sustain patterns of ritual gifting and expressions of ethnic and religious identity that are imagined and articulated precisely as expressions of social continuity.

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