Chapter 8 critically analyses the relationship between landscape and human rights, particularly the normative developments made at the universal level. Given the increasing assertion of a ‘right to landscape’, the exact nature of the relationship between landscape and human rights merits further scrutiny. In addition, human rights mechanisms are increasingly being used as a means for indirectly protecting the natural and cultural environment. This is due, in part, to the absence of other judicial fora for challenging governmental decisions affecting public spaces. The chapter attempts to define the substance of landscape-related rights, first by analysing the content and scope of cultural rights, and second, by exploring the rights associated with environmental protection.