Subsidies and “New Industrial Policy”: Are International Trade Rules Fit for the 21st Century?

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-144
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
21St Century

scholarly journals International Trade Arising from Wage Differences

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (Special Edition) ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
Sikander Rahim
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
High Wage ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Wage Differences ◽  
International Trade Theory

This paper analyzes how trade can develop between low and high wage countries when there is free trade and when there is protection. In particular, the paper focuses on Pakistani industrial development from the 1950’s and how standard international trade theory relies on specific assumptions about the nature of capital, which may not hold. This, in turn, has specific implications for industrial policy in low wage countries.

scholarly journals Industrial Policy in the 21st Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha‐Joon Chang ◽  
Antonio Andreoni
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
21St Century

scholarly journals Beauty and personal care transnationalization: main changes in its spatial structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-250
Author(s):  
Tatiana Gladenkova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Care Industry ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Main Factors

At the turn of 21st century global beauty and personal care industry underwent dramatic changes in its territorial structure. The main factors of that changes were world economics institutional changes, primarily – the international trade liberalization, as well as the R&D progress. During abolition of tariffs or tariff cut the competition in beauty and personal care ratcheted up sharply. That was accompanied by sea changes in its macrogeography, particularly, by the manufacturing transnationalization (mainly, in the form of its «drift» to developing countries) and the general expansion of the range of countries specializing in the beauty and personal care production. The main drive-forces of beauty and personal care transnationalization and the resulting territorial changes in the industry are discussed.

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